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REMIZIDAE - Penduline Tits (3:10)
REMIZ Jarocki, 1819 M - Remiz pendulinus Cuvier; type by monotypy = Motacilla pendulinus Linnaeus, 1758  
Remiz pendulinus1 European Penduline Tit
pendulinus (Linnaeus, 1758) vW and S Europe east to C Russia and W Asia Minor >> S Europe, SW Asia
menzbieri (Sarudny, 1913)2 C Asia Minor and Levant to Transcaucasia and SW Iran
caspius (Poelzam, 1870)3 vSE Russia, N and W Caspian Sea >> SW Asia
jaxarticus (Severtsov, 1873)4,5 αvSW Siberia and N Kazakhstan (east to foot of Altai Mts.) >> WC and SW Asia [Severtsov, 1873 #3576]
Remiz macronyx6 Black-headed Penduline Tit
macronyx (Severtsov, 1873) Lower R. Ural, SW and SC Kazakhstan (to foot of Tien Shan Mts.) >> SW Asia
neglectus (Sarudny, 1908)7 vNE Iran, SW and S Turkmenistan
†? nigricans (Sarudny, 1908) SE Iran, SW Afghanistan
ssaposhnikowi (H.E. Johansen, 1907)8 SE Kazakhstan (around Lake Balkhash)
Remiz consobrinus 9 Eastern Penduline Tit
coronatus (Severtsov, 1873) vE Turkmenistan and N Afghanistan to SC and SE Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan >> SW Asia
stoliczkae (Hume, 1874) S Siberia (from the Yenisey valley to Baikal), NE Kazakhstan, Mongolia, NW and NE China (Xinjiang to NW Heilongjiang) >> S Japan, S Korea, E China
consobrinus (Swinhoe, 1870) Extreme NE China (NE Heilongjiang) >> ?
ANTHOSCOPUS Cabanis, 1851 M - Sylvia minuta Shaw, 1812; type by monotypy   10
Anthoscopus punctifrons   (Sundevall, 1850) Sennar Penduline Tit
iMauritania to C and S Sudan and Eritrea
Anthoscopus parvulus   (von Heuglin, 1864) Yellow Penduline Tit
vSenegal to S Chad and W South Sudan
Anthoscopus musculus   (Hartlaub, 1882) Mouse-coloured Penduline Tit
iSouth Sudan to Somalia, south to NE Tanzania
Anthoscopus flavifrons Forest Penduline Tit
waldronae Bannerman, 193511 δLiberia to Ghana
flavifrons (Cassin, 1855) SE Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, N DR Congo
ruthae Chapin, 1958 E DR Congo
Anthoscopus caroli12 Grey Penduline Tit/African Penduline Tit
roccatii Salvadori, 190613 δS Uganda to W Kenya, E Burundi and NW Tanzania
pallescens Ulfstrand, 1960 W Tanzania
ansorgei E. Hartert, 1905 W DR Congo, W and C Angola
rhodesiae W.L. Sclater, 1932 SE DR Congo, NE Zambia, SW Tanzania
robertsi Haagner, 190914 SE Kenya to NE Zambia and N and C Mozambique
caroli (Sharpe, 1871) S Angola, SW Zambia, N Namibia, N Botswana, W and C Zimbabwe
winterbottomi C.M.N. White, 194615 NW Zambia, adjacent SE DR Congo
rankinei Irwin, 196316 NE Zimbabwe (middle R. Zambezi and lower R. Mazowe)
hellmayri Roberts, 1914 E and S Zimbabwe, S Mozambique, NE and E South Africa
sylviella Reichenow, 1904 SC Kenya to NE and C Tanzania
sharpei E. Hartert, 190517 SW Kenya to C Tanzania
Anthoscopus minutus Cape Penduline Tit
damarensis Reichenow, 1905 vN Namibia, N and E Botswana, W Zimbabwe, N South Africa (North West Province to C Limpopo)
gigi Winterbottom, 1959 S South Africa (Western Cape, Eastern Cape)
minutus (Shaw, 1812)18 vC and S Namibia, SW Botswana, NW and C South Africa (Northern Cape, Free State)
AURIPARUS S.F. Baird, 1864 M - Aegithalus flaviceps Sundevall, 1850; type by original designation   
Auriparus flaviceps Verdin
acaciarum G.B. Grinnell, 1931 SW USA (SW Utah to SE California and NW Arizona) and NW Mexico (N Baja California to WC Chihuahua and C Durango)
ornatus (Lawrence, 1851)19 αvS USA (SE Arizona to Texas and SW Oklahoma) and N Mexico (NE Sonora to SC Tamaulipas)
flaviceps (Sundevall, 1850) NW Mexico (C Baja California, S Sonora, N Sinaloa)
lamprocephalus Oberholser, 189720 vNW Mexico (S Baja California) [Oberholser, 1897 #2805]
sinaloae A.R. Phillips, 198621 NW Mexico (NW Sinaloa) [Phillips, 1986 #3071]
hidalgensis A.R. Phillips, 198622 vNC Mexico (NE Jalisco, SC Guanajuato, S San Luis Potosí, Querétaro, C Hidalgo) [Phillips, 1986 #3071]
1 Harrap (1996) [Harrap, 1996 #1894] treated this as four species; here we basically follow Eck & Martens (2006) [Eck, 2006 #9465] in accepting three.
2 For recognition see Vaurie (1959) [Vaurie, 1959 #3961] and Stepanyan (1990) [Stepanyan, 1990 #3721]. But see also Snow (1967) [Snow, 1967 #4765].
3 Spelling of author's name adjusted to agree with usage of Hartert (1907) [Hartert, 1907 #4647] but also rendered as Poelzeln by Dementiev (1935) [Dementiev, 1935 #9075] and as Pelzam by Snow (1967) [Snow, 1967 #4765].
4 For recognition see Vaurie (1959) [Vaurie, 1959 #3961] and Stepanyan (1990) [Stepanyan, 1990 #3721] who implicitly considered this name not to be the nomen nudum it was considered by Hartert (1907) [Hartert, 1907 #4647]. But see Snow (1967) [Snow, 1967 #4765].
5 For correct date see Dickinson et al. (2011) [Dickinson, 2011 #13287].
6 The name altaicus is considered to apply to hybrids between R. p. menzbieri and R. m. neglectus see Vaurie (1959) [Vaurie, 1959 #3961].
7 For recognition see Stepanyan (1990) [Stepanyan, 1990 #3721] and Cramp et al. (1993) [Cramp, 1993 #1089].
8 For recognition see Cramp et al. (1993) [Cramp, 1993 #1089] and Harrap (1996) [Harrap, 1996 #1894]. But see Vaurie (1959) [Vaurie, 1959 #3961] and Snow (1967) [Snow, 1967 #4765].
9 For treatment as one species, as opposed to two as treated by Harrap (1996) [Harrap, 1996 #1894], see Eck & Martens (2006) [Eck, 2006 #9465]. Rasmussen & Anderton (2005) also treated P. consobrinus as a separate species.
10 For correct date see Dickinson et al. (2011) [Dickinson, 2011 #13287].
11 Original spelling waldroni; internal evidence provides grounds for emendation (named for Fanny Waldron).
12 For inclusion of A. sylviella, treated at species rank by Snow (1967) [Snow, 1967 #4765] see White (1963) [White, 1963 #4190].
13 Correct original spelling. Spelling roccattii in Dickinson (2003) [Dickinson, 2003 #9533] was an ISS.
14 Includes taruensis see White (1963) [White, 1963 #4190].
15 For recognition see Dean in Hockey et al. (2005) [Hockey, 2005 #12724].
16 For recognition see Dean in Hockey et al. (2005) [Hockey, 2005 #12724].
17 For recognition see Zimmerman et al. (1996) [Zimmerman, 1996 #4328].
18 For corrected authorship see Dickinson et al. (2006) [Dickinson, 2006 #9496].
19 For correct date see Dickinson et al. (2011) [Dickinson, 2011 #13287].
20 For recognition, see Phillips (1986) [Phillips, 1986 #3071].
21 Recognised by Harrap (1996) [Harrap, 1996 #1894] and Dickerman & Parkes (1997) [Dickerman, 1997 #1353].
22 Recognised by Harrap (1996) [Harrap, 1996 #1894] and Dickerman & Parkes (1997) [Dickerman, 1997 #1353].
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