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CALCARIIDAE - Longspurs1,2 (3:6)
CALCARIUS Bechstein, 1802 M - Fringilla lapponica Linnaeus, 1758; type by monotypy   
Calcarius lapponicus Lapland Longspur
lapponicus (Linnaeus, 1758) vN Europe, N Asia east to C Chukotka and N Anadyrland >> W and S Europe, C Asia
subcalcaratus (C.L. Brehm, 1826)3 vN Canada (south to N Ontario), W and S Greenland >> USA, NW Europe [Brehm, 1826 #472]
kamtschaticus Portenko, 19374 vS Anadyrland, Koryakland, N Sea of Okhotsk, Kamchatka >> E Asia [Portenko, 1937 #3103]
coloratus Ridgway, 18985 vCommander Is. >> EC China
alascensis Ridgway, 1898 vPribilof Is., N and W Alaska, NW Canada (N Yukon, NW Northwest Territories) >> W USA
Calcarius ornatus   (J.K. Townsend, 1837) Chestnut-collared Longspur
vS Canada (S Alberta to SC Manitoba), NC USA (NE Colorado to W Minnesota) >> S USA, N Mexico
Calcarius pictus 6  (Swainson, 1832) Smith's Longspur
vC Alaska, NC Canada (N British Columbia to N Ontario) >> SC USA (to Texas, N Alabama)
RHYNCHOPHANES S. F. Baird, 1858 M - Plectrophanes mccownii Lawrence, 1851; type by monotypy7,8
Rhynchophanes mccownii   (Lawrence, 1851) McCown's Longspur
SC Canada (SE Alberta, SC Saskatchewan), WC USA (C Montana to NE Colorado, NW Nebraska), >> SC USA
PLECTROPHENAX Stejneger, 1882 M - Emberiza nivalis Linnaeus, 1758; type by original designation   
Plectrophenax nivalis9 Snow Bunting
nivalis (Linnaeus, 1758) vN North America, N Europe >> C USA, W, C and SE Europe, S Russia
insulae Salomonsen, 1931 Iceland, ? N Scotland >> W and C Europe
vlasowae Portenko, 1937 NE Russia to NE Siberia >> C and E Asia
townsendi Ridgway, 1887 W Aleutian Is., Commander Is.
Plectrophenax hyperboreus   Ridgway, 1884 McKay's Bunting
vHall I., St. Matthew I., St. Lawrence I. (Bering Sea) >> coastal W and SW Alaska
1 For separation of this family from the Emberizidae, see Klicka et al. (2003) [Klicka, 2003 #2239] and Carson & Spicer (2003) [Carson, 2003 #670].
2 For use of the name Calcariidae over Plectrophenacidae see precedence of these names as given by Bock (1994) [Bock, 1994 #398].
3 For recognition see Hussell & Montgomerie (2002) [Hussell, 2002 #15395].
4 Treated as a synonym of coloratus in Rising (2011) [Rising, 2011 #13520].
5 Name kamtschaticus Portenko, 1937 [Portenko, 1937 #3103] placed in synonymy by Rising (2011) [Rising, 2011 #13520].
6 For comments on date of publication see Dickinson et al. (2011) [Dickinson, 2011 #13287].
7 For resurrection of this genus see Klicka et al. (2003) [Klicka, 2003 #2239] and Carson & Spicer (2003) [Carson, 2003 #670].
8 Dated 1859 by Paynter (1970) [Paynter, 1970 #2982] but see Zimmer (1926) [Zimmer, 1926 #8548].
9 Forms a superspecies with P. hyperboreus; see Mayr & Short (1970) [Mayr, 1970 #2566], A.O.U. (1983) [A.O.U., 1983 #8], Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636] and A.O.U. (1998) [A.O.U., 1998 #9].
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