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TYTONIDAE - Barn Owls (2:19)
PHODILINAE
PHODILUS I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1830 M - Strix badia Horsfield, 1821; type by original designation and monotypy  
Phodilus badius1 Bay Owl
saturatus Robinson, 1927 vFoothills of E Himalayas (west to Sikkim), NE India, S Yunnan, W and N Myanmar (further into SE Asia?)
ripleyi Hussain & Reza Khan, 1978 iSW India [Hussain, 1978 #2047]
assimilis Hume, 18772 vSri Lanka
badius (Horsfield, 1821) vContinental SE Asia (except NW and SE), Thai-Malay Pen., Greater Sundas
parvus Chasen, 1937 vBelitung I. (off SE Sumatra)
arixuthus Oberholser, 1932 vNatuna Besar (Natuna Is.)
TYTONINAE
TYTO Billberg, 1828 F - Strix flammea Linnaeus, 1766; type by monotypy = Strix alba Scopoli, 1769  
Tyto prigoginei 3  (Schouteden, 1952) Itombwe Owl
E DR Congo [Schouteden, 1952 #3527]
Tyto capensis4 African Grass Owl
cameroonensis Serle, 19495 vCameroon [Serle, 1949 #3571]
capensis (A. Smith, 1834)6,7 vEthiopia and Kenya to E DR Congo, south to Zambia, Zimbabwe and E South Africa
Tyto longimembris8 Eastern Grass Owl
longimembris (Jerdon, 1839)9 vNepal, India, N and E continental SE Asia, N Borneo, SW Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas (Sumba and Flores), N, C and E Australia, Fiji (Viti Levu)
chinensis E. Hartert, 192910 vFujian, Guangxi, Guangdong and Taiwan
amauronota (Cabanis, 1872) vPhilippines
papuensis E. Hartert, 192911 vMontane EC to SE New Guinea (mid montane grasslands of E central cordillera)
Tyto tenebricosa   (Gould, 1845) Greater Sooty Owl
vCoastal and subcoastal EC to SE Australia
Tyto multipunctata12 Lesser Sooty Owl
arfaki (Schlegel, 1879)13 Lower montane New Guinea, Yapen I.
multipunctata Mathews, 1912 vNE Australia (NE Queensland)
Tyto castanops 14  (Gould, 1837) Tasmanian Masked Owl
Tasmania
Tyto novaehollandiae15 Australian Masked Owl
calabyi Mason, 1983 iLowland SC New Guinea (Trans-Fly region) [Mason, 1983 #2519]
kimberli Mathews, 1912 iNW and NC Australia (east to W Gulf of Carpentaria)
melvillensis Mathews, 1912 vMelville I. and Bathurst I. (Northern Territory)
galei Mathews, 1914 iNE Australia (Cape York Pen.)
novaehollandiae (Stephens, 1826)16 iNE Queensland to coastal and subcoastal SE, SC and SW Australia
Tyto manusi 17  Rothschild & E. Hartert, 1914 Manus Masked Owl
iManus (Admiralty Is.)
Tyto aurantia   (Salvadori, 1881) Golden Masked Owl
vNew Britain (Bismarck Arch.)
Tyto sororcula Lesser Masked Owl
sororcula (P.L. Sclater, 1883)18 δiTanimbar Is. (Lesser Sundas)
cayelii (E. Hartert, 1900) iBuru and Seram (S Moluccas)
Tyto nigrobrunnea   Neumann, 1939 Taliabu Masked Owl
vSula Is. [Neumann, 1939 #2763]
Tyto inexspectata   (Schlegel, 1879) Minahassa Masked Owl
vN Sulawesi
Tyto rosenbergii Sulawesi Masked Owl
pelengensis Neumann, 1939 vBanggai Is. [Neumann, 1939 #2763]
rosenbergii (Schlegel, 1866) iSulawesi, Sangir Is.
Tyto delicatula19 Pearly Owl/Australian Barn Owl
sumbaensis (E. Hartert, 1897) vSumba (Lesser Sundas)
meeki (Rothschild & E. Hartert, 1907) Lowland SE New Guinea (west to Huon Gulf in north and Gulf of Papua in south), Manam I., Karkar I.
crassirostris Mayr, 193520,21 vHibernian Is. (Bismarck Arch.) to Solomons
interposita Mayr, 193522 vSanta Cruz Is. (Solomons), Banks Is., N Vanuatu (south to Efaté)
delicatula (Gould, 1837)23,24 vC and E Lesser Sundas (Savu to Tanimbar Is.), Australia, Lord Howe I., Norfolk I., New Caledonia, Loyalty Is., S Vanuatu (Erromango to Anatom), Fiji, Wallis and Futuna Is., Samoa, American Samoa, Tonga, Niue
Tyto soumagnei 25  (A. Grandidier, 1878) Madagascar Red Owl
iE Madagascar [Milne-Edwards, 1878 #13795]
Tyto deroepstorffi 26  (Hume, 1875) Andaman Barn Owl
S Andamans
Tyto alba27 Common Barn Owl
1 alba (Scopoli, 1769) vW and S Europe east to W Balkans
1 guttata (C.L. Brehm, 1831) vC Europe to Ukraine and E Balkans
1 ernesti (O. Kleinschmidt, 1901) iCorsica, Sardinia
1 erlangeri W.L. Sclater, 192128 iN Africa, Arabian Pen., Crete and Middle East east to S Iran
1 schmitzi (E. Hartert, 1900) iMadeira
1 gracilirostris (E. Hartert, 1905) vE Canary Is.
detorta E. Hartert, 191329 Cape Verde Is.
1 poensis (Fraser, 1843)30 αvBioko; S Mauritania to W Ethiopia and South Africa [Fraser, 1843 #1597]
thomensis (Hartlaub, 1852)31 vSão Tomé
1 hypermetra Grote, 1928 vComoros, Madagascar
1 stertens E. Hartert, 192932 iS Asia, continental SE Asia
1 javanica (J.F. Gmelin, 1788) vC and S Thai-Malay Pen., Greater Sundas, Flores Sea islands, Lesser Sundas east to Alor (except Sumba) 33
2 pratincola (Bonaparte, 1838)34 S Canada (SW British Columbia, S Ontario) and USA to S Mexico; Bermuda; Bahamas; Hispaniola
2 guatemalae (Ridgway, 1874)35 Guatemala to Panama and N Colombia
2 bondi Parkes & A.R. Phillips, 197836 Isla de Roatán and Isla de Guanaja (off N Honduras) [Parkes, 1978 #2931]
2 furcata (Temminck, 1827) vCuba, Cayman Is., Jamaica
2 niveicauda Parkes & A.R. Phillips, 197837 Isla de la Juventud [Parkes, 1978 #2931]
2 contempta (E. Hartert, 1898) vAndes of W Venezuela and Colombia to Peru
2 tuidara (J.E. Gray, 1829)38 Trinidad and Tobago, C Venezuela and the Guianas south to E Bolivia, C Argentina and Uruguay; Falkland Is.
2 zottae L. Kelso, 193839 Andes of S Argentina, Tierra del Fuego
3 bargei (E. Hartert, 1892)40 Curaçao
4 nigrescens (Lawrence, 1878) Dominica (Lesser Antilles)
4 insularis (von Pelzeln, 1872)41 vSt. Vincent to Grenada (S Lesser Antilles)
5 punctatissima (Gould & G.R. Gray, 1838)42,43 vGalapagos Is.
Tyto glaucops 44  (Kaup, 1853) Ashy-faced Owl
iHispaniola and Ile de la Tortue
1 Peters (1940) [Peters, 1940 #3010] listed P. riverae from Samar once. The specimen no longer exists and the record probably relates to another species; see Kennedy et al. (2000) [Kennedy, 2000 #2203].
2 Treated as a separate species by Rasmussen & Anderton (2005) [Rasmussen, 2005 #4749], with ripleyi as a subspecies.
3 For placement in Tyto see König et al. (1999) [König, 1999 #32] and König & Weick (2008) [König, 2008 #13506].
4 For taxonomic revisions see Amadon (1959) [Amadon, 1959 #4348] and Mees (1964) [Mees, 1964 #2603].
5 For recognition see Louette (1981) [Louette, 1981 #13691].
6 Mees (1964) [Mees, 1964 #2603] suggested that the name capensis A. Smith was preoccupied. Since then, capensis Daudin, 1800, has been suppressed for the purpose of priority and Smith's name validated; see Opinion 895 (I.C.Z.N., 1970) [I.C.Z.N., 1970 #2054].
7 Includes damarensis and librata [sic]; see König et al. (1999) [König, 1999 #32]; however, they treated this as a monotypic species.
8 For treatment as a separate species from T. capensis, see Rasmussen & Anderton (2005) [Rasmussen, 2005 #4749] and König & Weick (2008) [König, 2008 #13506].
9 Includes walleri and maculosa Glauert, 1945 [Glauert, 1945 #1713]; see Mees (1964) [Mees, 1964 #2603]. Also includes oustaleti; see König & Weick (2008) [König, 2008 #13506].
10 Includes melli; see Amadon & Jewett (1946) [Amadon, 1946 #72]. Also includes pithecops; see König & Weick (2008) [König, 2008 #13506], but see also Collar (2004) [Collar, 2004 #1017].
11 Includes baliem Ripley, 1964 [Ripley, 1964 #3314]; see König et al. (1999) [König, 1999 #32].
12 For recognition see Schodde & Mason (1980, 1997) [Schodde, 1980 #3509] [Schodde, 1997 #3523], but see Norman et al. (2002) [Norman, 2002 #2782].
13 May merit treatment as separate species; see Norman et al. (2002) [Norman, 2002 #2782].
14 For treatment as a separate species from T. novaehollandiae see König & Weick (2008) [König, 2008 #13506].
15 Subspecies recognition follows Mason (1983) [Mason, 1983 #2519] and Schodde & Mason (1997) [Schodde, 1997 #3523].
16 Includes perplexa; see Schodde & Mason (1980) [Schodde, 1980 #3509] and Schodde in Schodde & Mason (1997) [Schodde, 1997 #3523].
17 For reasons to separate from T. novaehollandiae see McAllan & Bruce (1989) [McAllan, 1989 #2582].
18 Correct original spelling. Spelling sorocula in Peters (1940) [Peters, 1940 #3010] an ISS.
19 For separation from T. alba see König & Weick (2008) [König, 2008 #13506] and Wink et al. (2009) [Wink, 2009 #12009]. For conspecific treatment see Bruce (1999) [Bruce, 1999 #12712].
20 For relationship to delicatula see Schodde & Mason (1980) [Schodde, 1980 #3509]. See also König & Weick (2008) [König, 2008 #13506].
21 Includes bellonae Bradley, 1962 [Bradley, 1962 #473]; see Galbraith & Galbraith (1962) [Galbraith, 1962 #1646].
22 For continued recognition see Amadon (1942) [Amadon, 1942 #4347] and König & Weick (2008) [König, 2008 #13506], but see also Schodde & Mason (1980) [Schodde, 1980 #3509] and Bruce (1999) [Bruce, 1999 #12712].
23 Includes everetti and kuehni; see Mayr (1944) [Mayr, 1944 #2552]. Also includes lulu; see Schodde & Mason (1980) [Schodde, 1980 #3509].
24 Populations of S Vanuatu are intergrades with interposita; see Amadon (1942) [Amadon, 1942 #4347].
25 Grandidier named the species in a footnote to the description of a new genus, Heliodilus, by Milne-Edwards (1878) [Milne-Edwards, 1878 #13795].
26 For treatment as a separate species from T. alba, see König et al. (1999) [König, 1999 #32] and Rasmussen & Anderton (2005) [Rasmussen, 2005 #4749].
27 For treatment of the New World groups as three separate species (T. furcata, T. bargei, and T. punctatissima) from T. alba see König & Weick (2008) [König, 2008 #13506].
28 Includes microsticta Koelz, 1950 [Koelz, 1950 #2245]; see Vaurie (1965) [Vaurie, 1965 #3967].
29 Treated as a species by König & Weick (2008) [König, 2006 #13506].
30 Includes affinis; see Bruce & Dowsett (2004) [Bruce, 2004 #553].
31 May merit treatment as a separate species (Bruce 1999) [Bruce, 1999 #12712] and so treated by König & Weick (2008) [König, 2006 #13506].
32 Includes crypta Koelz, 1939 [Koelz, 1939 #2244]; see Ripley (1982) [Ripley, 1982 #3332].
33 Introduced to Seychelles, Borneo and Hawaiian Is.
34 Includes lucayanus; see Bruce (1999) [Bruce, 1999 #12712].
35 Includes subandeana; see Bruce (1999) [Bruce, 1999 #12712].
36 Diagnosability questioned by Bruce (1999) [Bruce, 1999 #12712].
37 Diagnosability from furcata questioned by Bruce (1999) [Bruce, 1999 #12712].
38 Includes hellmayri and hauchecorni Kleinschmidt, 1940 [Kleinschmidt, 1935-43 #14156]; see Bruce (1999) [Bruce, 1999 #12712].
39 For recognition see Prins et al. (2003) [Prins, 2003 #13460], but see also Weick (2006) [Weick, 2006 #10143].
40 For continued recognition see Prins et al. (2003) [Prins, 2003 #13460]. Treated as a separate species by König & Weick (2008) [König, 2008 #13506].
41 Treated as a separate species, including nigrescens, by König & Weick (2008) [König, 2008 #13506].
42 May deserve species rank (Sibley & Monroe 1990, Bruce 1999) [Sibley, 1990 #3636], [Bruce, 1999 #12712]; treated as a separate species by Cory (1918) [Cory, 1918 #1059] and König & Weick (2008) [König, 2008 #13506].
43 The date, and the inclusion of Gould in the authorship, derived from the publication of the plate; see Steinheimer et al. (2006) [Steinheimer, 2006 #4439].
44 For treatment as a separate species from T. alba see A.O.U. (1983) [A.O.U., 1983 #8].
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