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TYRANNIDAE - Tyrant-flycatchers1 (78:305)
HIRUNDINEINAE2
MYIOTRICCUS Ridgway, 1905 M - Tyrannula phoenicura P.L. Sclater, 1855; type by original designation  
Myiotriccus ornatus Ornate Flycatcher
ornatus (Lafresnaye, 1853) vC and E Andes of Colombia
stellatus (Cabanis, 1873) vW Andes of Colombia and W slope of Andes of Ecuador (south to El Oro)
phoenicurus (P.L. Sclater, 1855) vE slope of Andes of S Colombia (W Caquetá) to N Peru (NW Amazonas, NE Cajamarca)
aureiventris (P.L. Sclater, 1874) vE slope of Andes of C and S Peru (Huánuco to Puno)
NEPHELOMYIAS Ohlson, Fjeldså & Ericson, 2009 M - Mitrephorus ochraceiventris Cabanis, 1873; type by original designation3
Nephelomyias pulcher Handsome Flycatcher
pulcher (P.L. Sclater, 1861)4 αvW slope of Andes of W Colombia (Valle) to NW Ecuador (SW Cotopaxi)
bellus (P.L. Sclater, 1862) vLocally in C and E Andes of Colombia and on E slope of Andes of Ecuador to N Peru (NE Cajamarca)
oblitus (J. Bond, 1943) vE slope of Andes of SE Peru (Cuzco, Puno) and C Bolivia (Cochabamba)
Nephelomyias lintoni   (Meyer de Schauensee, 1951) Orange-banded Flycatcher
E slope of Andes of C Ecuador (Morona-Santiago) to extreme N Peru (Cerro Chinguela)
Nephelomyias ochraceiventris 5  (Cabanis, 1873) Ochraceous-breasted Flycatcher
vE slope of Andes from N Peru (C Amazonas) to NW Bolivia (La Paz)
PYRRHOMYIAS Cabanis & F. Heine, Sr., 1860 M - Tyrannula vieillotioides Lafresnaye, 1848; type by subsequent designation (P.L. Sclater, 1888, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 14, p. 198).  6
Pyrrhomyias cinnamomeus7 Cinnamon Flycatcher
assimilis (J.A. Allen, 1900) vSanta Marta Mts. (N Colombia)
vieillotioides (Lafresnaye, 1848) iAndes of W Venezuela (N Táchira to Lara) and mountains of N Venezuela (Yaracuy, Coastal Range from Carabobo to Miranda)
spadix Wetmore, 1939 iCoastal Range of NE Venezuela (NE Anzoátegui, W and C Sucre, N Monagas)
pariae W.H. Phelps & W.H. Phelps, Jr., 1949 iMountains of NE Venezuela (Paria Pen.)
pyrrhopterus (Hartlaub, 1843) vSierra de Perijá; Andes of W Venezuela (S Táchira) to N Peru (south on W slope to Cajamarca and on E slope to N San Martín)
cinnamomeus (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) vE slope of Andes of N Peru (S San Martín) to NW Argentina (Tucumán)
HIRUNDINEA d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837 F - Tyrannus bellicosus Vieillot, 1819; type by monotypy  
Hirundinea ferruginea Cliff Flycatcher
1 sclateri Reinhardt, 1870 iSierra de Perijá; locally in Andes of Venezuela, on E slope of E Andes of Colombia and E slope of Andes of Ecuador to SE Peru (Cuzco)
1 ferruginea (J.F. Gmelin, 1788) vCerros of E Colombia (Guainía, Vaupés) and adjacent NW Brazil (NW Amazonas); tepuis of S and SE Venezuela, adjacent SW Guyana and N Brazil; cerros of Surinam and French Guiana
1 pallidior E. Hartert & Goodson, 1917 vE slope of Andes of NW Bolivia (La Paz) to W Argentina (Mendoza) and mountains of WC Argentina (Córdoba, San Luis)
2 bellicosa (Vieillot, 1819)8 vE and S Brazil, E Bolivia (E Santa Cruz) and E Paraguay to NE Argentina (Misiones) and Uruguay
ELAENIINAE9 - Tribe EUSCARTHMINI9
ZIMMERIUS Traylor, 1977 M - Tyrannulus chrysops P.L. Sclater, 1859; type by original designation  10
Zimmerius cinereicapilla   (Cabanis, 1873) Red-billed Tyrannulet
iLocally on E slope of Andes of N Ecuador (W Napo) to NW Bolivia (La Paz)
Zimmerius villarejoi   Alvarez Alonso & Whitney, 2001 Mishana Tyrannulet
iLocally in N Peru (R. Nanay in N Loreto; Mayo valley in N San Martín) [Alvarez Alonso, 2001 #68]
Zimmerius chicomendesi 11  Whitney, Schunck, Rêgo & Silveira, 2013 Chico's Tyrannulet
C Amazonian Brazil (R. Madeira to R. Aripuanã and R. Madeirinha in SE Amazonas) [Whitney, 2013 #14824]
Zimmerius acer 12  (Salvin & Godman, 1883) Guianan Tyrannulet
vE Venezuela (NE Bolívar), the Guianas, E Amazonian and NE Brazil (R. Madeira and R. Branco to N Ceará; Alagoas)
Zimmerius vilissimus13 Paltry Tyrannulet
vilissimus (P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 1859) vHighlands of S Mexico (Chiapas), S Belize, S Guatemala and W El Salvador
parvus (Lawrence, 1862) vN Honduras and E Nicaragua to NW Colombia (NW Chocó)
Zimmerius albigularis 14,15  (Chapman, 1924) Choco Tyrannulet
vW slope of Andes and adjacent lowlands of SW Colombia (Nariño) to C Ecuador (NE Guayas)
Zimmerius improbus Mountain Tyrannulet
tamae (W.H. Phelps & W.H. Phelps, Jr., 1954) Santa Marta Mts., Sierra de Perijá, Andes of W Venezuela (Páramo de Tamá)
improbus (P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 1871) vE Andes in NE Colombia (Norte de Santander), Andes of Venezuela (Táchira to Barinas)
Zimmerius petersi   (von Berlepsch, 1907) Venezuelan Tyrannulet
Mountains of N Venezuela (S Lara to Miranda)
Zimmerius chrysops16,17 Golden-faced Tyrannulet
minimus (Chapman, 1912) vSanta Marta Mts. (N Colombia)
cumanensis (J.T. Zimmer, 1941) vMountains of NE Venezuela (NE Anzoátegui, Sucre and N Monagas)
chrysops (P.L. Sclater, 1859) iSierra de Perijá; Andes of W Venezuela and Colombia (except W slope in Nariño), E slope of Andes of Ecuador to N Peru (San Martín)
flavidifrons (P.L. Sclater, 1860) iW slope of Andes of C Ecuador (SW Chimborazo) to NW Peru (Piura)
Zimmerius viridiflavus 18  (von Tschudi, 1844) Peruvian Tyrannulet
vE slope of Andes in C Peru (Huánuco to Junín)
Zimmerius gracilipes Slender-footed Tyrannulet
gracilipes (P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 1868)19 αiS Venezuela (Amazonas, C and S Bolívar), E Colombia, NE Ecuador, NE Peru (north of R. Marañón), W Amazonian Brazil (north of R. Amazon, east to R. Branco and lower R. Negro)
gilvus (J.T. Zimmer, 1941) vE Peru (south of R. Marañón), N and NE Bolivia, W Amazonian Brazil (south of R. Amazon, east to R. Madeira)
Zimmerius bolivianus 20  (d'Orbigny, 1840) Bolivian Tyrannulet
E slope of Andes from C Peru (Huánuco and Ayacucho) to C Bolivia (W Santa Cruz)
STIGMATURA P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 1866 F - Culicivora budytoides d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837; type by monotypy  
Stigmatura napensis Lesser Wagtail Tyrant
1 napensis Chapman, 1926 vAlong R. Aguarico in NE Ecuador, R. Napo in E Ecuador and NE Peru, R. Amazon in NE Peru, SE Colombia and Brazil (east to R. Tapajós), R. Marañón and R. Ucayali in E Peru and R. Juruá and R. Madeira in W Brazil; along R. Orinoco in SW Venezuela (W Amazonas)
2 bahiae Chapman, 192621 iNE Brazil (W Pernambuco, NC Bahia)
Stigmatura budytoides22 Greater Wagtail Tyrant
1 budytoides (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) iC Bolivia (E Cochabamba, W Santa Cruz, N Chuquisaca)
1 inzonata Wetmore & J.L. Peters, 1923 vSE Bolivia (S Santa Cruz to Tarija), W Paraguay and NC Argentina (south to Córdoba and San Luis)
1 flavocinerea (Burmeister, 1861) vC Argentina (Mendoza to Buenos Aires and N Río Negro)
2 gracilis J.T. Zimmer, 195523 vE Brazil (W Pernambuco, N Bahia; N Minas Gerais)
INEZIA Cherrie, 1909 F - Capsiempis caudata Salvin, 1897; type by original designation  24
Inezia tenuirostris   (Cory, 1913) Slender-billed Tyrannulet
vNE Colombia (NE Magdalena, Guajira) and NW Venezuela (N Zulia, Falcón, Lara, Yaracuy)
Inezia inornata 25  (Salvadori, 1897) Plain Tyrannulet
vC Bolivia (S Beni) and SW Brazil (SW Mato Grosso, W Mato Grosso do Sul) to NW Argentina (Salta, W Formosa) and C Paraguay >> north to SE Peru and SW Amazonian Brazil
Inezia subflava Amazonian Tyrannulet
obscura J.T. Zimmer, 1939 vE Colombia (E Guainía, Vaupés), S Venezuela (Amazonas) and NW Brazil (upper R. Negro)
subflava (P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 1873) vLocally in E Amazonian Brazil (west to lower R. Negro and lower R. Madeira); NE Bolivia (N Beni, NE Santa Cruz)
Inezia caudata26 Pale-tipped Tyrannulet
intermedia Cory, 1913 vNE Colombia (N Bolívar to S Guajira and Cesar) and N Venezuela (Zulia and Portuguesa to N Anzoátegui)
caudata (Salvin, 1897) vC and Venezuela (Apure and along R. Orinoco to S Monagas), the Guianas and N Brazil (N Roraima; Amapá)
EUSCARTHMUS zu Wied, 1831 M - Euscarthmus meloryphus zu Wied, 1831; type by subsequent designation (G.R. Gray, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 32).  
Euscarthmus meloryphus Tawny-crowned Pygmy Tyrant
paulus (Bangs, 1899) vNE and C Colombia (E Magdalena and Guajira to Norte de Santander and south in Magdalena valley to Huila) and N Venezuela (east to Sucre and NE Bolívar)
fulviceps P.L. Sclater, 1871 iW and extreme S Ecuador (W Esmeraldas to W Loja; S Zamora-Chinchipe) and NW Peru (Tumbes and Cajamarca to La Libertad and N Lima)
meloryphus zu Wied, 1831 E and S Brazil (Maranhão and Ceará to Mato Grosso and Rio Grande do Sul), SE Peru, N and E Bolivia, E Paraguay, NW and NE Argentina, W Uruguay
Euscarthmus rufomarginatus 27  (von Pelzeln, 1868) Rufous-sided Pygmy Tyrant
vS Surinam; EC and S Brazil (SE Maranhão and E Bahia to S Mato Grosso, N Mato Grosso do Sul and N São Paulo), extreme NE Bolivia (Serranía de Huanchaca) and extreme NE Paraguay (N Concepción)
ORNITHION Hartlaub, 1853 N - Ornithion inerme Hartlaub, 1853; type by original designation  28
Ornithion semiflavum 29  (P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 1860) Yellow-bellied Tyrannulet
vCaribbean slope of S Mexico (S Veracruz, N Oaxaca) to SE Nicaragua, Pacific slope of Costa Rica to W Panama (W Chiriquí)
Ornithion brunneicapillus 30  (Lawrence, 1862) Brown-capped Tyrannulet
Caribbean slope of Costa Rica to W and NC Colombia and SW Ecuador (El Oro); locally in NE Colombia and N Venezuela (east to S Miranda)
Ornithion inerme   Hartlaub, 1853 White-lored Tyrannulet
vS and E Venezuela, the Guianas and Amazonia; coastal E Brazil (Alagoas to Rio de Janeiro)
CAMPTOSTOMA P.L. Sclater, 1857 N - Camptostoma imberbe P.L. Sclater, 1857; type by monotypy  
Camptostoma imberbe 31  P.L. Sclater, 1857 Northern Beardless Tyrannulet
S USA (S Arizona, S Texas) to NW Costa Rica; Isla Holbox, Isla de Cozumel
Camptostoma obsoletum32,33 Southern Beardless Tyrannulet
1 flaviventre P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 186534 αvPacific slope of Costa Rica and Panama, also on Caribbean slope of E Panama
1 orphnum Wetmore, 1957 vIsla de Coiba (off SW Panama)
1 majus Griscom, 193235 vArch. de las Perlas (off S Panama)
2 pusillum (Cabanis & F. Heine, Sr., 1860)36,37 vN Colombia (N Chocó to Guajira, south to Santander), N, C and E Venezuela (south to R. Ventuari), Trinidad
2 caucae Chapman, 191438 iC Colombia (W slope of W Andes, Cauca valley, upper Magdalena valley; E slope of E Andes in W Meta)
2 napaeum (Ridgway, 1888) vS Venezuela (north to R. Ventuari), the Guianas, C and E Amazonian Brazil (west to upper R. Negro and R. Tefé)
3 sclateri (von Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1884)39 αiW Ecuador and NW Peru (Tumbes, N Piura)
3 maranonicum Carriker, 193340 vN Peru (W slope of Andes in E Piura and Marañón valley in W Amazonas, E Cajamarca and E Ancash)
3 griseum Carriker, 1933 vW Peru (Lambayeque to Lima)
4 olivaceum (von Berlepsch, 1889)41 vSE Colombia, E Ecuador, E Peru (south to C Ucayali) and W Amazonian Brazil (south of R. Amazon, east to R. Juruá)
5 bolivianum J.T. Zimmer, 1941 vE slope of Andes of C Bolivia (E La Paz) to NW Argentina (Tucumán)
5 cinerascens (zu Wied, 1831) iE Brazil (Maranhão to Ceará, south to Mato Grosso and Espírito Santo) and E Bolivia (E Santa Cruz)
5 obsoletum (Temminck, 1824) vS Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul to Rio de Janeiro and Rio Grande do Sul), Paraguay, N and E Argentina (south to La Pampa and Buenos Aires), Uruguay
ELAENIINAE - Tribe ELAENIINI
ELAENIA Sundevall, 1836 F - Muscicapa pagana M.H.C. Lichtenstein, 1823; type by subsequent designation (G.R. Gray, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 49). = Pipra flavogaster Thunberg, 1822  42
Elaenia ruficeps   von Pelzeln, 1868 Rufous-crowned Elaenia
iLocally in E Colombia, S Venezuela, the Guianas and N Brazil (N Roraima, N Amapá, middle and lower R. Amazon and R. Cururu)
Elaenia cristata Plain-crested Elaenia
cristata von Pelzeln, 1868 vVenezuela (east of Andes), the Guianas, N, C and E Brazil, extreme E Bolivia; locally in SE Colombia (Caquetá, Vaupés), SE Peru (Cuzco, Madre de Dios) and W Bolivia (La Paz)
alticola J.T. Zimmer & W.H. Phelps, Sr., 1946 iTepuis of SE Venezuela (SE Bolívar) and adjacent N Brazil
Elaenia gigas   P.L. Sclater, 1871 Mottle-backed Elaenia
iE Andean foothills and adjacent lowlands from C Colombia (W Meta) to W Bolivia (W Santa Cruz)
Elaenia dayi Great Elaenia
tyleri Chapman, 1929 iTepuis of SC Venezuela (Serranía Parú, Cerro Huachamacari, Cerro Marahuaca and Cerro Duida in Amazonas; Meseta del Cerro Jaua in SW Bolívar)
auyantepui J.T. Zimmer & W.H. Phelps, Sr., 1952 iTepuis of SE Venezuela (Auyan Tepui in SE Bolívar)
dayi Chapman, 1929 iTepuis of SE Venezuela (Cerro Ptaritepui, Chimantá Tepui, Cerro Cuquenán, Mt. Roraima in SE Bolívar)
Elaenia obscura Highland Elaenia
1 obscura (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) vE slope of Andes of S Ecuador (NE Azuay) to NW Argentina (Catamarca)
2 sordida J.T. Zimmer, 194143 vSE Brazil (S Mato Grosso do Sul to S Bahia and Rio Grande do Sul), E Paraguay, NE Argentina and N Uruguay
Elaenia strepera   Cabanis, 1883 Slaty Elaenia
vE slope of Andes of C Bolivia (W Santa Cruz) to NW Argentina (La Rioja) >> N Venezuela
Elaenia flavogaster Yellow-bellied Elaenia
subpagana P.L. Sclater, 1860 vSE Mexico (S Veracruz and Chiapas) to Costa Rica; Isla de Coiba (off SW Panama)
pallididorsalis Aldrich, 1937 vPanama and adjacent islands (except Isla de Coiba)
flavogaster (Thunberg, 1822) iColombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, Tobago, S Lesser Antilles, the Guianas, N, E and S Brazil, E Peru, N and E Bolivia, E Paraguay, NW and NE Argentina
semipagana P.L. Sclater, 186244 αvW Ecuador (Esmeraldas to El Oro); Marañón valley of S Ecuador (S Zamora-Chinchipe) and NW Peru
Elaenia parvirostris   von Pelzeln, 1868 Small-billed Elaenia
vE and SE Bolivia, Paraguay, S Brazil, N and E Argentina, Uruguay >> Colombia (except W), Venezuela, Netherlands Antilles, Trinidad, the Guianas and Amazonia
Elaenia pelzelni   von Berlepsch, 1907 Brownish Elaenia
iNE Peru (along R. Amazon and R. Napo), Amazonian Brazil (along R. Amazon, R. Juruá, R. Madeira, lower R. Xingu and R. Iriri), NE Bolivia (along R. Beni)
Elaenia spectabilis 45  von Pelzeln, 1868 Large Elaenia
vEC to S Brazil, SE Bolivia, Paraguay, N and NE Argentina, NW Uruguay >> SE Colombia, E Ecuador, E Peru, N Bolivia, Amazonian Brazil
Elaenia ridleyana 46  Sharpe, 1888 Noronha Elaenia
vFernando de Noronha I. (off NE Brazil)
Elaenia chiriquensis Lesser Elaenia
1 chiriquensis Lawrence, 1865 vSW Costa Rica to C Panama (along Pacific slope to Panamá, on Caribbean slope only in C Colón), Isla de Coiba, Arch. de las Perlas
1 albivertex von Pelzeln, 1868 iN, C and E Colombia, Venezuela, Netherlands Antilles, Trinidad, the Guianas, N, E and C Brazil, E Peru, N and E Bolivia, Paraguay, NW and NE Argentina
2 brachyptera von Berlepsch, 190747 vW Andean foothills of SW Colombia (Nariño) to NW Ecuador (N Pichincha)
Elaenia mesoleuca 48  (Deppe, 1830) Olivaceous Elaenia
vSE Brazil (SE Goiás and S Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul), E Paraguay, NE Argentina and N Uruguay
Elaenia pallatangae Sierran Elaenia
pallatangae P.L. Sclater, 186249 αiW and C Andes of Colombia (south from Valle and Tolima) to NW Peru (Cajamarca)
intensa J.T. Zimmer, 1941 vE slope of Andes of Peru (Amazonas to Puno)
exsul Todd, 1952 iE slope of Andes of C Bolivia (Cochabamba)
Elaenia albiceps50 White-crested Elaenia
1 griseigularis P.L. Sclater, 185951 αvAndes of SW Colombia (Nariño) to NW Peru (W Cajamarca)
1 diversa J.T. Zimmer, 1941 vAndes of NC Peru (S Cajamarca to W Huánuco)
1 urubambae J.T. Zimmer, 1941 iAndes of SE Peru (Urubamba valley in Cuzco)
1 albiceps (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) iE slope of Andes of SE Peru (Puno) to C Bolivia (Cochabamba)
2 modesta von Tschudi, 1844 vNW Peru (Lambayeque) to N Chile (Tarapacá)
3 chilensis Hellmayr, 192752 vAndes from S Bolivia (Chuquisaca) to Tierra del Fuego, into lowlands of C Argentina >> north to E Peru, SE Colombia and N and E Brazil (Pará and Bahia)
Elaenia frantzii Mountain Elaenia
ultima Griscom, 1935 vMountains of Guatemala, N El Salvador and Honduras
frantzii Lawrence, 1865 iMountains of NC Nicaragua and Costa Rica to WC Panama (Veraguas)
pudica P.L. Sclater, 1871 vAndes of Colombia and Venezuela, mountains of N Venezuela (Falcón, Yaracuy and Coastal Range east to Sucre and N Monagas)
browni Bangs, 1898 iSanta Marta Mts. (N Colombia); Sierra de Perijá (Colombian-Venezuelan border)
Elaenia olivina53 Tepui Elaenia
olivina Salvin & Godman, 1884 vTepuis of S Venezuela and adjacent N Brazil and Guyana
davidwillardi Dickerman & W.H. Phelps, Jr., 1987 Tepuis of extreme S Venezuela (Serranía de la Neblina in S Amazonas) [Dickerman, 1987 #1339]
Elaenia martinica54 Caribbean Elaenia
1 remota von Berlepsch, 1907 vIsla Holbox, Isla Mujeres, Isla de Cozumel and Culebra Cay (off Yucatan Pen.)
2 chinchorrensis Griscom, 1926 vBanco Chinchorro (off Quintana Roo)
1 cinerescens Ridgway, 1884 iIsla de San Andrés, Isla de Providencia and Isla Santa Catalina (W Caribbean)
1 caymanensis von Berlepsch, 1907 vCayman Is.
1 riisii P.L. Sclater, 1860 iPuerto Rico and offshore islands, Virgin Is., N Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, St. Martin, St. Barthélemy, Barbuda, Antigua); Netherlands Antilles
1 martinica (Linnaeus, 1766) vSaba and St. Eustatius to Grenada (Lesser Antilles)
1 barbadensis Cory, 1888 vBarbados (S Lesser Antilles)
Elaenia fallax Greater Antillean Elaenia
1 fallax P.L. Sclater, 1861 iJamaica
2 cherriei Cory, 189555 iHispaniola
TYRANNULUS Vieillot, 1816 M - Roitelet Mésange Buffon; type by monotypy = Sylvia elata Latham, 1790  
Tyrannulus elatus 56  (Latham, 1790) Yellow-crowned Tyrannulet
vS Costa Rica and Panama to N and C Colombia, W Venezuela and SW Ecuador; S and E Venezuela, the Guianas and Amazonia
MYIOPAGIS Salvin & Godman, 1888 F - Elainea placens P.L. Sclater, 1859; type by original designation  57
Myiopagis caniceps58 Gray Elaenia
absita (Wetmore, 1963) vC and E Panama (C Colón; E Darién)
parambae (Hellmayr, 1904) iNW Colombia (Chocó) to NW Ecuador (SW Pichincha)
cinerea (von Pelzeln, 1868) vE Ecuador, E Peru, E Colombia, S Venezuela, SW Guyana, French Guiana, W Amazonian Brazil (east to Roraima and R. Purus), N Bolivia
caniceps (Swainson, 1835)59,60 αiE and S Brazil (E Maranhão to Rio Grande do Norte, south to Mato Grosso do Sul and N Rio Grande do Sul), E Paraguay, S Bolivia (Tarija), NW and NE Argentina
Myiopagis olallai   Coopmans & Krabbe, 2000 Foothill Elaenia
iLocally in E Andean foothills of Ecuador and C Peru (Pasco, Junín, N Cuzco) [Coopmans, 2000 #1054]
Myiopagis gaimardii61 Forest Elaenia
macilvainii (Lawrence, 1871) iE Panama (west to N Coclé) and N Colombia (NW Antioquia to Magdalena)
bogotensis (von Berlepsch, 1907) vNE Colombia (Guajira to Norte de Santander), W and N Venezuela (north of R. Orinoco)
guianensis (von Berlepsch, 1907) vE and SE Colombia, S and E Venezuela (south of R. Orinoco), the Guianas, N Brazil (north of R. Amazon) and NE Peru (north of R. Amazon)
trinitatis (E. Hartert & Goodson, 1917) iTrinidad
gaimardii (d'Orbigny, 1840)62 iE Ecuador, E Peru (south of R. Amazon), S, C and NE Brazil (south of R. Amazon, east to Maranhão, Goiás and W São Paulo; Alagoas), N Bolivia
Myiopagis subplacens 63  (P.L. Sclater, 1862) Pacific Elaeniaα
iNW Ecuador (W Esmeraldas) to NW Peru (N Lambayeque)
Myiopagis flavivertex   (P.L. Sclater, 1887) Yellow-crowned Elaenia
iLocally in NE and S Venezuela, the Guianas, NE Ecuador, NE Peru and Amazonian Brazil (Amapá and along R. Amazon and R. Madeira)
Myiopagis viridicata64 Greenish Elaenia
jaliscensis Nelson, 1900 vW Mexico (S Durango to Morelos, Guerrero and S Oaxaca)
minima Nelson, 1898 vIslas Marías (off W Mexico)
placens (P.L. Sclater, 1859) iE and SE Mexico (S Tamaulipas to Yucatan Pen., Isla de Cozumel), Belize, N Guatemala and N Honduras
pacifica (Brodkorb, 1943) vPacific slope of S Mexico (Chiapas) to S Honduras
accola Bangs, 1902 iNicaragua to N and NW Colombia and W Venezuela (N Táchira)
pallens Bangs, 190265 iNC Colombia (Santa Marta region and upper Magdalena valley in Cundinamarca and Huila)
zuliae J.T. Zimmer & W.H. Phelps, Sr., 195566 iNW Venezuela (foothills of Sierra de Perijá)
restricta Todd, 195267 vN and C Venezuela (east of Andes, south to NW Amazonas and C Bolívar); Guyana
implacens (P.L. Sclater, 1862)68 αiSW Colombia (Nariño) to NW Peru (Tumbes)
viridicata (Vieillot, 1817) vSE Peru, N and E Bolivia, SC, E and SE Brazil, Paraguay, NW and NE Argentina (south to Tucumán, Formosa and Corrientes)
Myiopagis cotta   (Gosse, 1849) Jamaican Elaenia
iJamaica
SUIRIRI d'Orbigny, 1840 F - Muscicapa suiriri Vieillot, 1818; type by tautonymy  69
Suiriri suiriri Suiriri Flycatcher
affinis (Burmeister, 1856)70 vSurinam; N, E and S Brazil (Amapá; W Pará; Maranhão, W Piauí and W Bahia to Mato Grosso, Goiás and São Paulo), N Bolivia, NE Paraguay
bahiae (von Berlepsch, 1893)71 iNE Brazil (Paraíba, Pernambuco, NE Bahia)
suiriri (Vieillot, 1818) iE and S Bolivia, Paraguay, N and E Argentina, Uruguay
Suiriri islerorum 72  K.J. Zimmer, Whittaker & Oren, 2001 Chapada Flycatcher
iC and SW Brazil (Maranhão, Tocantins, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul) and extreme E Bolivia [Zimmer, 2001 #4326]
CAPSIEMPIS Cabanis & F. Heine, Sr., 1860 F - Muscicapa flaveola M.H.C. Lichtenstein, 1823; type by monotypy  73,74
Capsiempis flaveola Yellow Tyrannulet
semiflava (Lawrence, 1865) vSE Nicaragua to EC Panama (E Colón, E Panamá; Isla de Coiba)
leucophrys von Berlepsch, 1907 iNC Colombia (Sucre to Magdalena and NE Antioquia, south in Magdalena valley to SW Cundinamarca) and NW Venezuela (Zulia to NW Táchira and SW Lara)
magnirostris E. Hartert, 1898 vW Ecuador (W Pichincha to Guayas and El Oro)
cerula Wetmore, 193975 δiE and SE Colombia, Venezuela (east of Andes), the Guianas, NW and E Amazonian Brazil, NE Ecuador, NE and SE Peru, NE Bolivia
flaveola (M.H.C. Lichtenstein, 1823) vE and S Brazil (Pernambuco to Mato Grosso do Sul and N Rio Grande do Sul), SE Bolivia, E Paraguay and NE Argentina (Misiones)
PHYLLOMYIAS Cabanis & F. Heine, Sr., 1860 M - Platyrhynchus brevirostris von Spix, 1825; type by subsequent designation (P.L. Sclater, 1888, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 14, p. 121).  76,77,78,79
Phyllomyias fasciatus Planalto Tyrannulet
1 cearae Hellmayr, 192780 iNE Brazil (Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte to Sergipe)
2 fasciatus (Thunberg, 1822) vE Brazil (Maranhão and W Bahia to SE Mato Grosso and S Goiás) and extreme NE Bolivia
2 brevirostris (von Spix, 1825) vSE Brazil (Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo to Rio Grande do Sul), E Paraguay and NE Argentina (Misiones)
Phyllomyias weedeni   Herzog, Kessler & Balderrama, 2008 Yungas Tyrannulet
iE slope of Andes of SE Peru (E Puno) and NW Bolivia (La Paz, SW Beni, W Cochabamba) [Herzog, 2008 #11855]
Phyllomyias burmeisteri Rough-legged Tyrannulet
1 zeledoni (Lawrence, 1869)81,82 αiMountains of Costa Rica and W Panama (Chiriquí)
2 wetmorei (Aveledo & A.R. Pons, 1953) iSierra de Perijá (Colombian-Venezuelan border)
2 viridiceps (J.T. Zimmer & W.H. Phelps, Sr., 1944) iW Coastal Range of Venezuela (Carabobo to Miranda)
2 bunites (Wetmore & W.H. Phelps, Jr., 1956) iTepuis of SE Venezuela (Chimantá Tepui in SE Bolívar)
2 leucogonys (P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 1871)83 iLocally on E slope of Andes of Colombia to SE Peru (NW Puno)
3 burmeisteri Cabanis & F. Heine, Sr., 186084 iE slope of Andes from W Bolivia (La Paz) to NW Argentina (Tucumán); SE Brazil (SE Bahia to N Rio Grande do Sul), SE Paraguay, NE Argentina (Misiones)
Phyllomyias virescens 85  (Temminck, 1824) Greenish Tyrannulet
iSE Brazil (S Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo to S Mato Grosso do Sul and C Rio Grande do Sul), SE Paraguay, NE Argentina (Misiones, N Corrientes)
Phyllomyias reiseri 86  Hellmayr, 1905 Reiser's Tyrannulet
iEC Brazil (S Piauí to NW Minas Gerais, Goiás and C Mato Grosso do Sul) and EC Paraguay (Concepción)
Phyllomyias urichi 87  (Chapman, 1899) Urich's Tyrannulet
iMountains of NE Venezuela (NE Anzoátegui, Sucre and N Monagas)
Phyllomyias sclateri Sclater's Tyrannulet
subtropicalis (Chapman, 1919) vE slope of Andes of SE Peru (Cuzco to Puno)
sclateri von Berlepsch, 1901 iE slope of Andes of W Bolivia (La Paz) to NW Argentina (Tucumán)
Phyllomyias griseocapilla 88  P.L. Sclater, 1862 Gray-capped Tyrannuletα
iSE Brazil (SC Bahia; SE Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo to NE Santa Catarina)
Phyllomyias griseiceps 89  (P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 1871) Sooty-headed Tyrannulet
iLocally in E Panama, N and WC Colombia, N and SE Venezuela, S Guyana, Surinam and N Brazil; SW Colombia to SW Ecuador; E Andean foothills of Ecuador and Peru
Phyllomyias plumbeiceps   (Lawrence, 1869) Plumbeous-crowned Tyrannulet
iLocally in Andes of Colombia, E slope of Andes of Ecuador to SE Peru (N Cuzco)
Phyllomyias nigrocapillus Black-capped Tyrannulet
flavimentum (Chapman, 1912) iSanta Marta Mts. (N Colombia)
nigrocapillus (Lafresnaye, 1845) iAndes of W Venezuela (SW Táchira) to NW and SE Peru (south to Cajamarca on W slope and N Cuzco on E slope)
aureus (J.T. Zimmer, 1941) vAndes of W Venezuela (S Lara to N Táchira)
Phyllomyias cinereiceps   (P.L. Sclater, 1860) Ashy-headed Tyrannulet
iAndes of W Venezuela (SW Táchira), Colombia (all three ranges), Ecuador (both slopes) and Peru (E slope south to Puno)
Phyllomyias uropygialis   (Lawrence, 1869) Tawny-rumped Tyrannulet
vAndes of W Venezuela, Colombia (Santander to W Meta in E Andes, Cauca and Nariño in W Andes), Ecuador (both slopes) and E slope from Peru to NW Argentina (N Salta)
PHAEOMYIAS von Berlepsch, 1902 F - Elainea incomta Cabanis & F. Heine, Sr., 1860; type by subsequent designation (C. Chubb, 1921, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 177).  
Phaeomyias murina90 Mouse-colored Tyrannulet
1 eremonoma Wetmore, 1953 vPacific slope of Panama (Chiriquí to Panamá)
1 incomta (Cabanis & F. Heine, Sr., 1860)91 αvN, C and E Colombia, NE Ecuador, Venezuela (except extreme S) and Trinidad
1 wagae (Taczanowski, 1884) iThe Guianas, Amazonian Brazil, E Peru and N Bolivia
1 murina (von Spix, 1825)92 vE and S Brazil (Maranhão, Ceará and Pernambuco to Mato Grosso and São Paulo), C and S Bolivia, Paraguay and NW Argentina
2 tumbezana (Taczanowski, 1877) vSW Ecuador (C Manabí to W Loja) and NW Peru (Tumbes, E Piura, NE Lambayeque)
2 inflava Chapman, 1924 vNW Peru (W Piura and W Lambayeque to N Lima)
2 maranonica J.T. Zimmer, 1941 vNC Peru (Marañón valley in W Amazonas, E Cajamarca and E La Libertad)
NESOTRICCUS C.H. Townsend, 1895 M - Nesotriccus ridgwayi C.H. Townsend, 1895; type by original designation  
Nesotriccus ridgwayi   C.H. Townsend, 1895 Cocos Island Flycatcher
iIsla de Coco (off SW Costa Rica)
PSEUDELAENIA W.E. Lanyon, 1988 F - Elainea leucospodia Taczanowski, 1877; type by monotypy  93
Pseudelaenia leucospodia 94  (Taczanowski, 1877) Gray-and-white Tyrannulet
vSW Ecuador (Isla la Plata, W Guayas, Isla Puná, SW Loja) and NW Peru (Tumbes to W Ancash)
MECOCERCULUS P.L. Sclater, 1862 M - Tyrannula setophagoides Bonaparte, 1845; type by monotypy  95
Mecocerculus poecilocercus 96  (P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 1873) White-tailed Tyrannulet
vAndes of Colombia to Peru (south on W slope to Piura and on E slope to Cuzco)
Mecocerculus hellmayri   von Berlepsch, 1907 Buff-banded Tyrannulet
iE slope of Andes of SE Peru (Puno) to NW Argentina (Jujuy)
Mecocerculus stictopterus White-banded Tyrannulet
albocaudatus W.H. Phelps, Sr. & Gilliard, 1941 vAndes of W Venezuela (Trujillo to Táchira)
stictopterus (P.L. Sclater, 1859)97 αvAndes of Colombia to N Peru (Piura, Cajamarca, Amazonas)
taeniopterus Cabanis, 1874 E slope of Andes of Peru (E La Libertad) to C Bolivia (W Santa Cruz)
Mecocerculus leucophrys White-throated Tyrannulet
notatus Todd, 1919 vW and C Andes of Colombia (south to Cauca)
setophagoides (Bonaparte, 1845)98 iSierra de Perijá; Andes of W Venezuela, E Andes of Colombia (south to Cundinamarca)
nigriceps Chapman, 189999 iSanta Marta Mts. (N Colombia); Coastal Range of Venezuela
roraimae Hellmayr, 1921 iTepuis of S and SE Venezuela (except Serranía Parú, Cerro Duida and Cerro Marahuaca) and adjacent N Brazil and W Guyana
parui W.H. Phelps & W.H. Phelps, Jr., 1950 iTepuis of S Venezuela (Serranía Parú)
chapmani Dickerman, 1985 Tepuis of S Venezuela (Cerro Duida and Cerro Marahuaca) [Dickerman, 1985 #1335]
rufomarginatus (Lawrence, 1869) vAndes of S Colombia (Nariño), Ecuador and NW Peru (Piura)
pallidior Carriker, 1933100 vW slope of Andes of WC Peru (Ancash, N Lima)
brunneomarginatus Chapman, 1924 vE slope of Andes of Peru (Amazonas to Cuzco)
leucophrys (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) iE slope of Andes of SE Peru (Puno) to NW Argentina (La Rioja)
Mecocerculus calopterus   (P.L. Sclater, 1859) Rufous-winged Tyrannulet
vAndes of Ecuador and N Peru (on W slope from Imbabura to Lambayeque, on E slope from Zamora-Chinchipe to San Martín)
Mecocerculus minor   (Taczanowski, 1879) Sulphur-bellied Tyrannulet
vAndes of W Venezuela (S Táchira), E Andes of Colombia to C Peru (Huánuco)
POLYSTICTUS Reichenbach, 1850 M - Platyrhynchus minimus Gould, 1839; type by subsequent monotypy (G.R. Gray, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 54). = Sylvia pectoralis Vieillot, 1817  101
Polystictus pectoralis Bearded Tachuri
1†? bogotensis (Chapman, 1915)102 vLocally in W and E Andes of Colombia (upper Dagua valley in Valle; Sabana de Bogotá in Cundinamarca)
2 brevipennis (von Berlepsch & E. Hartert, 1902)103 vLocally in E Colombia, SW, C and E Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam and N Brazil (Roraima, NW Pará, Amapá,)
3 pectoralis (Vieillot, 1817) vE Bolivia (Santa Cruz), S Brazil (S Mato Grosso to São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul), Paraguay, E Argentina (south to La Pampa and Buenos Aires) and Uruguay
Polystictus superciliaris   (zu Wied, 1831) Gray-backed Tachuri
vMountains of SE Brazil (C Bahia; S Minas Gerais to NE São Paulo)
CULICIVORA Swainson, 1827 F - Muscicapa stenura Temminck, 1822; type by original designation = Muscicapa caudacuta Vieillot, 1818  
Culicivora caudacuta   (Vieillot, 1818) Sharp-tailed Tyrant
vC and E Bolivia, S Brazil (S Mato Grosso to Minas Gerais and Paraná), E Paraguay and NE Argentina
PSEUDOCOLOPTERYX Lillo, 1905 F - Pseudocolopteryx dinellianus Lillo, 1905; type by monotypy  
Pseudocolopteryx sclateri   (Oustalet, 1892) Crested Doradito
iLocally in N Venezuela, Trinidad, Guyana, N and E Bolivia, N, S and SE Brazil, Paraguay and NE Argentina
Pseudocolopteryx acutipennis 104  (P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 1873) Subtropical Doradito
vLocally in Andes of Colombia (C and E ranges) and Ecuador, and on E slope from Peru to NW Argentina (La Rioja); mountains of NC Argentina (Córdoba); C Paraguay >> SE Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, N Argentina
Pseudocolopteryx dinelliana   Lillo, 1905 Dinelli's Doradito
vNC Argentina (SE Tucumán to NE Córdoba and W Santa Fé) >> S Bolivia, Paraguay and SW Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul)
Pseudocolopteryx flaviventris   (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) Warbling Doradito
vSE Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) and E Argentina (south to Buenos Aires) >> north to Paraguay
Pseudocolopteryx citreola 105  (Landbeck, 1864) Ticking Doradito
vC Chile (Valparaíso to Los Ríos) and WC Argentina (Mendoza to NW Chubut) >> north to Bolivia [Landbeck, 1864 #14476]
SERPOPHAGA Gould, 1839 F - Serpophaga albocoronata Gould, 1839; type by subsequent designation (G.R. Gray, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 50). = Muscicapa straminea Temminck, 1822  106
Serpophaga cinerea Torrent Tyrannulet
grisea Lawrence, 1871 vMountains of Costa Rica to WC Panama (Veraguas)
cinerea (von Tschudi, 1844) vSanta Marta Mts.; Sierra de Perijá; Andes of W Venezuela (Trujillo) to C Bolivia (W Santa Cruz)
Serpophaga hypoleuca River Tyrannulet
venezuelana J.T. Zimmer, 1940107 vExtreme E Colombia (R. Meta) and C Venezuela (R. Meta, R. Apure and R. Orinoco east to Anzoátegui)
hypoleuca P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 1866 vAlong R. Napo and R. Pastaza in E Ecuador and NE Peru, R. Amazon in NE Peru, SE Colombia and W Brazil, R. Marañón and R. Ucayali in E Peru, R. Madre de Dios in SE Peru and N Bolivia
pallida E. Snethlage, 1907 vE Amazonian Brazil (lower R. Amazon, lower R. Tapajós and R. Tocantins)
Serpophaga nigricans   (Vieillot, 1817) Sooty Tyrannulet
iS Bolivia (Tarija), E Paraguay and SE Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo) to C Argentina (N Río Negro, Buenos Aires)
Serpophaga subcristata White-crested Tyrannulet
subcristata (Vieillot, 1817) vE Bolivia (Santa Cruz), S Brazil (S Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul) and Paraguay to E Argentina (NE Chubut)
straminea (Temminck, 1822) vSE Brazil (S Piauí and Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul) and Uruguay
Serpophaga munda 108  von Berlepsch, 1893 White-bellied Tyrannulet
vAndes of W Bolivia and W Argentina >> east to coastal SE Brazil and Uruguay and north to NC Bolivia
Serpophaga griseicapilla   Straneck, 2008 Straneck's Tyrannulet
W Argentina (Salta to NW Chubut) >> E Bolivia, Paraguay, NE Argentina and W Uruguay [Straneck, 2008 #10948]
UROMYIAS Hellmayr, 1927 M - Euscarthmus agilis P.L. Sclater, 1856; type by original designation109
Uromyias agilis 110  (P.L. Sclater, 1856) Agile Tit Tyrant
vAndes of W Venezuela (Mérida, Táchira), C and E Andes of Colombia, Andes of N Ecuador (south to Cotopaxi on W slope and NE Loja on E slope)
Uromyias agraphia Unstreaked Tit Tyrant
plengei (Schulenberg & Graham, 1981) iAndes of N Peru (Cordillera de Colán in WC Amazonas) [Schulenberg, 1981 #3541]
squamiger O'Neill & T.A. Parker, 1976 δvE slope of Andes of C Peru (E La Libertad to Huánuco)
agraphia (Chapman, 1919) iAndes of SE Peru (Cuzco)
ANAIRETES Reichenbach, 1850 M - Muscicapa parulus von Kittlitz, 1830; type by subsequent designation (P.L. Sclater, 1888, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 14, p. 106).  111
Anairetes nigrocristatus 112  Taczanowski, 1884 Black-crested Tit Tyrant
vAndes of S Ecuador (S Loja) to N Peru (E Ancash, W Huánuco)
Anairetes reguloides113 Pied-crested Tit Tyrant
albiventris (Chapman, 1924) vCoast and W slope of Andes of W Peru (Ancash to Ica and W Ayacucho)
reguloides (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) iCoast and W slope of Andes of SW Peru (S Ayacucho) to NW Chile (Arica)
Anairetes alpinus Ash-breasted Tit Tyrant
alpinus (Carriker, 1933) vW slope of Andes of WC Peru (La Libertad, Ancash)
bolivianus (Carriker, 1935) vE slope of Andes of SE Peru (Cuzco, Apurímac) and NW Bolivia (La Paz)
Anairetes flavirostris Yellow-billed Tit Tyrant
huancabambae (Chapman, 1924) iAndes of N Peru (Piura and Cajamarca to Ancash and Junín)
arequipae (Chapman, 1926) iW slope of Andes of W Peru (Lima) to NW Chile (Tarapacá)
cuzcoensis (Chapman, 1924) vAndes of SE Peru (Cuzco)
flavirostris P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 1876 vAndes of Bolivia to SC Argentina (N Chubut) >> east to Buenos Aires and Entre Ríos
Anairetes parulus Tufted Tit Tyrant
aequatorialis von Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1884 vAndes from S Colombia (Cauca) to NW Argentina (Jujuy)
parulus (von Kittlitz, 1830) iN Chile (Atacama) and W Argentina (W Neuquén) to Tierra del Fuego
patagonicus (Hellmayr, 1920) vC and S Argentina (S Mendoza to N Santa Cruz)
Anairetes fernandezianus 114  (R.A. Philippi, Sr., 1857) Juan Fernandez Tit Tyrant
vIsla Robinson Crusoe (Juan Fernández Arch.)
MUSCIGRALLINAE115
MUSCIGRALLA d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837 F - Muscigralla brevicauda d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837; type by monotypy  
Muscigralla brevicauda   d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837 Short-tailed Field Tyrant
iSW Ecuador (Isla la Plata and S Guayas) to N Chile (N Arica)
GENERA INCERTAE SEDIS116
ATTILA Lesson, 1831 M - Attila brasiliensis Lesson, 1831; type by monotypy = Muscicapa spadicea J.F. Gmelin, 1789  117
Attila phoenicurus   von Pelzeln, 1868 Rufous-tailed Attila
vSE Brazil (Rio de Janeiro to Rio Grande do Sul), SE Paraguay and NE Argentina (Misiones) >> S Venezuela and C Amazonian Brazil
Attila cinnamomeus   (J.F. Gmelin, 1789) Cinnamon Attila
vSW, S and NE Venezuela, the Guianas, E and S Colombia, E Ecuador, E Peru (south to C Ucayali), Amazonian Brazil and NW Bolivia (Pando)
Attila torridus   P.L. Sclater, 1860 Ochraceous Attila
vSW Colombia (SW Nariño) to NW Peru (Tumbes)
Attila citriniventris   P.L. Sclater, 1859 Citron-bellied Attila
vE Colombia (E Guainía, E Vaupés, E Amazonas), S Venezuela (C and S Amazonas), E Ecuador, NE Peru (Loreto) and W Amazonian Brazil (east to R. Negro and R. Juruá)
Attila bolivianus Dull-capped Attila/White-eyed Attila
nattereri Hellmayr, 1902 iAlong R. Amazon in NE Peru (NE Loreto), extreme SE Colombia (SE Amazonas) and through N Brazil (east to NE Pará, including lower reaches of major tributaries on south bank)
bolivianus Lafresnaye, 1848 vE Peru (north to S Loreto), Amazonian Brazil (upper R. Juruá and upper R. Purus to SW Mato Grosso), N and E Bolivia
Attila rufus Gray-hooded Attila
hellmayri O.M. de O. Pinto, 1935 iE Brazil (SE Bahia)
rufus (Vieillot, 1819) vSE Brazil (E Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo to NE Rio Grande do Sul)
Attila spadiceus118 Bright-rumped Attila
pacificus Hellmayr, 1929 vPacific slope of W and SW Mexico (extreme S Sonora to W Oaxaca)
cozumelae Ridgway, 1885 iIsla de Cozumel (off Yucatan Pen.)
gaumeri Salvin & Godman, 1891 iSE Mexico (Yucatán, N Quintana Roo, Isla Holbox, Isla Mujeres)
flammulatus Lafresnaye, 1848 vSE Mexico (S Veracruz, N and SE Oaxaca to S Quintana Roo and Chiapas), Guatemala, Belize and NC Honduras
salvadorensis Dickey & van Rossem, 1929 vEl Salvador to NW Nicaragua
citreopyga (Bonaparte, 1854) iE Honduras and Nicaragua to WC Panama (Veraguas)
sclateri Lawrence, 1862 iC Panama (Colón, E Coclé) to NW Colombia (upper Sinú valley)
caniceps Todd, 1917 iN Colombia (N Córdoba to Bolívar, south in Magdalena valley to E Antioquia)
parvirostris J.A. Allen, 1900 vN Colombia (Magdalena) to NW Venezuela (W and S Zulia, N Táchira)
parambae E. Hartert, 1900 iNW Colombia (C Chocó) to NW Ecuador (N Manabí, Pichincha)
spadiceus (J.F. Gmelin, 1789) vE Ecuador, SE Colombia, W, N and S Venezuela, the Guianas, Amazonian Brazil, Peru and N Bolivia
uropygiatus (zu Wied, 1831) vCoastal E Brazil (Alagoas; SE Bahia to E Rio de Janeiro)
LEGATUS P.L. Sclater, 1859 M - Muscicapa legatus M.H.C. Lichtenstein, 1823; type by original designation and tautonymy = Platyrhynchos leucophaius Vieillot, 1818  
Legatus leucophaius Piratic Flycatcher
variegatus (P.L. Sclater, 1857)119 vE and S Mexico (SE San Luis Potosí and N Oaxaca to S Campeche and S Quintana Roo; S Chiapas), N and C Guatemala, Belize, N and E Honduras
leucophaius (Vieillot, 1818) vNicaragua to Panama and South America south to SW Ecuador (E Guayas), C Peru, N Argentina (Tucumán, Formosa, Misiones) and SE Brazil (N Rio Grande do Sul)
RAMPHOTRIGON G.R. Gray, 1855 N - Platyrhynchus ruficauda von Spix, 1825; type by original designation  120
Ramphotrigon megacephalum Large-headed Flatbill
pectorale J.T. Zimmer & W.H. Phelps, Sr., 1947 vS Venezuela (S Amazonas), SE Colombia, NE and SE Ecuador
venezuelense W.H. Phelps, Sr. & Gilliard, 1941 vW Venezuela (W Trujillo, extreme W Apure, W Barinas, NE Yaracuy, N Aragua)
bolivianum J.T. Zimmer, 1939 vSE Peru (E Ucayali to N Puno), S Amazonian Brazil (R. Juruá to lower R. Araguaia) and N Bolivia (Pando to NE Cochabamba; NE Santa Cruz)
megacephalum (Swainson, 1835)121 αvSE Brazil (Espírito Santo and S Minas Gerais to E São Paulo, S Paraná and Santa Catarina), NE Argentina (N Misiones) and extreme E Paraguay
Ramphotrigon ruficauda   (von Spix, 1825) Rufous-tailed Flatbill
iS and E Venezuela, the Guianas and Amazonia
Ramphotrigon fuscicauda   Chapman, 1925 Dusky-tailed Flatbill
iSW Colombia (SW Putumayo) to NE Ecuador (E Napo, W Orellana); SE Peru (Ucayali) to SW Brazil (Acre) and NW Bolivia (Pando, N La Paz); very local in Amazonian Brazil and E Bolivia
DELTARHYNCHUS Ridgway, 1893 M - Myiarchus flammulatus Lawrence, 1875; type by original designation  
Deltarhynchus flammulatus   (Lawrence, 1875) Flammulated Flycatcher
vPacific slope of W and S Mexico (S Sinaloa to W Chiapas)
TYRANNINAE - Tribe TYRANNINI
PITANGUS Swainson, 1827 M - Tyrannus sulphuratus Vieillot, 1807; type by original designation = Lanius sulphuratus Linnaeus, 1766  
Pitangus sulphuratus122 Great Kiskadee
texanus van Rossem, 1940 vS USA (SE Texas) and E Mexico (E Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, N and C Veracruz)
derbianus (Kaup, 1852) vW Mexico (S Sonora to Zacatecas and S Oaxaca)
guatimalensis (Lafresnaye, 1852) vSE Mexico (S Veracruz, N and SE Oaxaca) to EC Panama (Colón, C Panamá)
rufipennis (Lafresnaye, 1851) vN Colombia (N Sucre to Guajira), N and C Venezuela (Zulia to W Sucre, W Monagas, N Bolívar and N Amazonas)
caucensis Chapman, 1914 vNC and WC Colombia (Córdoba to Bolívar and south in Cauca and Magdalena valleys)
trinitatis Hellmayr, 1906 iE Colombia, E and S Venezuela (E Sucre, E Monagas, Delta Amacuro, E and S Bolívar, S Amazonas), NW Brazil (NE Roraima) and Trinidad
sulphuratus (Linnaeus, 1766) vSE Colombia, E Ecuador, SE Peru, N and C Amazonian Brazil, the Guianas123
maximiliani (Cabanis & F. Heine, Sr., 1860)124 iE and S Brazil (Maranhão and Piauí to Mato Grosso and Santa Catarina), N and E Bolivia, W Paraguay
bolivianus (Lafresnaye, 1852) vE Andean slopes of Bolivia (Cochabamba to Tarija)
argentinus Todd, 1952 vE Paraguay, SE Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul), Uruguay, N and C Argentina (south to E Mendoza and E Río Negro)
Pitangus lictor125 Lesser Kiskadee
panamensis Bangs & T.E. Penard, 1918 vE Panama and N Colombia (N Chocó to W Guajira, south to NE Antioquia and NW Santander)
lictor (M.H.C. Lichtenstein, 1823) iVenezuela, the Guianas, E Colombia, E Ecuador, E Peru, N Bolivia, Amazonian and E Brazil
MACHETORNIS G.R. Gray, 1841 F - Chrysolophus ambulans Swainson, 1826; type by monotypy = Tyrannus rixosus Vieillot, 1819  
Machetornis rixosa Cattle Tyrant
flavigularis Todd, 1912 vN Colombia (NW Antioquia to Guajira, south to Bolívar) and N Venezuela (Zulia to W Delta Amacuro, south to Guárico and N Bolívar)
obscurodorsalis W.H. Phelps & W.H. Phelps, Jr., 1948126 vE Colombia (Meta to Arauca and Vichada) and SW Venezuela (Barinas, W Apure and S Cojedes)
rixosa (Vieillot, 1819) vE and S Brazil, N and E Bolivia, Paraguay, N Argentina (south to San Luis and N Buenos Aires), Uruguay
TYRANNOPSIS Ridgway, 1905 F - Muscicapa sulphurea von Spix, 1825; type by original designation  
Tyrannopsis sulphurea   (von Spix, 1825) Sulphury Flycatcher
vE and SE Colombia, S and E Venezuela, Trinidad, the Guianas, E Ecuador, E Peru, Amazonian Brazil and NW Bolivia
MEGARYNCHUS Thunberg, 1824 M - Lanius pitangua Linnaeus, 1766; type by subsequent designation (Heine, 1859, Journ. f. Ornith., 7, p. 340).  
Megarynchus pitangua127 Boat-billed Flycatcher
tardiusculus R.T. Moore, 1941 vW Mexico (S Sinaloa and W Nayarit)
caniceps Ridgway, 1906 iSW Mexico (W Jalisco)
deserticola Griscom, 1930 iC Guatemala (Negro valley)
mexicanus (Lafresnaye, 1851) vE and SW Mexico (S Tamaulipas, S Guerrero) to Panama and extreme NW Colombia (NW Chocó)
chrysogaster P.L. Sclater, 1860 iNW Ecuador (Esmeraldas) to NW Peru (Tumbes)
pitangua (Linnaeus, 1766) iN, C and E Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, the Guianas, E Ecuador, E Peru, Brazil, N and E Bolivia, Paraguay and NE Argentina (south to E Formosa and Corrientes)
MYIODYNASTES Bonaparte, 1857 M - Myiodynastes audax Bonaparte, 1857; type by monotypy = Muscicapa maculata Statius Muller, 1776  
Myiodynastes hemichrysus   (Cabanis, 1861) Golden-bellied Flycatcher
vMountains of Costa Rica to WC Panama (Veraguas)
Myiodynastes chrysocephalus128 Golden-crowned Flycatcher
cinerascens Todd, 1912 iSanta Marta Mts.; Sierra de Perijá; Andes and mountains of N Venezuela (C Falcón to Sucre and N Monagas)
minor Taczanowski & von Berlepsch, 1885 vMountains of E Panama (Darién); Andes of Colombia, Ecuador and NW Peru (Piura, N Cajamarca)
chrysocephalus (von Tschudi, 1844) vE slope of Andes of N Peru (S Amazonas) to NW Argentina (N Salta)
Myiodynastes bairdii 129  (Gambel, 1847) Baird's Flycatcher
iSW Ecuador (C Manabí) to W Peru (N Lima)
Myiodynastes luteiventris   P.L. Sclater, 1859 Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher
vSW USA (mountains of SE Arizona), W, E and S Mexico to C Costa Rica >> E Ecuador, E Peru, extreme W Brazil, N and C Bolivia
Myiodynastes maculatus130,131 Streaked Flycatcher
1 insolens Ridgway, 1887 iE and SE Mexico, N Guatemala, Belize and NW Honduras >> N South America
1 nobilis P.L. Sclater, 1859 vN Colombia (Córdoba to Magdalena and Cesar)
1 difficilis J.T. Zimmer, 1937 vW Costa Rica, Panama, NW and C Colombia (N Chocó, Cauca valley, middle and upper Magdalena valley) and W Venezuela (east to W Falcón, W Portuguesa and W Barinas)
1 chapmani J.T. Zimmer, 1937 iLocally from NW Colombia (S Chocó) to NW Peru (N Lambayeque)
1 maculatus (Statius Muller, 1776) vE Ecuador, NE Peru, W and N Amazonian Brazil, Surinam, French Guiana
1 tobagensis J.T. Zimmer, 1937 vVenezuela (except W), Trinidad, Tobago, Guyana
2 solitarius (Vieillot, 1819) vSE Peru, E Bolivia, C, E and S Brazil, Paraguay, N and C Argentina (south to N La Pampa and N Buenos Aires) and Uruguay >> Amazonia and the Guianas
MYIOZETETES P.L. Sclater, 1859 M - Muscicapa cayanensis Linnaeus, 1766; type by original designation  
Myiozetetes cayanensis Rusty-margined Flycatcher
rufipennis Lawrence, 1869 vN Venezuela (east of Andes and north of R. Orinoco) and E Colombia (Norte de Santander to Caquetá and N Vaupés)
hellmayri E. Hartert & Goodson, 1917 iE Panama, N, W and C Colombia (west of E Andes), W Venezuela (Zulia to W Táchira and W Lara), W Ecuador (south to W Loja)
cayanensis (Linnaeus, 1766) vS Venezuela (south of R. Orinoco), the Guianas, N and C Brazil (Roraima to Piauí, south to E Acre and W Minas Gerais), N Bolivia, SE Peru (E Madre de Dios)
erythropterus (Lafresnaye, 1853) vSE Brazil (E and S Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro)
Myiozetetes similis132 Social Flycatcher
1 primulus van Rossem, 1930 iNW Mexico (S Sonora to N Sinaloa)
1 hesperis A.R. Phillips, 1966 vW and SW Mexico (S Sinaloa to S Oaxaca, east to S Zacatecas and SW Puebla)
1 texensis (Giraud, 1841) vE and S Mexico (SW Tamaulipas to Chiapas and Yucatan Pen.) to Costa Rica (except SW)
2 columbianus Cabanis & F. Heine, Sr., 1860133 vSW Costa Rica, Panama, N and C Colombia (N Antioquia to Guajira and Magdalena valley) and N Venezuela (south to N Amazonas and N Bolívar)
2 similis (von Spix, 1825) vS Venezuela (S Amazonas, S Bolívar), E Colombia (east of E Andes), E Ecuador, N and E Peru, N Bolivia, Amazonian Brazil (east to Amapá, R. Tapajós and lower R. Tocantins) and French Guiana
2 grandis Lawrence, 1871134 vNW Ecuador (Esmeraldas) to NW Peru (Tumbes)
2 pallidiventris O.M. de O. Pinto, 1935 vE Brazil (NE Pará to Rio Grande do Norte, south to Mato Grosso do Sul and N Rio Grande do Sul), E Paraguay and NE Argentina
Myiozetetes granadensis Gray-capped Flycatcher
granadensis Lawrence, 1862 vE Honduras to EC Panama (Colón, Panamá)
occidentalis J.T. Zimmer, 1937135 vE Panama (E Comarca Guna Yala, Darién), NC and W Colombia and W Ecuador (south to N Manabí and SW Pichincha)
obscurior Todd, 1925 vS Venezuela, E and SE Colombia, E Ecuador, E Peru, W Amazonian Brazil and N Bolivia
Myiozetetes luteiventris Dusky-chested Flycatcher
luteiventris (P.L. Sclater, 1858) vS Venezuela (C Bolívar, Amazonas), SE Colombia, E Ecuador, E Peru, W and S Amazonian Brazil and NW Bolivia (Pando, N La Paz)
septentrionalis Blake, 1961136 vSurinam, French Guiana and N Brazil (Amapá)
CONOPIAS Cabanis & F. Heine, Sr., 1860 M - Tyrannula superciliosa Swainson, 1836; type by monotypy = Muscicapa trivirgata zu Wied, 1831  137
Conopias albovittatus138 White-ringed Flycatcher
distinctus (Ridgway, 1908)139 vCaribbean slope from E Honduras to Costa Rica
albovittatus (Lawrence, 1862) vC Panama (E Colón, C Panamá) to W Colombia and NW Ecuador (Esmeraldas, NW Pichincha)
Conopias parvus 140  (von Pelzeln, 1868) Yellow-throated Flycatcher
vS and E Venezuela, SE Colombia, NE Ecuador, NE Peru, N Bolivia (Pando), N and W Amazonian Brazil (east to Amapá and lower R. Tapajós) and the Guianas
Conopias trivirgatus Three-striped Flycatcher
1 berlepschi E. Snethlage, 1914141 iLocally in S Venezuela (SW Bolívar), NE Ecuador (E Sucumbíos, E Orellana), E Peru, W and C Amazonian Brazil (lower and middle R. Amazon; N Maranhão) and C Bolivia (NE Cochabamba)
2 trivirgatus (zu Wied, 1831) vSE Brazil (SE Bahia to Paraná), SE Paraguay and NE Argentina (Misiones, NE Corrientes)
Conopias cinchoneti Lemon-browed Flycatcher
icterophrys (Lafresnaye, 1845) iSierra de Perijá; locally in Andes of W Venezuela, Colombia and N Ecuador (Carchi)
cinchoneti (von Tschudi, 1844) iE slope of Andes of N Ecuador (W Sucumbíos) to S Peru (Cuzco)
PHELPSIA W.E. Lanyon, 1984 F - Myiozetetes inornatus Lawrence, 1869; type by original designation and monotypy  142
Phelpsia inornata   (Lawrence, 1869) White-bearded Flycatcher
vN and C Venezuela (S Carabobo to NE Anzoátegui and Delta Amacuro, south to Apure and N Bolívar) and NE Colombia (Arauca)
EMPIDONOMUS Cabanis & F. Heine, Sr., 1860 M - Muscicapa varia Vieillot, 1818; type by monotypy  143
Empidonomus varius Variegated Flycatcher
1 varius (Vieillot, 1818) vC and E Bolivia, S and SE Brazil (north to Mato Grosso, Goiás and Minas Gerais), Paraguay, N Argentina and Uruguay >> NE Peru, E Ecuador, E Colombia, Venezuela and the Guianas
2 rufinus (von Spix, 1825)144 vSW, E and S Venezuela (W Barinas to E Falcón, east to Delta Amacuro and south through Bolívar and Amazonas), the Guianas, N and E Brazil (west to R. Negro and R. Madeira, south to Bahia)
GRISEOTYRANNUS W.E. Lanyon, 1984 M - Tyrannus aurantioatrocristatus d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837; type by original designation and monotypy145
Griseotyrannus aurantioatrocristatus146 Crowned Slaty Flycatcher
pallidiventris (Hellmayr, 1929) vEC Brazil (E Pará and N Mato Grosso to Piauí and Tocantins)
aurantioatrocristatus (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) vN and E Bolivia, S and SE Brazil (S Mato Grosso to C Minas Gerais, W São Paulo and W Rio Grande do Sul), Paraguay, N and C Argentina, W Uruguay >> W Amazonia
TYRANNUS Lacépède, 1799 M - Lanius tyrannus Linnaeus, 1758; type by tautonymy  147
Tyrannus niveigularis   P.L. Sclater, 1860 Snowy-throated Kingbird
vW Ecuador (C Manabí) to NW Peru (N La Libertad) >> north to SW Colombia (SW Nariño)
Tyrannus albogularis   Burmeister, 1856 White-throated Kingbird
vSE Venezuela (SE Bolívar), the Guianas, C Brazil (Amapá, NE Pará; Tocantins and W Bahia to Mato Grosso do Sul and São Paulo) and N Bolivia >> west to SE Colombia, E Peru and W Amazonian Brazil
Tyrannus melancholicus Tropical Kingbird
satrapa (Cabanis & F. Heine, Sr., 1860)148,149 iS USA (SE Arizona, SE Texas) to N Colombia and N Venezuela; Netherlands Antilles, Trinidad, Tobago and Grenada
despotes (M.H.C. Lichtenstein, 1823) iNE Brazil (Amapá to Rio Grande do Norte and Bahia)
melancholicus Vieillot, 1819 vColombia (except N), S and SE Venezuela and the Guianas south to W Peru (Lima), C Argentina (N Río Negro) and Uruguay
Tyrannus couchii   S.F. Baird, 1858 Couch's Kingbird
iS USA (SE Texas), E and SE Mexico (E Nuevo León and Tamaulipas to N Oaxaca, N Chiapas and Yucatan Pen.), N Guatemala, Belize
Tyrannus vociferans Cassin's Kingbird
vociferans Swainson, 1826 iWC and SW USA, highlands of Mexico (N Baja California; NE Sonora, Chihuahua and W Colima to C Oaxaca) >> south to S Baja California, W Mexico and Guatemala
xenopterus Griscom, 1934150 vMountains of SW Mexico (Sierra Madre del Sur in Guerrero)
Tyrannus crassirostris 151  Swainson, 1826 Thick-billed Kingbird
vSW USA (SE Arizona, SW New Mexico) to SW Mexico (W and C Oaxaca) >> south to S Mexico (W Chiapas)
Tyrannus verticalis 152  Say, 1822 Western Kingbirdα
vSW and SC Canada, W and C USA and N Mexico >> Pacific slope of S Mexico to Costa Rica
Tyrannus tyrannus   (Linnaeus, 1758) Eastern Kingbird
iW and S Canada, NW, C and E USA >> W Amazonia to N Argentina
Tyrannus dominicensis Gray Kingbird
dominicensis (J.F. Gmelin, 1788) vCoastal SE USA (South Carolina to SE Mississippi), Bahamas, Greater Antilles; C Venezuela, Curaçao, Bonaire, Trinidad, Tobago >> Panama to N Guianas (northern birds)
vorax Vieillot, 1819153 iLesser Antilles
Tyrannus caudifasciatus Loggerhead Kingbird
bahamensis (H. Bryant, 1864) vGrand Bahama, Great Abaco, New Providence, Andros (N Bahamas)
caudifasciatus d'Orbigny, 1839154 vCuba, Isla de la Juventud
caymanensis (Nicoll, 1904) vCayman Is.
jamaicensis (Chapman, 1892) vJamaica
taylori (P.L. Sclater, 1864)155 iPuerto Rico, Vieques I.
gabbii (Lawrence, 1876)156 iHispaniola
Tyrannus cubensis   Richmond, 1898 Giant Kingbird
vCuba, Isla de la Juventud
Tyrannus forficatus   (J.F. Gmelin, 1789) Scissor-tailed Flycatcher
vSC USA (SE Colorado, S Nebraska, W Missouri to Texas and W Louisiana) and NE Mexico (N Coahuila to N Tamaulipas) >> S and SE Mexico along Pacific slope to W Panama; S Florida
Tyrannus savana Fork-tailed Flycatcher
monachus Hartlaub, 1844 iLocally from S Mexico (S Veracruz, N Oaxaca) to C and E Colombia, Venezuela an N Brazil (Roraima, lower R. Negro); S Surinam
sanctaemartae (J.T. Zimmer, 1937) iN Colombia (E Córdoba to Guajira) and NW Venezuela (NW Zulia)
circumdatus (J.T. Zimmer, 1937) vN Brazil (along south bank of middle and lower R. Amazon)
savana Daudin, 1802157 αiN and E Bolivia, S and SE Brazil, Paraguay, N and C Argentina, Uruguay >> Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, Amazonia [Daudin, 1802 #8921]
TYRANNINAE158 - Tribe MYIARCHINI158
RHYTIPTERNA Reichenbach, 1850 F - Tyrannus calcaratus Swainson, 1826; type by subsequent monotypy (G.R. Gray, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 49). = Muscicapa simplex M.H.C. Lichtenstein, 1823  
Rhytipterna holerythra Rufous Mourner
holerythra (P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 1860) vS Mexico (N Oaxaca) to Panama and NC Colombia (east to N Santander)
rosenbergi (E. Hartert, 1905) iW Colombia (S Chocó) to NW Ecuador (Esmeraldas, SW Imbabura)
Rhytipterna simplex159 Grayish Mourner
frederici (Bangs & T.E. Penard, 1918) iS and E Venezuela, the Guianas and Amazonia
simplex (M.H.C. Lichtenstein, 1823) iE Brazil (Alagoas to E Minas Gerais and SW São Paulo)
Rhytipterna immunda   (P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 1873) Pale-bellied Mourner
vLocally in E Colombia, S Venezuela and C Amazonian Brazil; S Guyana; NE Surinam, N French Guiana, N Brazil (N Amapá)
CASIORNIS Des Murs, 1856 M - Casiornis typus Des Murs, 1856; type by monotypy = Thamnophilus rufus Vieillot, 1816  
Casiornis rufus 160  (Vieillot, 1816) Rufous Casiornis
vC and S Brazil (S Mato Grosso to C Minas Gerais and São Paulo), N and E Bolivia, Paraguay and N Argentina >> north to SE Peru and NE Brazil
Casiornis fuscus   P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 1873 Ash-throated Casiornis
vNE Brazil (NE Pará to Rio Grande do Norte, south to Tocantins and N Minas Gerais)
SIRYSTES Cabanis & F. Heine, Sr., 1860 M - Muscicapa sibilator Vieillot, 1818; type by monotypy  161
Sirystes albogriseus 162  (Lawrence, 1863) Choco Sirystes
vEC Panama (E Colón, C Panamá) to NW Colombia (N Chocó to W Córdoba); NW Ecuador (Esmeraldas to N Manabí and W Pichincha)
Sirystes albocinereus 163  P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 1880 White-rumped Sirystes
vSW Venezuela (SE Portuguesa to SE Táchira), EC Colombia (W Arauca to Putumayo), E Ecuador, NE and E Peru, W Brazil (SW Amazonas, Acre) and NW Bolivia
Sirystes subcanescens 164  Todd, 1920 Todd's Sirystes
The Guianas and N Amazonian Brazil (north of R. Amazon, west to R. Negro)
Sirystes sibilator Sibilant Sirystes
sibilator (Vieillot, 1818) iE and SE Brazil (E Maranhão and Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul), E Paraguay and NE Argentina (Misiones, NE Corrientes)
atimastus Oberholser, 1902 vSW Brazil (S Mato Grosso)
MYIARCHUS Cabanis, 1844 M - Muscicapa ferox J.F. Gmelin, 1789; type by subsequent designation (G.R. Gray, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 49).  165
Myiarchus semirufus   P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 1878 Rufous Flycatcher
vLocally in NW Peru (Tumbes to SW Ancash)
Myiarchus swainsoni166 Swainson's Flycatcher
swainsoni Cabanis & F. Heine, Sr., 1860167 iE Paraguay and SE Brazil (São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro) to NE Argentina (Misiones) and Uruguay >> E Colombia, Venezuela and Trinidad to NE Brazil
phaeonotus Salvin & Godman, 1883168 vS and E Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar, Delta Amacuro), W Guyana and N Brazil (upper R. Negro to upper R. Branco)
pelzelni von Berlepsch, 1883 iC and E Brazil (west to E Pará, Rondônia and N Mato Grosso do Sul), N and E Bolivia; SE Peru (middle Urubamba valley in N Cuzco)
ferocior Cabanis, 1883 vS Bolivia (SW Santa Cruz to E Tarija), W Paraguay and N Argentina (south to N La Pampa, Santa Fé and N Buenos Aires) >> W Amazonia
Myiarchus cephalotes Pale-edged Flycatcher
caribbaeus Hellmayr, 1925 vN end of Andes and Coastal Range of Venezuela (Trujillo, Lara; Aragua to Sucre and N Monagas)
cephalotes Taczanowski, 1880169 αiAndes of Colombia, E slope of Andes of Ecuador to C Bolivia (W Santa Cruz)
Myiarchus phaeocephalus170,171 Sooty-crowned Flycatcher
phaeocephalus P.L. Sclater, 1860 vNW Ecuador (W Esmeraldas) to NW Peru (N Lambayeque)
interior J.T. Zimmer, 1938 vExtreme S Ecuador (S Zamora-Chinchipe) and NW Peru (Marañón valley in NE Cajamarca and NW Amazonas)
Myiarchus panamensis Panama Flycatcher
actiosus Ridgway, 1906 vCoastal W Costa Rica (Golfo de Nicoya to just north of Osa Pen.)
panamensis Lawrence, 1861172 αvSW Costa Rica (Golfo Dulce), Panama, N and W Colombia (Chocó to Cesar, south to W Nariño, N Antioquia and Huila), NW Venezuela (Maracaibo basin)
Myiarchus ferox173 Short-crested Flycatcher
brunnescens J.T. Zimmer & W.H. Phelps, Sr., 1946 iNE Colombia (Arauca) and SW Venezuela (E Táchira and Portuguesa to NW Amazonas and NW Bolívar)
ferox (J.F. Gmelin, 1789) iE Ecuador, SE Colombia, the Guianas, Brazil (south to N Mato Grosso, N Goiás and Bahia), E Peru and N Bolivia
australis Hellmayr, 1927 vE Bolivia, S Brazil (S Mato Grosso, S Goiás and S Minas Gerais to Santa Catarina and SW Rio Grande do Sul), E Paraguay, NE Argentina (Misiones, Corrientes)
Myiarchus venezuelensis 174  Lawrence, 1865 Venezuelan Flycatcher
vN Colombia (N Sucre to Guajira; NE Norte de Santander), N Venezuela (N Zulia to Miranda; Isla de Margarita; NE Bolívar), Tobago
Myiarchus tuberculifer175 Dusky-capped Flycatcher
olivascens Ridgway, 1884 iSW USA (SE Arizona, SW New Mexico) to W Mexico (N Nayarit) >> south to S Mexico (Oaxaca)
lawrenceii (Giraud, 1841) iE Mexico (SE Nuevo León and S Tamaulipas to Tabasco and Chiapas), Guatemala, El Salvador
querulus Nelson, 1904 vSW Mexico (S Sinaloa to Oaxaca); Islas Marías
platyrhynchus Ridgway, 1885 vIsla de Cozumel (off Yucatan Pen.)
manens Parkes, 1982 iSE Mexico (Campeche, Yucatán, Quintana Roo) and N Belize [Parkes, 1982 #2937]
connectens W. deW. Miller & Griscom, 1925 iN Guatemala and S Belize to N and C Nicaragua
littoralis J.T. Zimmer, 1953 vPacific slope of Nicaragua and NW Costa Rica
nigricapillus Cabanis, 1861 iSE Nicaragua and Costa Rica (except extreme NW) to WC Panama (Veraguas)
brunneiceps Lawrence, 1861 iC Panama (Colón, Panamá) to NW and W Colombia (Chocó and Antioquia to Valle and Huila)
pallidus J.T. Zimmer & W.H. Phelps, Sr., 1946 vN Colombia (Córdoba to Guajira and Norte de Santander), W and N Venezuela (north of R. Orinoco)
tuberculifer (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) iS and E Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar, Delta Amacuro), Trinidad, the Guianas and Amazonia; E Brazil (Pernambuco and E Bahia to Rio de Janeiro)
nigriceps P.L. Sclater, 1860 iSW Colombia (Cauca) to W Ecuador (Guayas)
atriceps Cabanis, 1883 iAndes of S Ecuador (El Oro, Zamora-Chinchipe) south on west slope to WC Peru (C Lima) and on east slope to NW Argentina (Tucumán)
Myiarchus barbirostris 176  (Swainson, 1827) Sad Flycatcher
vJamaica
Myiarchus validus   Cabanis, 1847 Rufous-tailed Flycatcher
vJamaica
Myiarchus nuttingi Nutting's Flycatcher
inquietus Salvin & Godman, 1889 vW, S and C Mexico (WC Sonora to Oaxaca and C Chiapas; S San Luis Potosí to Hidalgo)
nuttingi Ridgway, 1882 iLocally in arid interior valleys of S Mexico (SE Oaxaca and Chiapas), Guatemala, Honduras, WC Nicaragua and NW Costa Rica
flavidior van Rossem, 1936 vPacific lowlands of S Mexico (Chiapas) to W Nicaragua
Myiarchus sagrae La Sagra's Flycatcher
sagrae (Gundlach, 1852) iCuba, Isla de la Juventud, Cayman Is. (Grand Cayman)
lucaysiensis (H. Bryant, 1867) vGrand Bahama, Great Abaco, Andros, New Providence, Green Cay, Great Inagua (Bahamas)
Myiarchus stolidus177 Stolid Flycatcher
dominicensis (H. Bryant, 1867) vHispaniola, Ile de la Gonâve, Ile de la Tortue, Isla Beata
stolidus (Gosse, 1847) vJamaica
Myiarchus antillarum   (H. Bryant, 1866) Puerto Rican Flycatcher
iPuerto Rico, Vieques I., Isla de Culebra, Virgin Is. (St. Thomas, St. John, Tortola, Virgin Gorda)
Myiarchus oberi Lesser Antillean Flycatcher
oberi Lawrence, 1877 iGuadeloupe and Dominica (Lesser Antilles)
sanctaeluciae Hellmayr & von Seilern, 1915 iSt. Lucia (Lesser Antilles)
berlepschii Cory, 1888 iSt. Kitts, Nevis, Barbuda (Lesser Antilles)
sclateri Lawrence, 1879 iMartinique (Lesser Antilles)
Myiarchus yucatanensis178 Yucatan Flycatcher
yucatanensis Lawrence, 1871 vSE Mexico (extreme E Tabasco, W Campeche, Yucatán)
navai Parkes, 1982 iSE Mexico (SE Campeche, S Quintana Roo), N Guatemala and N Belize [Parkes, 1982 #2937]
lanyoni Parkes & A.R. Phillips, 1967 iIsla de Cozumel (off Yucatan Pen.)
Myiarchus crinitus   (Linnaeus, 1758) Great Crested Flycatcher
vS Canada (EC Manitoba to Nova Scotia) and E USA (west to C North Dakota and C Texas) >> SE USA (S Florida); S Mexico to W and N Colombia and NW Venezuela
Myiarchus cinerascens179 Ash-throated Flycatcher
cinerascens (Lawrence, 1851) iW and SC USA (C Washington to California and W Texas) to NW and C Mexico (N Baja California; Sonora; NE Jalisco, Guanajuato) >> NE, W and S Mexico to Honduras
pertinax S.F. Baird, 1860180,181 αiNW Mexico (S Baja California)
Myiarchus nugator   Riley, 1904 Grenada Flycatcher
iSt. Vincent, the Grenadines, Grenada (S Lesser Antilles)
Myiarchus tyrannulus182,183,184,185 Brown-crested Flycatcher
1 magister Ridgway, 1884 iSW USA (S California, S Nevada and SW Utah to SW New Mexico), W and SW Mexico (Sonora and W Chihuahua to C Oaxaca); Islas Marías
1 cooperi S.F. Baird, 1858 iSC USA (S Texas), E and S Mexico (Coahuila to Tabasco, SE Oaxaca and Yucatan Pen.), N Guatemala, Belize and N Honduras
1 cozumelae Parkes, 1982186 iIsla de Cozumel (off Yucatan Pen.) [Parkes, 1982 #2937]
1 brachyurus Ridgway, 1887 vW Nicaragua and NW Costa Rica
1 insularum J. Bond, 1936187 iIsla de Utila, Isla de Roatán, Isla de Guanaja (off N Honduras)
2 tyrannulus (Statius Muller, 1776) iN and E Colombia, Venezuela (except S), Netherlands Antilles, Trinidad, Tobago, the Guianas; intermontane valleys of N and SC Peru; SW Brazil (Acre to W Mato Grosso do Sul), N and E Bolivia, W Paraguay and N Argentina (south to Catamarca and Santa Fé)
2 bahiae von Berlepsch & Leverkühn, 1890 iE and S Brazil (west to lower R. Amazon in Pará, E Mato Grosso and E Mato Grosso do Sul, south to São Paulo), E Paraguay and NE Argentina (Misiones)
Myiarchus magnirostris 188  (Gould, 1838) Galapagos Flycatcher
vGalapagos Is.
Myiarchus apicalis   P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 1881 Apical Flycatcher
vLocally in WC Colombia (upper Dagua valley, Patía valley, upper Cauca valley, middle and upper Magdalena valley)
GENUS INCERTAE SEDIS189
COLONIA J.E. Gray, 1827 F - Muscicapa colonus Vieillot, 1818; type by monotypy and virtual tautonymy  
Colonia colonus Long-tailed Tyrant
leuconota (Lafresnaye, 1842) vSE Honduras and E Nicaragua to NC and W Colombia and SW Ecuador (N Guayas)
fuscicapillus (P.L. Sclater, 1862)190 αiE Andean foothills and adjacent lowlands of C Colombia (SW Casanare) to NE Peru (NE Amazonas, NW Loreto)
poecilonota (Cabanis, 1849)191 αvS and SE Venezuela (Bolívar; S Amazonas), the Guianas and N Brazil (upper R. Branco)
niveiceps J.T. Zimmer, 1930 iE Andean foothills and adjacent lowlands of S Ecuador (S Zamora-Chinchipe) to C Bolivia (Cochabamba)
colonus (Vieillot, 1818) iC, E and S Brazil (Ilha de Marajó to Mato Grosso, N Rio Grande do Sul and SE Bahia), E Paraguay, NE Argentina (Misiones)
FLUVICOLINAE192 - Tribe FLUVICOLINI192
MYIOPHOBUS Reichenbach, 1850 M - Tyrannula ferruginea Swainson, 1837; type by subsequent monotypy (G.R. Gray, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 49). = Muscicapa flammiceps Temminck, 1822  193,194,195
Myiophobus fasciatus196,197 Bran-colored Flycatcher
1 furfurosus (Thayer & Bangs, 1905) vSW Costa Rica (Térraba valley) to C Panama (Colón, Panamá, Arch. de las Perlas)
1 fasciatus (Statius Muller, 1776) vE Ecuador, N and C Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, the Guianas and N Brazil (Amapá)
1 crypterythrus (P.L. Sclater, 1861)198 αvSW Colombia (W Nariño) to NW Peru (Piura, Marañón valley)
1 saturatus (von Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1906) vEC Peru (San Martín to Cuzco)
1 auriceps (Gould & G.R. Gray, 1839)199 iSE Peru, W Brazil (Acre), N and E Bolivia, N and C Argentina (south to Buenos Aires) and W Paraguay
1 flammiceps (Temminck, 1822) iE and S Brazil (west to E Pará, Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul) and E Paraguay to NE Argentina and Uruguay
2 rufescens (Salvadori, 1864)200 iNW Peru (Lambayeque) to extreme N Chile (W Arica)
Myiophobus cryptoxanthus 201  (P.L. Sclater, 1861) Olive-chested Flycatcherα
vE slope of Andes and adjacent lowlands of N Ecuador (W Sucumbíos) to N Peru (San Martín)
Myiophobus flavicans Flavescent Flycatcher
perijanus W.H. Phelps & W.H. Phelps, Jr., 1957 vSierra de Perijá (Colombian-Venezuelan border), Andes of W Venezuela (Páramo de Tamá)
venezuelanus (Hellmayr, 1920) vMountains of N and W Venezuela (Andes from S Lara to N Táchira, Yaracuy, W Coastal Range)
caripensis J.T. Zimmer & W.H. Phelps, Sr., 1954 vE Coastal Range of Venezuela (W Sucre, N Monagas)
flavicans (P.L. Sclater, 1861)202 αiAndes of Colombia to N Peru (N Cajamarca)
superciliosus (Taczanowski, 1875)203 αvE slope of Andes of N and C Peru (Amazonas to N Cuzco)
Myiophobus phoenicomitra Orange-crested Flycatcher
litae (E. Hartert, 1900) iLocally on W slope of Andes of W Colombia (S Chocó) to SW Ecuador (El Oro)
phoenicomitra (Taczanowski & von Berlepsch, 1885) iE slope of Andes of SW Colombia (W Putumayo) to N Peru (NW San Martín)
Myiophobus inornatus   Carriker, 1932 Unadorned Flycatcher
vE slope of Andes of SE Peru (Cuzco) to C Bolivia (Cochabamba)
Myiophobus roraimae Roraiman Flycatcher
roraimae (Salvin & Godman, 1883) iTepuis of S and SE Venezuela and adjacent W Guyana
sadiecoatsae (Dickerman & W.H. Phelps, Jr., 1987) iTepuis of S Venezuela and adjacent N Brazil (Serranía de la Neblina) [Dickerman, 1987 #1339]
rufipennis Carriker, 1932 vVery locally on E slope of Andes and outlying ridges of S Ecuador (Cordillera de Cutucú) to NW Bolivia (La Paz)
SILVICULTRIX W.E. Lanyon, 1986 F - Myiobius diadema Hartlaub, 1843; type by original designation204
Silvicultrix frontalis205,206 Crowned Chat Tyrant
1 albidiadema (Lafresnaye, 1848) iE Andes of Colombia (Norte de Santander, Cundinamarca)
1 frontalis (Lafresnaye, 1847)207 vW and C Andes of Colombia, Andes of Ecuador (both slopes) to NW Peru (E La Libertad)
2 boliviana (Carriker, 1935)208 vE slope of Andes of C and S Peru (Huánuco; Urubamba valley in S Cuzco) and NW to C Bolivia (La Paz to W Santa Cruz)
2 spodionota (von Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1896)209 vE slope of Andes of C Peru (Junín, NE Ayacucho, W Cuzco)
Silvicultrix jelskii 210  (Taczanowski, 1883) Jelski's Chat Tyrant
W slope of Andes of SW Ecuador (Loja) to C Peru (Lima), also upper Marañón valley in NC Peru (E La Libertad, W Huánuco)
Silvicultrix pulchella Golden-browed Chat Tyrant
similis (Carriker, 1933) vE slope of Andes of Peru (S Amazonas to Junín)
pulchella (P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 1876) vE slope of Andes of S Peru (NE Ayacucho, W Cuzco) to WC Bolivia (W Santa Cruz)
Silvicultrix diadema211 Yellow-bellied Chat Tyrant
rubellula (Wetmore, 1946) vSierra de Perijá (Colombian-Venezuelan border)
jesupi (J.A. Allen, 1900) iSanta Marta Mts. (N Colombia)
tovarensis (Gilliard, 1940) vCoastal Range of Venezuela (Aragua, Distrito Federal)
diadema (Hartlaub, 1843)212 iAndes of W Venezuela (Trujillo to Táchira), E Andes of Colombia
gratiosa (P.L. Sclater, 1862)213 vW and C Andes of Colombia, Andes of Ecuador (both slopes) to NW Peru (E Piura, NW and C Cajamarca)
COLORHAMPHUS Sundevall, 1872 M - Myiobius parvirostris Gould & G.R. Gray, 1839; type by original designation  214
Colorhamphus parvirostris 215  (Gould & G.R. Gray, 1839) Patagonian Tyrant
vSC Chile (Araucanía) and adjacent SW Argentina (W Neuquén) to Tierra del Fuego >> north to C Chile (Coquimbo)
OCHTHOECA Cabanis, 1847 F - Fluvicola oenanthoides d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837; type by subsequent designation (G.R. Gray, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 48).  
Ochthoeca cinnamomeiventris216 Slaty-backed Chat Tyrant
1 nigrita P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 1871217 iAndes of Venezuela (Mérida and NW Barinas to N Táchira)
2 cinnamomeiventris (Lafresnaye, 1843) vAndes of SW Venezuela (S Táchira) and Colombia to Ecuador (on W slope south to Chimborazo) and NW Peru (N Cajamarca)
3 angustifasciata Chapman, 1926 vE slope of Andes of N Peru (S Amazonas to San Martín)
3 thoracica Taczanowski, 1874218 vE slope of Andes of C Peru (Pasco) to C Bolivia (W Santa Cruz)
Ochthoeca rufipectoralis Rufous-breasted Chat Tyrant
poliogastra Salvin & Godman, 1880 vSanta Marta Mts. (N Colombia)
rubicundula Wetmore, 1946 δvSierra de Perijá (Colombian-Venezuelan border)
obfuscata J.T. Zimmer, 1942 vW and C Andes of Colombia, Andes of Ecuador to N Peru (Cajamarca, Amazonas)
rufopectus (Lesson, 1844) iE Andes of Colombia
centralis Hellmayr, 1927 vAndes of NC Peru (S La Libertad, Ancash, Huánuco)
tectricialis Chapman, 1921 vAndes of SC Peru (Pasco to Urubamba valley in C Cuzco)
rufipectoralis (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) vE slope of Andes of S Peru (SE Cuzco) to C Bolivia (W Santa Cruz)
Ochthoeca fumicolor219 Brown-backed Chat Tyrant
superciliosa P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 1871 vAndes of W Venezuela (Trujillo to N Táchira)
ferruginea J.T. Zimmer, 1937 vN part of W and C Andes of Colombia (Antioquia)
fumicolor P.L. Sclater, 1856 iAndes of SW Venezuela (Páramo de Tamá in SW Táchira), E Andes of Colombia (south to Cundinamarca)
brunneifrons von Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1896 iW and C Andes of Colombia (south from Caldas and Cauca), Andes of Ecuador to NW and C Peru (south on W slope to Cajamarca and on E slope to Junín)
berlepschi Hellmayr, 1914 iE slope of Andes of S Peru (Cuzco) to C Bolivia (Cochabamba)
Ochthoeca oenanthoides D'Orbigny's Chat Tyrant
polionota P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 1870 vAndes of Peru (La Libertad and W Huánuco to Cuzco and N Puno)
oenanthoides (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) iAndes of S Peru (S Puno, Tacna), N Chile (Arica), Bolivia and NW Argentina (south to La Rioja)
Ochthoeca piurae   Chapman, 1924 Piura Chat Tyrant
iW slope of Andes of NW Peru (Piura to Ancash)
Ochthoeca leucophrys220 White-browed Chat Tyrant
dissors J.T. Zimmer, 1940221 αiAndes of S Ecuador (S Azuay, N Loja) and N Peru (upper Marañón Valley)
interior J.T. Zimmer, 1930 vAndes of C Peru (Huánuco, Pasco)
urubambae J.T. Zimmer, 1937222 iAndes of C and S Peru (Junín to NE Ayacucho and Cuzco)
leucometopa P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 1877 vW slope of Andes of C Peru (Ancash) to N Chile (Arica)
leucophrys (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) iE slope of Andes of Bolivia
tucumana von Berlepsch, 1906 vAndes of NW Argentina (Salta to San Juan)
Ochthoeca salvini 223  Taczanowski, 1877 Tumbes Tyrant
NW Peru (S Tumbes to N La Libertad)
SUBLEGATUS P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 1868 M - Sublegatus glaber P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 1868; type by monotypy  
Sublegatus arenarum224 Northern Scrub Flycatcher
1 arenarum (Salvin, 1863) iPacific slope of Costa Rica (Golfo de Nicoya, Golfo Dulce) to E Panama (W Darién); Isla de Coiba, Arch. de las Perlas
2 atrirostris (Lawrence, 1871) vN Colombia (Sucre and Bolívar to Guajira)
2 glaber P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 1868 vN Venezuela (Zulia, Falcón and N Lara to N Delta Amacuro; Isla de Margarita, Isla Patos), Trinidad, coast of the Guianas
2 pallens J.T. Zimmer, 1941 iAruba, Curaçao and Bonaire; Islas Los Roques (off N Venezuela)
2 tortugensis W.H. Phelps & W.H. Phelps, Jr., 1946225 vIsla La Tortuga (off N Venezuela)
2 orinocensis J.T. Zimmer, 1941 vE Colombia (E Meta to Arauca and Vichada) and C Venezuela (Apure, S Guárico, SW Anzoátegui, N Bolívar)
Sublegatus obscurior   Todd, 1920 Amazonian Scrub Flycatcher
vS Venezuela, the Guianas and Amazonia
Sublegatus modestus Southern Scrub Flycatcher
modestus (zu Wied, 1831) vS Peru (Urubamba valley in Cuzco); N Bolivia, S and E Brazil
brevirostris (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) vS Bolivia, Paraguay, N Argentina (south to N Buenos Aires and Mendoza), Uruguay >> north to E Peru and C Amazonian Brazil
PYROCEPHALUS Gould, 1838 M - Muscicapa coronata (auct.) = Muscicapa coronata J.F. Gmelin, 1789; type by subsequent designation (G.R. Gray, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 30). = Muscicapa rubinus Boddaert, 1783  226
Pyrocephalus rubinus227,228 Vermilion Flycatcher
1 mexicanus P.L. Sclater, 1859 vS USA (SC Texas) to E and S Mexico (N Veracruz, Puebla and Oaxaca)
1 flammeus van Rossem, 1934 vSW USA (SE California to W Oklahoma and W Texas) to NW and W Mexico (Baja California; Sonora and Chihuahua to Nayarit) >> south to Mexico
1 blatteus Bangs, 1911 vSE Mexico (S Veracruz to Yucatan Pen. and Chiapas), Belize, N Guatemala
1 pinicola T.R. Howell, 1965 iE Honduras, NE Nicaragua
1 piurae J.T. Zimmer, 1941 iW Colombia (Dagua valley, Patía valley, Cauca valley, middle and upper Magdalena valley), W Ecuador and NW Peru (south to Ancash)
1 saturatus von Berlepsch & E. Hartert, 1902 vN and NE Colombia (N Magdalena and Guajira to Norte de Santander; Arauca to NE Meta), N Venezuela (south to Apure and N Bolívar), SW Guyana and adjacent N Brazil (R. Branco)
1 ardens J.T. Zimmer, 1941 iN Peru (Marañón valley of E Cajamarca, W Amazonas)
1 cocachacrae J.T. Zimmer, 1941 iSW Peru (Ica) to N Chile (Arica)
1 obscurus Gould, 1839 vW Peru (Lima)
1 rubinus (Boddaert, 1783) vE Bolivia and S Brazil to Uruguay and C Argentina (Río Negro) >> SE Colombia, E Ecuador, E Peru, N Bolivia, Amazonian and SE Brazil
2 nanus Gould, 1838229 αiGalapagos Is. (except San Cristóbal)
2 dubius Gould & G.R. Gray, 1839230 vSan Cristóbal (Galapagos Is.)
FLUVICOLA Swainson, 1827 M - Fluvicola cursoria Swainson, 1832; type by subsequent monotypy (Swainson, 1832, Zoological Illustrations, new ser., 2, pl. [46] and text). = Lanius nengeta Linnaeus, 1766.  
Fluvicola pica 231  (Boddaert, 1783) Pied Water Tyrant
E Panama, N, C and NE Colombia, Venezuela (except S), Trinidad, the Guianas and N Brazil (upper R. Branco; coastal Amapá)
Fluvicola albiventer 232  (von Spix, 1825) Black-backed Water Tyrant
vC and E Brazil, E and S Bolivia, W and C Paraguay, N Argentina (south to N Buenos Aires), W and S Uruguay >> W Amazonian Brazil, E Peru and N Bolivia
Fluvicola nengeta Masked Water Tyrant
1 atripennis P.L. Sclater, 1860233 vNW Ecuador (W Esmeraldas) to NW Peru (Tumbes)
2 nengeta (Linnaeus, 1766) iE Brazil (Maranhão to Rio Grande do Norte, south to Goiás and Santa Catarina)
ARUNDINICOLA d'Orbigny, 1840 F - Arundinicola leucocephala d'Orbigny, 1840; type by subsequent designation (G.R. Gray, 1841, A List of the Genera of Birds, ed. 2, p. 40). = Pipra leucocephala Linnaeus, 1764  234
Arundinicola leucocephala   (Linnaeus, 1764) White-headed Marsh Tyrant
vN and E Colombia, N and C Venezuela, Trinidad, the Guianas, NE Peru, NW and E Bolivia, N, E and S Brazil, Paraguay and N Argentina
GUBERNETES Such, 1825 M - Gubernetes cunninghami Such, 1825; type by monotypy = Muscicapa yetapa Vieillot, 1818  
Gubernetes yetapa   (Vieillot, 1818) Streamer-tailed Tyrant
iNW and E Bolivia; SC Brazil (S Mato Grosso to SE Bahia, São Paulo and W Rio Grande do Sul), E Paraguay, NE Argentina
ALECTRURUS Vieillot, 1816 M - Gallita tricolor Vieillot, 1816; type by monotypy  
Alectrurus tricolor   (Vieillot, 1816) Cock-tailed Tyrant
iLocally in NC Bolivia, S Brazil (S Mato Grosso to Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo), E Paraguay and NE Argentina
Alectrurus risora   (Vieillot, 1824) Strange-tailed Tyrant
iLocally in S Brazil (S Mato Grosso, São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul), SE Paraguay, N Argentina (south to Buenos Aires) and W Uruguay
FLUVICOLINAE235 - Tribe XOLMIINI235
LESSONIA Swainson, 1832 F - Anthus sordidus Lesson, 1830; type by monotypy = Alauda rufa J.F. Gmelin, 1789  
Lessonia rufa 236  (J.F. Gmelin, 1789) Austral Negrito
vC Chile (SW Coquimbo) and C Argentina (Mendoza, La Pampa) to Tierra del Fuego >> N Chile, S Bolivia, N Argentina, Paraguay, SE Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) and Uruguay
Lessonia oreas   (P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 1869) Andean Negrito
iAndes of C Peru (SE Ancash, SW Huánuco) to C Chile (NE Coquimbo) and NW Argentina (Catamarca)
HYMENOPS Lesson, 1828 M - Hymenops nyctitarius Lesson, 1828; type by monotypy = Motacilla perspicillata J.F. Gmelin, 1789  
Hymenops perspicillatus Spectacled Tyrant
perspicillatus (J.F. Gmelin, 1789) vSE Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) and Uruguay to SC Argentina (N Río Negro) >> Paraguay, E Bolivia and S Brazil
andinus (Ridgway, 1879) vC and S Chile (Coquimbo to Los Ríos; E Aisén) and S Argentina (W Río Negro, Chubut, N Santa Cruz) >> N Argentina
KNIPOLEGUS Boie, 1826 M - Muscicapa cyanirostris Vieillot, 1818; type by monotypy  237
Knipolegus orenocensis Riverside Tyrant
orenocensis von Berlepsch, 1884 vE Colombia (NE Meta) to SW and C Venezuela (E Apure and middle R. Orinoco)
xinguensis von Berlepsch, 1912 vE Amazonian Brazil (along lower R. Xingu and R. Araguaia)
sclateri Hellmayr, 1906238 iNE Ecuador (along R. Napo), NE Peru (along R. Napo and R. Amazon), Amazonian Brazil (along R. Amazon, R. Madeira and lower R. Tapajós)
Knipolegus poecilocercus   (von Pelzeln, 1868) Amazonian Black Tyrant
vLocally in NE Colombia, SW and S Venezuela and W Guyana; NE Ecuador; E Peru (along R. Ucayali and R. Amazon) and Amazonian Brazil (along R. Amazon, R. Negro, R. Branco, R. Madeira, lower R. Xingu and R. Tocantins)
Knipolegus poecilurus239 Rufous-tailed Tyrant
poecilurus (P.L. Sclater, 1862) vLocally in Andes of Colombia; Sierra de Perijá
peruanus (von Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1896) vE slope of Andes of N Ecuador (W Sucumbíos) to SE Peru (Puno); C Bolivia (W Santa Cruz)
venezuelanus (Hellmayr, 1927) vAndes and Coastal Range of Venezuela (NW Barinas to N Táchira; Distrito Federal)
salvini (P.L. Sclater, 1888) iTepuis of S Venezuela (C and S Amazonas, S Bolívar) and adjacent N Brazil and W Guyana
paraquensis W.H. Phelps & W.H. Phelps, Jr., 1949 vTepuis of S Venezuela (Cerro Paraque in NW Amazonas)
Knipolegus franciscanus 240  E. Snethlage, 1928 Caatinga Black Tyrant/São Francisco Black Tyrant
vEC Brazil (SW Bahia and NW Minas Gerais to Distrito Federal)
Knipolegus lophotes   Boie, 1828 Crested Black Tyrant
iS and SE Brazil (S Mato Grosso and SE Tocantins to S Espírito Santo, south to E Rio Grande do Sul) and E Uruguay; NE Paraguay
Knipolegus nigerrimus Velvety Black Tyrant
hoflingae Lencioni-Neto, 1996241 δiNE Brazil (S Pernambuco and W Alagoas to C Bahia) [Lencioni-Neto, 1996 #2369]
nigerrimus (Vieillot, 1818) vSE Brazil (S Minas Gerais and SW Espírito Santo to NE Rio Grande do Sul)
Knipolegus signatus 242  (Taczanowski, 1875) Jelski's Black Tyrantα
vE slope of Andes from extreme S Ecuador (Cordillera del Cóndor) to C Peru (N Junín)
Knipolegus cabanisi 243  Schulz, 1882 Plumbeous Black Tyrant
E slope of Andes of SE Peru (SE Cuzco) to NW Argentina (Tucumán, SE Catamarca)
Knipolegus cyanirostris   (Vieillot, 1818) Blue-billed Black Tyrant
vSE Brazil, Uruguay and NE Argentina (south to N Buenos Aires) >> north to E Paraguay and S Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul)
Knipolegus striaticeps   (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) Cinereous Tyrant
iE and SE Bolivia (C and E Santa Cruz to E Tarija), S Brazil (extreme W Mato Grosso do Sul), W Paraguay and N Argentina (E Salta and Formosa to N San Luis)
Knipolegus hudsoni   P.L. Sclater, 1872 Hudson's Black Tyrant
iC Argentina (W Córdoba to E Neuquén, NE Río Negro and SW Buenos Aires) >> E Bolivia, SW Brazil and W Paraguay
Knipolegus aterrimus White-winged Black Tyrant
heterogyna von Berlepsch, 1907 iAndes of N Peru (Marañón valley from Cajamarca to Ancash)
anthracinus Cabanis, 1859 vE slope of Andes of C Peru (S Junín) to NW Bolivia (La Paz)
aterrimus Kaup, 1853 vE slope of Andes of C Bolivia (Cochabamba) to Andes and lowlands of W Argentina (south to N Santa Cruz) >> north to Paraguay and N Argentina
SATRAPA Strickland, 1844 M - Muscicapa icterophrys Vieillot, 1818; type by original designation  
Satrapa icterophrys   (Vieillot, 1818) Yellow-browed Tyrant
iC Venezuela; E and S Bolivia, C and E Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, N and E Argentina >> north to S Amazonia
MUSCISAXICOLA d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837 M - Muscisaxicola rufivertex d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837; type by subsequent designation (G.R. Gray, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 24).  
Muscisaxicola fluviatilis   P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 1866 Little Ground Tyrant
vLocally in E Ecuador, extreme SE Colombia, E Peru, N and C Bolivia and W Amazonian Brazil (east to middle R. Amazon and upper R. Madeira)
Muscisaxicola maculirostris Spot-billed Ground Tyrant
niceforoi J.T. Zimmer, 1947 iE Andes of Colombia (Boyacá, Cundinamarca)
rufescens von Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1896 iAndes of Ecuador (Pichincha to Azuay)
maculirostris d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837 vAndes of N Peru (S Cajamarca) to S Chile (Magallanes) and S Argentina (SW Santa Cruz)
Muscisaxicola griseus 244  Taczanowski, 1884 Taczanowski's Ground Tyrant
vAndes of N Peru (S Cajamarca) to C Bolivia (Cochabamba)
Muscisaxicola juninensis   Taczanowski, 1884 Puna Ground Tyrant
vAndes of C Peru (Ancash) to N Chile (Tarapacá) and NW Argentina (Tucumán)
Muscisaxicola cinereus Cinereous Ground Tyrant
cinereus R.A. Philippi, Sr. & Landbeck, 1864 vAndes of S Peru (S Puno), Bolivia, C Chile (Coquimbo to Maule) and adjacent W Argentina (W Mendoza) >> north to Andes of C Peru (Junín)
argentinus Hellmayr, 1932245 δvAndes of NW Argentina (Jujuy to Catamarca and Tucumán) >> Andes of C Peru (?)
Muscisaxicola albifrons   (von Tschudi, 1844) White-fronted Ground Tyrant
iAndes of C Peru (SE Ancash) to N Chile (Arica) and W Bolivia (N Oruro, W Cochabamba)
Muscisaxicola flavinucha Ochre-naped Ground Tyrant
flavinucha Lafresnaye, 1855 iAndes of N and C Chile (Antofagasta to O'Higgins) and W Argentina (Mendoza to Chubut) >> north to N Peru (La Libertad)
brevirostris Olrog, 1949 vAndes of S Chile (Aisén) and S Argentina (Santa Cruz) to Tierra del Fuego
Muscisaxicola rufivertex Rufous-naped Ground Tyrant
occipitalis Ridgway, 1887246 vAndes of Peru (C Cajamarca to Ayacucho and Puno) and NW Bolivia (La Paz, Cochabamba)
pallidiceps Hellmayr, 1927 iAndes of SW Peru (Arequipa) to N Chile (Antofagasta) and NW Argentina (Catamarca)
rufivertex d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837 iAndes of C Chile (Coquimbo to O'Higgins) and adjacent Argentina (W Mendoza) >> north to coastal Antofagasta
achalensis Nores & Yzurieta, 1983247 vMountains of C Argentina (Sierras de Córdoba) [Nores, 1983 #2779]
Muscisaxicola maclovianus Dark-faced Ground Tyrant
mentalis d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837 vAndes of S Chile (Los Ríos) and S Argentina (W Neuquén) to Tierra del Fuego >> W Peru, N Chile, C and S Argentina, S Uruguay
maclovianus (Garnot, 1826)248 αvFalkland Is. [Garnot, 1826 #6232]
Muscisaxicola albilora   Lafresnaye, 1855 White-browed Ground Tyrant
iAndes of C and S Chile (Valparaíso to Magallanes) and adjacent Argentina (W Neuquén to W Santa Cruz) >> Andes of Ecuador to Bolivia
Muscisaxicola alpinus249 Plain-capped Ground Tyrant/Paramo Ground Tyrant
columbianus Chapman, 1912 vLocally in C Andes of Colombia (Tolima to Cauca)
quesadae Meyer de Schauensee, 1942 iE Andes of Colombia (Boyacá, Cundinamarca)
alpinus (Jardine, 1849) vAndes of N and C Ecuador (Carchi to Azuay)
Muscisaxicola capistratus   (Burmeister, 1860) Cinnamon-bellied Ground Tyrant
vS Chile (Magallanes) and S Argentina (Santa Cruz) to Tierra del Fuego >> north to Andes of S Peru (Puno)
Muscisaxicola frontalis   (Burmeister, 1860) Black-fronted Ground Tyrant
vAndes of Chile (S Antofagasta to Maule) and adjacent Argentina (W Mendoza to W Río Negro) >> Andes of S Peru (Arequipa) to NW Argentina (Jujuy)
CNEMARCHUS Ridgway, 1905 M - Taenioptera erythropygia P.L. Sclater, 1853; type by original designation  250
Cnemarchus erythropygius Red-rumped Bush Tyrant
orinomus Wetmore, 1946251 vSanta Marta Mts. (N Colombia); locally in E Andes of Colombia (Norte de Santander, Cundinamarca)
erythropygius (P.L. Sclater, 1853) vAndes of SW Colombia (S Nariño) to C Bolivia (Cochabamba)
POLIOXOLMIS W.E. Lanyon, 1986 M - Muscisaxicola rufipennis Taczanowski, 1874; type by original designation and monotypy  
Polioxolmis rufipennis252 Rufous-webbed Tyrant
rufipennis (Taczanowski, 1874) vAndes of Peru (S Cajamarca and S Amazonas to Cuzco and Arequipa), W Bolivia (NW Oruro) and N Chile (Arica)
bolivianus Fjeldså, 1990 vE slope of Andes of SE Peru (Puno) to NW Argentina (N Salta) [Fjeldså, 1990 #1569]
XOLMIS Boie, 1826 M - Tyrannus irupero Vieillot, 1823; type by subsequent designation (P.L. Sclater, 1888, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 14, p. 10).  253
Xolmis pyrope Fire-eyed Diucon
pyrope (von Kittlitz, 1830) iC Chile (Valparaíso) and W Argentina (W Neuquén) south to Tierra del Fuego >> north to N Chile (S Antofagasta)
fortis R.A. Philippi-B. & A.W. Johnson, 1946 vIsla de Chiloé (off SC Chile)
Xolmis cinereus254 Gray Monjita
cinereus (Vieillot, 1816) vSurinam; EC Brazil (Amapá and Maranhão to Rio Grande do Sul), NE Argentina (Misiones) and Uruguay
pepoaza (Vieillot, 1823) iSE Peru (Pampas de Heath) to E Bolivia, S Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul), Paraguay and N Argentina (south to N Buenos Aires)
Xolmis coronatus   (Vieillot, 1823) Black-crowned Monjita
vC Argentina (SE Catamarca to N Río Negro and SW Buenos Aires) >> north to C Bolivia, W Paraguay and SE Brazil (W Rio Grande do Sul)
Xolmis velatus   (M.H.C. Lichtenstein, 1823) White-rumped Monjita
vEC and S Brazil (lower R. Amazon to Ilha de Marajó; Maranhão to S Mato Grosso, Santa Catarina and Minas Gerais), C and E Bolivia, NE Paraguay
Xolmis irupero White Monjita
niveus (von Spix, 1825) vNE Brazil (Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte to N Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo)
irupero (Vieillot, 1823) iC and SE Bolivia, Paraguay, N and E Argentina (south to N Río Negro), S and SE Brazil (W Mato Grosso do Sul; SE Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul), Uruguay
Xolmis salinarum 255  Nores & Yzurieta, 1979 Salinas Monjita
NC Argentina (SW Santiago del Estero, SE Catamarca, E La Rioja, NW Córdoba) [Nores, 1979 #2776]
Xolmis rubetra 256,257  (Burmeister, 1860) Rusty-backed Monjita
C Argentina (Mendoza to SW Buenos Aires and NE Santa Cruz) >> north to N and E Argentina (Tucumán to Entre Ríos)
Xolmis dominicanus 258  (Vieillot, 1823) Black-and-white Monjita
vSE Brazil (E Paraná to Rio Grande do Sul), NE Argentina (S Misiones to E Buenos Aires), Uruguay
AGRIORNIS Gould, 1839 M - Agriornis micropterus Gould, 1839; type by subsequent designation (Hellmayr, 1927, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 5, p. 1).  
Agriornis montanus Black-billed Shrike Tyrant
solitarius P.L. Sclater, 1859259 αvAndes of S Colombia (Nariño) and Ecuador
insolens P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 1869 iAndes of Peru
intermedius Hellmayr, 1927260 vAndes of W Bolivia (La Paz, Oruro) and N Chile (Arica)
montanus (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) vAndes of C Bolivia (Cochabamba) to NW Argentina (Tucumán and La Rioja)
maritimus (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)261 vAndes of Chile (Tarapacá to Magallanes) and adjacent W Argentina (W Mendoza to W Santa Cruz); C Argentina (Córdoba, S Buenos Aires and Somuncará Plateau)
fumosus Nores & Yzurieta, 1983 vMountains of C Argentina (Sierras de Córdoba) [Nores, 1983 #2779]
Agriornis albicauda White-tailed Shrike Tyrant
pollens P.L. Sclater, 1869262,263 iLocally in Andes of Ecuador [Sclater, 1869 #3555]
albicauda (R.A. Philippi, Sr. & Landbeck, 1863) iLocally in Andes of Peru to N Chile (Antofagasta) and NW Argentina (Catamarca)
Agriornis lividus Great Shrike Tyrant
lividus (von Kittlitz, 1835) vC Chile (Atacama to Los Ríos)
fortis von Berlepsch, 1907 vS Chile (Aisén and Magallanes) and adjacent S Argentina (W Chubut to Tierra del Fuego)
Agriornis micropterus Gray-bellied Shrike Tyrant
andecola (d'Orbigny, 1840) iAndes of S Peru (Puno) to N Chile (Tarapacá) and NW Argentina (Catamarca, Tucumán)
micropterus Gould, 1839 vC and S Argentina (Mendoza, La Pampa and S Buenos Aires to Santa Cruz) >> north to S Bolivia, SW Paraguay and S Uruguay
Agriornis murinus   (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) Lesser Shrike Tyrant
vLocally from NW to SC Argentina (Catamarca and Tucumán to SW Buenos Aires and N Santa Cruz) >> north to C Bolivia and W Paraguay
NEOXOLMIS Hellmayr, 1927 M - Tyrannus rufiventris Vieillot, 1823; type by original designation  
Neoxolmis rufiventris   (Vieillot, 1823) Chocolate-vented Tyrant
vS Argentina (S Río Negro to Tierra del Fuego) and extreme S Chile (Magallanes) >> north to EC Argentina, Uruguay and SE Brazil (S Rio Grande do Sul)
MYIOTHERETES Reichenbach, 1850 M - Tyrannus rufiventris d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837; type by subsequent monotypy (G.R. Gray, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 48). = Myiotheretes striaticollis pallidus von Berlepsch, 1906  
Myiotheretes striaticollis Streak-throated Bush Tyrant
striaticollis (P.L. Sclater, 1853) vSanta Marta Mts.; Sierra de Perijá; Andes of W Venezuela (Mérida) to S Peru (Apurímac, Arequipa)
pallidus von Berlepsch, 1906 vE slope of Andes of S Peru (Cuzco) to NW Argentina (Tucumán)
Myiotheretes pernix   (Bangs, 1899) Santa Marta Bush Tyrant
iSanta Marta Mts. (N Colombia)
Myiotheretes fumigatus264 Smoky Bush Tyrant
olivaceus (W.H. Phelps & W.H. Phelps Jr., 1953) vSierra de Perijá (Colombian-Venezuelan border); Andes of W Venezuela (S Táchira)
fumigatus (Boissonneau, 1840) vAndes of Colombia and N Ecuador
lugubris (von Berlepsch, 1883) vAndes of W Venezuela (Trujillo to N Táchira)
cajamarcae (Chapman, 1927) iAndes of S Ecuador (Cañar) to NW and S Peru (on west slope south to Cajamarca, on east slope south to Cuzco)
Myiotheretes fuscorufus   (P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 1876) Rufous-bellied Bush Tyrant
vE slope of Andes of C Peru (S Huánuco) to C Bolivia (W Santa Cruz)
FLUVICOLINAE265 - Tribe CONTOPINI265
OCHTHORNIS P.L. Sclater, 1888 M - Elainea littoralis von Pelzeln, 1868; type by monotypy  
Ochthornis littoralis 266  (von Pelzeln, 1868) Drab Water Tyrant
vS Colombia, S Venezuela, S Guyana, E Ecuador, E Peru, N Bolivia, W and C Amazonian Brazil; NE French Guiana and adjacent N Brazil (N Amapá)
CNEMOTRICCUS Hellmayr, 1927 M - Empidochanes fringillaris von Pelzeln, 1868; type by original designation = Muscipeta fuscata zu Wied, 1831  
Cnemotriccus fuscatus267 Fuscous Flycatcher
cabanisi (Léotaud, 1866) iN and C Colombia, W and N Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago
duidae J.T. Zimmer, 1938 iS Venezuela (S Amazonas) and N Brazil (upper R. Negro)
fumosus (von Berlepsch, 1908) vThe Guianas and N Brazil (north of R. Amazon, west to R. Branco)
fuscatior (Chapman, 1926) vSW Venezuela (W Apure), E and SE Colombia, E Ecuador, E Peru and C Brazil (south of R. Amazon, east to R. Tocantins)
beniensis Gyldenstolpe, 1941 vN Bolivia (Pando, Beni)
bimaculatus (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) vC and E Bolivia, S and E Brazil, Paraguay and N Argentina (Salta and Jujuy to Corrientes)
fuscatus (zu Wied, 1831) vSE Brazil (E Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul) and NE Argentina (Misiones)
APHANOTRICCUS Ridgway, 1905 M - Myiobius capitalis Salvin, 1865; type by original designation  
Aphanotriccus capitalis   (Salvin, 1865) Tawny-chested Flycatcher
vCaribbean slope of SE Nicaragua and N Costa Rica
Aphanotriccus audax   (Nelson, 1912) Black-billed Flycatcher
iE Panama (E Panamá) to NW and N Colombia (N Chocó to W Cesar)
LATHROTRICCUS W.E. & S.M. Lanyon, 1986 M - Empidochanes euleri Cabanis, 1868; type by monotypy  268
Lathrotriccus euleri269 Euler's Flycatcher
1†? flaviventris (Lawrence, 1887)270 vGrenada (S Lesser Antilles)
1 lawrencei (J.A. Allen, 1889) iE Colombia, W and N Venezuela, Trinidad, Surinam and French Guiana
1 bolivianus (J.A. Allen, 1889) vS and SE Venezuela, E Ecuador, E Peru, Amazonian Brazil (south of R. Amazon) and NW Bolivia >> Colombia (?)
2 argentinus (Cabanis, 1868) vE Bolivia, N Argentina and Paraguay >> E Peru and E Brazil
2 euleri (Cabanis, 1868) iSE Brazil, NE Argentina and Uruguay >> NE Peru, Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil
Lathrotriccus griseipectus 271  (Lawrence, 1869) Gray-breasted Flycatcherα
iLowlands and foothills of NW Ecuador (W Esmeraldas) to NW Peru (NE Lambayeque, N Cajamarca)
MITREPHANES Coues, 1882 M - Mitrephorus phaeocercus P.L. Sclater, 1859; type by subsequent designation (P.L. Sclater, 1888, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 14, p. 218).  
Mitrephanes phaeocercus272 Tufted Flycatcher
tenuirostris Brewster, 1888 vMountains of W Mexico (SE Sonora, SW Chihuahua to W Jalisco)
phaeocercus (P.L. Sclater, 1859)273 vMountains of E and S Mexico (SW Tamaulipas to N Oaxaca, Zacatecas and C Jalisco to Chiapas) to NC Nicaragua
aurantiiventris (Lawrence, 1865)274 vMountains of Costa Rica to E Panama (Serranía del Darién)
berlepschi E. Hartert, 1902275 iE Panama (Cerro Pirre) and W Colombia to NW Ecuador (Esmeraldas, SW Imbabura)
Mitrephanes olivaceus   von Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1894 Olive-tufted Flycatcher
vE slope of Andes of N Peru (E Piura; Amazonas) to C Bolivia (Cochabamba)
SAYORNIS Bonaparte, 1854 M - Sayornis nigricans Bonaparte, 1854; type by monotypy = Tyrannula nigricans Swainson, 1827  
Sayornis nigricans276 Black Phoebe
1 nigricans (Swainson, 1827) iMountains of N, C and S Mexico (S Coahuila and Jalisco to S Chiapas)
1 semiater (Vigors, 1839) vW and SW USA (SW Oregon and W California, SW Utah and Arizona to SE Texas) and W Mexico (Baja California, Sonora to N Coahuila, Zacatecas and N Nayarit)
1 aquaticus P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 1859 vHighlands of S Mexico (NE Chiapas) to NC Nicaragua
1 amnicola Bangs, 1902 iMountains of Costa Rica to W Panama (Chiriquí, W Bocas del Toro)
2 angustirostris von Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1896 vMountains of C and E Panama (west to E Colón); Santa Marta Mts.; Sierra de Perijá; Coastal Range of N Venezuela, Andes of Venezuela to SE Peru (Puno)
2 latirostris (Cabanis & F. Heine, Sr., 1860)277 vE slope of Andes of C Bolivia (Cochabamba) to NW Argentina (Catamarca)
Sayornis phoebe   (Latham, 1790) Eastern Phoebe
iWC to SE Canada, C and E USA >> SC and SE USA to E and C Mexico
Sayornis saya Say's Phoebe
saya (Bonaparte, 1825)278 Alaska, NW and SW Canada, W USA, N and C Mexico (south to N Michoacán and Hidalgo) >> SW USA to C and S Mexico
quiescens G.B. Grinnell, 1926 iNW Mexico (N Baja California, Isla Cedros)
EMPIDONAX Cabanis, 1855 M - Empidonax pusillus Cabanis, 1855; type by monotypy = Platyrhynchos virescens Vieillot, 1818  
Empidonax flaviventris   (W.M. & S.F. Baird, 1843) Yellow-bellied Flycatcher
vW and S Canada (SW Yukon and C British Columbia to Newfoundland) and NE USA >> E and SW Mexico to W Panama
Empidonax virescens   (Vieillot, 1818) Acadian Flycatcher
iSE Canada (SE Ontario) and E USA (SE Minnesota to Massachusetts, south to C Texas and N Florida) >> E Nicaragua to NW Venezuela, Colombia and W Ecuador
Empidonax alnorum 279  Brewster, 1895 Alder Flycatcher
iAlaska, W and S Canada and NE USA >> C Colombia and E Ecuador to E Peru and N and E Bolivia
Empidonax traillii280 Willow Flycatcher
adastus Oberholser, 1932 vSW Canada (S British Columbia) to WC USA (E California and Utah) >> W Mexico to Panama
traillii (Audubon, 1828) iS Canada (S Alberta to S Québec) and NC and NE USA (North Dakota to Maine, south to N Arkansas, Tennessee and Virginia) >> SW Mexico to Panama
brewsteri Oberholser, 1918 δiLocally in SW Canada (SW British Columbia) and W USA (W Washington, W Oregon and W California) >> W Mexico to Panama
extimus A.R. Phillips, 1948 vSW USA (SW Utah to S California and W New Mexico) >> W Mexico
Empidonax albigularis White-throated Flycatcher
timidus Nelson, 1900 vMountains of W Mexico (extreme SE Sonora and SW Chihuahua to Morelos)
albigularis P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 1859 vMountains of E and S Mexico (SW Tamaulipas to SE Puebla; E Guerrero, Oaxaca and Chiapas), Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras >> S Central America
australis W. deW. Miller & Griscom, 1925 vMountains of Nicaragua to W Panama (Chiriquí)
Empidonax minimus   (W.M. & S.F. Baird, 1843) Least Flycatcher
vW and S Canada (S Yukon and British Columbia to Nova Scotia) and N USA (south to NE Wyoming, Appalachian Mts. and New Jersey) >> S USA (S Florida Pen.); W and E Mexico to C Panama
Empidonax hammondii   (Xántus de Vesey, 1858) Hammond's Flycatcher
iC Alaska and W Canada to W and WC USA (C California, Utah, W Colorado, NW New Mexico) >> highlands of Mexico to NC Nicaragua
Empidonax wrightii   S.F. Baird, 1858 Gray Flycatcher
iSW Canada (SC British Columbia) and W and USA (E Washington to SW Wyoming, C New Mexico and S California) >> SW USA (S Arizona) and Mexico (south to Oaxaca)
Empidonax oberholseri 281  A.R. Phillips, 1939 Dusky Flycatcher
iW Canada, W and WC USA >> highlands of SW USA (S Arizona) to W Guatemala
Empidonax affinis282 Pine Flycatcher
pulverius Brewster, 1889 vMountains of W Mexico (SW Chihuahua to Jalisco)
trepidus Nelson, 1901 vMountains of NE Mexico (SE Coahuila to SW Tamaulipas) >> south to Guatemala
affinis (Swainson, 1827) vHighlands of SC Mexico (Michoacán to Puebla)
vigensis A.R. Phillips, 1942 vMountains of E Mexico (WC Veracruz)
bairdi P.L. Sclater, 1858 iMountains of S Mexico (Guerrero, Oaxaca, Chiapas) and SW Guatemala
Empidonax difficilis283,284 Pacific-slope Flycatcher
1 difficilis S.F. Baird, 1858 vSE Alaska to SW California and extreme NW Mexico (N Baja California) >> W Mexico (S Baja California; Sinaloa to Oaxaca)
1 cineritius Brewster, 1888 vNW Mexico (Sierra de San Lázaro in S Baja California)
2 insulicola Oberholser, 1897285 iChannel Is. (off S California) >> ?
Empidonax occidentalis286 Cordilleran Flycatcher
hellmayri Brodkorb, 1935 iMountains of WC North America (SW Alberta to NE California, S Nevada, C and SE Arizona and SW Texas) and N Mexico (E Sonora, Chihuahua, N Coahuila) >> highlands of Mexico (south to C Oaxaca)
occidentalis Nelson, 1897 vMountains of C and S Mexico (Durango and SE Coahuila to C Oaxaca)
Empidonax flavescens Yellowish Flycatcher
imperturbatus Wetmore, 1942 vSE Mexico (Sierra de los Tuxtlas in S Veracruz)
salvini Ridgway, 1886 iHighlands of S Mexico (E Oaxaca) to NC Nicaragua
flavescens Lawrence, 1865 iMountains of Costa Rica to WC Panama (Veraguas)
Empidonax fulvifrons287 Buff-breasted Flycatcher
pygmaeus Coues, 1865 vMountains of SW USA (SE Arizona) and N Mexico (E Sonora, N Chihuahua, S Coahuila) >> south to SC Mexico (Michoacán, Morelos)
rubicundus Cabanis & F. Heine, Sr., 1860288 vMountains of C Mexico (S Chihuahua to Guerrero, Puebla and SW Veracruz) >> south to Guatemala
fulvifrons (Giraud, 1841) iMountains of NE Mexico (SW Tamaulipas)
fusciceps Nelson, 1904 iMountains of S Mexico (Chiapas) and Guatemala
brodkorbi A.R. Phillips, 1966 iMountains of S Mexico (Sierra de Miahuatlán in S Oaxaca)
inexpectatus Griscom, 1932 vHighlands of C and S Honduras
Empidonax atriceps   Salvin, 1870 Black-capped Flycatcher
iMountains of Costa Rica to W Panama (W Chiriquí, Bocas del Toro)
CONTOPUS Cabanis, 1855 M - Muscicapa virens Linnaeus, 1766; type by original designation  
Contopus cooperi 289  (Nuttall, 1832) Olive-sided Flycatcherα
iW Alaska, S Canada, W and NE USA, NW Mexico (N Baja California) >> Panama and Andes from Venezuela to W Bolivia; locally in S Mexico, the Guianas, S Amazonia and SE Brazil [Nuttall, 1832 #2791]
Contopus pertinax290 Greater Pewee
pertinax Cabanis & F. Heine, Sr., 1860291,292 iMountains of SW USA (SE Arizona, SW New Mexico) to S Mexico (N and C Oaxaca) >> south to Guatemala
minor (W. deW. Miller & Griscom, 1925) vHighlands of S Mexico (Chiapas) to NC Nicaragua
Contopus lugubris 293  Lawrence, 1865 Dark Pewee
vMountains of NC Costa Rica (Cordillera de Tilarán) to W Panama (C Chiriquí)
Contopus fumigatus294,295 Smoke-colored Pewee
ardosiacus (Lafresnaye, 1844)296 vSierra de Perijá; Andes of W Venezuela and Colombia (except W slope in Nariño), E slope of Andes of Ecuador and Peru (south to Cuzco)
cineraceus (Lafresnaye, 1848) vMountains of N Venezuela (Yaracuy and Coastal Range from Carabobo to Miranda)
duidae (Chapman, 1929) iTepuis of S Venezuela (N and C Amazonas, Bolívar) and adjacent Guyana
zarumae (Chapman, 1924) iW slope of Andes from SW Colombia (Nariño) to NW Peru (Cajamarca)
fumigatus (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) vE slope of Andes of S Peru (Puno) to W Bolivia (Cochabamba)
brachyrhynchus Cabanis, 1883 vE slope of Andes of C Bolivia (W Santa Cruz) to NW Argentina (Tucumán)
Contopus ochraceus   P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 1869 Ochraceous Pewee
vMountains of C Costa Rica (Cordillera Central) to W Panama (C Chiriquí)
Contopus sordidulus Western Wood Pewee
saturatus Bishop, 1900 vS Alaska and W Canada to W Oregon (east to Cascade Range) >> NW South America
peninsulae Brewster, 1891 iNW Mexico (Sierra de San Lázaro in S Baja California) >> NW South America
veliei Coues, 1866297 iC Alaska, interior W Canada, W and SW USA, N and C Mexico (N Baja California and south to Michoacán and Puebla) >> W South America
sordidulus P.L. Sclater, 1859298 vMountains of S Mexico (Guerrero, Oaxaca, Chiapas) to Honduras >> W South America
Contopus virens 299  (Linnaeus, 1766) Eastern Wood Pewee
iSC and SE Canada (west to SE Saskatchewan) and E USA (west to C North Dakota and C Texas) >> Colombia and Venezuela to N Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil
Contopus cinereus300 Tropical Pewee
brachytarsus (P.L. Sclater, 1859) vS Mexico (S Veracruz, N Oaxaca, SE Chiapas) to Panama (E Colón, NW Darién); Isla de Cozumel
rhizophorus (Dwight & Griscom, 1924) vNW Costa Rica (Guanacaste)
aithalodes Wetmore, 1957 iIsla de Coiba (off SW Panama)
bogotensis (Bonaparte, 1850) vLocally in N and C Colombia and N Venezuela, Trinidad; extreme S Venezuela (S Amazonas) and adjacent NW Brazil
surinamensis F.P. & A.P. Penard, 1910 vC Venezuela (middle R. Orinoco in N Bolívar); the Guianas and N Brazil (Amapá to Ilha de Marajó)
punensis Lawrence, 1869301 vW Ecuador (C Manabí to W Loja) and W Peru (Tumbes and N Piura, Marañón valley, W slope of Andes south to NE Ica)
pallescens (Hellmayr, 1927) iE and S Brazil (S Maranhão to Pernambuco and W Bahia, south to Mato Grosso do Sul), E Bolivia, NE Paraguay and along E slope of Andes of Bolivia to NW Argentina (Tucumán)
cinereus (von Spix, 1825) vSE Brazil (SE Bahia to Paraná), NE Argentina (Misiones) and SE Paraguay
Contopus caribaeus302,303 Cuban Pewee
bahamensis (H. Bryant, 1859) vGrand Bahama, Great Abaco, New Providence, Eleuthera, Cat I. (Bahamas)
caribaeus (d'Orbigny, 1839) vCuba (except NW Zapata Pen.), Arch. de Camagüey, Isla de la Juventud
morenoi T.D. Burleigh & Duvall, 1948 iWC Cuba (NW Zapata Pen.), Arch. de los Canarreos
nerlyi Garrido, 1978 iArch. de los Jardines de la Reina (off S Cuba)
Contopus pallidus 304  (Gosse, 1847) Jamaican Pewee
vJamaica
Contopus hispaniolensis305 Hispaniolan Pewee
hispaniolensis (H. Bryant, 1867) vHispaniola
tacitus (Wetmore, 1928) vIle de la Gonâve (off W Hispaniola)
Contopus latirostris Lesser Antillean Pewee
blancoi (Cabanis, 1875) iPuerto Rico
brunneicapillus (Lawrence, 1878) iGuadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique (Lesser Antilles)
latirostris (J. Verreaux, 1866) vSt. Lucia (Lesser Antilles)
Contopus albogularis   (Berlioz, 1962) White-throated Pewee
vE Surinam, French Guiana, N Brazil (Amapá)
Contopus nigrescens Blackish Pewee
nigrescens (P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 1880) iLocally in E Andean foothills and adjacent lowlands of Ecuador
canescens (Chapman, 1926) iLocally on E slope of Andes of N Peru (Amazonas, San Martín); S Guyana (Serra Acari); locally in E Amazonian Brazil
XENOTRICCUS Dwight & Griscom, 1927 M - Xenotriccus callizonus Dwight & Griscom, 1927; type by original designation  
Xenotriccus callizonus   Dwight & Griscom, 1927 Belted Flycatcher
vMountains of S Mexico (Chiapas), Guatemala and NW El Salvador
Xenotriccus mexicanus   (J.T. Zimmer, 1938) Pileated Flycatcher
vMountains of SW Mexico (C Michoacán and Guerrero to C Oaxaca)
GENUS INCERTAE SEDIS
MUSCIPIPRA Lesson, 1831 F - Muscipipra longipennis Lesson, 1831; type by monotypy = Muscicapa vetula M.H.C. Lichtenstein, 1823  
Muscipipra vetula   (M.H.C. Lichtenstein, 1823) Shear-tailed Gray Tyrant
iSE Brazil (SE Bahia; E Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo to N Rio Grande do Sul), E Paraguay and NE Argentina (Misiones, N Corrientes)
1 Attribution to subfamilies and tribes follows Ohlson et al. (2013) [Ohlson, 2013 #14349] and sequence of genera within these follows their list (except where noted).
2 For establishment of subfamily see Tello et al. (2009) [Tello, 2009 #12002]. See also Ohlson et al. (2013) [Ohlson, 2013 #14349].
3 For separation from Myiophobus see Ohlson et al. (2009) [Ohlson, 2009 #12031].
4 For correct date see Duncan (1937) [Duncan, 1937 #1442].
5 Considered to form a superspecies with N. lintoni; see Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].
6 For best date to use see Dickinson et al. (2011) [Dickinson, 2011 #13287].
7 Diagnosability of most subspecies questionable; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
8 Treated as a separate species by Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].
9 Tribe name reaffirmed and freshly circumscribed by Tello et al. (2009) [Tello, 2009 #12002].
10 Treatment and sequence based on Rheindt et al. (2013) [Rheindt, 2013 #14477]; although further revision needed.
11 Considered by its authors to be closely related to Z. villarejoi and requires evaluation.
12 For treatment as a separate species from Z. gracilipes; see Rheindt et al. (2008, 2013) [Rheindt, 2008 #11258], [Rheindt, 2013 #14477].
13 The improbus group was treated as a separate species by Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197]. Rheindt et al. (2013) [Rheindt, 2013 #14477] agreed and found petersi to also be separable and close to Z. gracilipes.
14 Rheindt et al. (2013) [Rheindt, 2013 #14477] concluded that this taxon did not belong in Z. chrysops.
15 For recognition of this, Z. improbus and Z. petersi as species separate from Z. vilissimus see Rheindt et al. (2013) [Rheindt, 2013 #14477].
16 For separation from Z. viridiflavus see Zimmer (1941) [Zimmer, 1941 #4298], Ridgely & Tudor (1994) [Ridgely, 1994 #3272] and Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197]; but see Rheindt et al. (2013) [Rheindt, 2013 #14477].
17 Possibly comprises more than one species; see Rheindt et al. (2013) [Rheindt, 2013 #14477].
18 Considered to form a superspecies with Z. chrysops; see Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].
19 For correct date see Duncan (1937) [Duncan, 1937 #1442].
20 Includes viridissimus; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
21 Treated as a separate species by Ridgely & Tudor (2009) [Ridgely, 2009 #12008].
22 Considered to form a superspecies with S. napensis; see Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].
23 Treated as a separate species by Ridgely & Tudor (2009) [Ridgely, 2009 #12008].
24 Probably polyphyletic; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
25 Considered to form a superspecies with I. tenuirostris; see Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].
26 For treatment as a separate species from I. subflava; see Zimmer & Whittaker (2000) [Zimmer, 2000 #4324].
27 Includes savannophilus; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
28 Sister genus is Camptostoma; see Tello et al. (2009) [Tello, 2009 #12002].
29 Forms a superspecies with O. brunneicapillus; see Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636], A.O.U. (1983) [A.O.U., 1983 #8].
30 Includes dilutus; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
31 Includes ridgwayi and thyellophila Parkes & Phillips, 1999 [Parkes, 1999 #2950]; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
32 Probably consists of multiple species; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197] and Rheindt et al. (2008) [Rheindt, 2008 #11259]. Subspecies groups follow Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
33 Considered to form a superspecies with C. imberbe; see A.O.U. (1983) [A.O.U., 1983 #8] and Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].
34 For correct date see Duncan (1937) [Duncan, 1937 #1442].
35 The name major is rendered as majus in the neuter form.
36 Includes venezuelae; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
37 For best date to use see Dickinson et al. (2011) [Dickinson, 2011 #13287].
38 Proposed subspecies bogotensis considered to represent intergradation between this and pusillum; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
39 For correct date see Duncan (1937) [Duncan, 1937 #1442].
40 Dual original spellings; for First Reviser see David et al. (2009) [David, 2009 #11541].
41 Evidence of receipt of this issue of the Journal für Ornithologie by the Zoological Society of London in August 1890 (see Ibis, 1891, p. 616) strongly suggests delayed publication.
42 Species sequence based on Rheindt et al. (2008) [Rheindt, 2008 #11257].
43 May deserve treatment as a separate species; see Rheindt et al. (2008) [Rheindt, 2008 #11257].
44 For correct date see Duncan (1937) [Duncan, 1937 #1442].
45 Considered to form a superspecies with E. ridleyana; see Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].
46 For separation of this from E. spectabilis see Sick (1985) [Sick, 1985 #3643].
47 May deserve treatment as a separate species; see Ridgely & Greenfield (2001) [Ridgely, 2001 #3274] and Rheindt et al. (2008) [Rheindt, 2008 #11257].
48 For correction of author see Quaisser & Weller (2005) [Quaisser, 2005 #3173].
49 For correct date see Duncan (1937) [Duncan, 1937 #1442].
50 Subspecies groups follow Rheindt et al. (2009) [Rheindt, 2009 #11895].
51 For correct date see Duncan (1937) [Duncan, 1937 #1442].
52 Rheindt et al. (2009) [Rheindt, 2009 #11895] provided evidence that suggested that the subspecies chilensis is actually more closely related E. pallatangae.
53 For treatment as a separate species from E. pallatangae; see Rheindt et al. (2008) [Rheindt, 2008 #11257].
54 Subspecies groups follow A.O.U. (1998) [A.O.U., 1998 #9].
55 May deserve treatment as a separate species; see Rheindt et al. (2008) [Rheindt, 2008 #11257].
56 Includes panamensis; see Traylor (1979) [Traylor, 1979 #3870] and Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197]. But see Restall et al. (2006) [Restall, 2006 #12477].
57 Species sequence derived from Rheindt et al. (2009) [Rheindt, 2009 #11995].
58 Probably consists of two or more species, and M. olallai is nested within currently defined M. caniceps; see Rheindt et al. (2009) [Rheindt, 2009 #11995].
59 Includes Serpophaga araguayae; see Silva (1990) [Silva, 1990 #13785].
60 For date correction see Browning & Monroe (1991) [Browning, 1991 #542].
61 May consist of more than one species; see Hilty (2003) [Hilty, 2003 #12443], Rheindt et al. (2009) [Rheindt, 2009 #11995].
62 Includes subcinereus; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
63 For correct date see Duncan (1937) [Duncan, 1937 #1442].
64 May consist of more than one species; see Hilty (2003) [Hilty, 2003 #12443] and Rheindt et al. (2009) [Rheindt, 2009 #11995].
65 Doubtfully distinct from accola; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
66 Doubtfully distinct from accola; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
67 Doubtfully distinct from accola; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
68 For correct date see Duncan (1937) [Duncan, 1937 #1442].
69 Found to be sister genus to Myiopagis, and these two sister to Elaenia by Tello et al. (2009) [Tello, 2009 #12002].
70 Treated as a separate species by Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636] but see Hayes (2001) [Hayes, 2001 #1917] and Zimmer et al. (2001) [Zimmer, 2001 #4326].
71 Hayes (2001) [Hayes, 2001 #1917] suspected this form to be of hybrid origin.
72 This name was placed in synonymy by Kirwan et al. (2014) [Kirwan, 2014 #15628] in a work that that should be consulted and reveals that our treatment of this genus awaits a published correction.
73 Formerly merged into Phylloscartes, but see Lanyon (1988) [Lanyon, 1988 #2324], Ohlson et al. (2008, 2013) [Ohlson, 2008 #10820], [Ohlson, 2013 #14349] and Tello et al. (2009) [Tello, 2009 #12002].
74 Date 1860 generally accepted; see Dickinson et al. (2011) [Dickinson, 2011 #13287]. Use of 1869 by Dickinson (2003) [Dickinson, 2003 #9533] was a mistake.
75 Includes amazona; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
76 Probably polyphyletic; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197], Ohlson et al. (2008, 2013) [Ohlson, 2008 #10820], [Ohlson, 2013 #14349] and Tello et al. (2009) [Tello, 2009 #12002].
77 Ohlson et al. (2013) signalled that the generic names Tyranniscus, Acrochordopus and Xanthomyias would eventually need to be brought into use, but as yet taxon sampling is incomplete.
78 Species sequence follows Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197] with P. weedeni inserted next to its supposed closest relative.
79 For best date to use see Dickinson et al. (2011) [Dickinson, 2011 #13287].
80 Possibly merits species status; see Herzog et al. (2008) [Herzog, 2008 #11855].
81 May merit treatment as a separate species; see Wetmore (1972) [Wetmore, 1972 #4153], Stiles & Skutch (1989) [Stiles, 1989 #13786], Ridgely & Tudor (1994) [Ridgely, 1994 #3272] and treated in a superspecies by Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].
82 For correct date see Dickinson et al. (2011) [Dickinson, 2011 #13287].
83 Treated as a separate species, including subspecies wetmorei, viridiceps and bunites, by Stiles & Skutch (1989) [Stiles, 1989 #13786].
84 For best date to use see Dickinson et al. (2011) [Dickinson, 2011 #13287].
85 This and the species P. reiseri and P. urichi were treated as conspecific in Traylor (1977) [Traylor, 1977 #10719]. These form a superspecies; see Fitzpatrick, (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197] with which P. sclateri was previously associated.
86 For treatment as a separate species from P. virescens see Zimmer (1955) [Zimmer, 1955 #13787] and Stotz (1990) [Stotz, 1990 #3752].
87 For treatment as a separate species from P. virescens see Silva (1996) [Silva, 1996 #660].
88 For correct date see Duncan (1937) [Duncan, 1937 #1442].
89 Includes cristatus, caucae and pallidiceps; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
90 May consist of more than one species; see Ridgely & Greenfield (2001) [Ridgely, 2001 #3274] and Rheindt et al. (2008) [Rheindt, 2008 #11259].
91 Date 1860 generally accepted see Dickinson et al. (2011) [Dickinson, 2011 #13287].
92 Includes ignobilis; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
93 Treated in Myiopagis by Traylor (1979) [Traylor, 1979 #3870]; but see Lanyon (1988) [Lanyon, 1988 #2324] and Tello et al. (2009) [Tello, 2009 #12002].
94 Includes cinereifrons; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
95 Probably polyphyletic; see Lanyon (1988) [Lanyon, 1988 #2324] and Ohlson et al. (2008) [Ohlson, 2008 #10820]. Ohlson et al. (2013) [Ohlson, 2013 #14349] suggested placement of some species in the Euscarthmini and M. leucophrys in the Elaenini but implied the latter is the type species of Mecocerculus which it is not, so all species are provisionally retained here in the sequence used by Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
96 Forms a superspecies with M. hellmayri; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
97 For correct date see Duncan (1937) [Duncan, 1937 #1442].
98 Includes gularis; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
99 Includes montensis and palliditergum; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
100 Possibly a separate species; see Fjeldså & Krabbe (1990) [Fjeldså, 1990 #1570].
101 Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197] noted that evidence for treatment of P. pectoralis and P. superciliaris as congeneric is weak.
102 May deserve species rank; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
103 May deserve species rank; see Fjeldså & Krabbe (1990) [Fjeldså, 1990 #1570].
104 Considered to form a superspecies with P. dinelliana; see Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].
105 For extraction of this name from synonymy and treatment as a separate species from P. flaviventris; see Abalos & Areta (2009) [Abalos, 2009 #11786].
106 Includes Holmbergphaga Chebez & Agnolin, 2012 [Chebez, 2012 #14326]; a junior synonym of Ridgwayornis Bertoni, 1926 [Bertoni, 1926 #14362]. This proposed split not yet evaluated.
107 Perhaps not diagnosable from pallida; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
108 For continued treatment as a species separate from S. subcristata see Herzog (2001) [Herzog, 2001 #1956]. Includes S. griseiceps; see Herzog & Barnett (2004) [Herzog, 2004 #1958].
109 For recognition of this genus see Lanyon (1988) [Lanyon, 1988 #2324] and DuBay & Witt (2012) [DuBay, 2012 #14333]. But see Roy et al. (1999) [Roy, 1999 #3407].
110 Considered to form a superspecies with U. agraphia by Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].
111 For placement here see DuBay & Witt (2012) [DuBay, 2012 #14333].
112 For treatment as a separate species from A. reguloides see Fjeldså & Krabbe (1990) [Fjeldså, 1990 #1570]. May be considered an allospecies.
113 Considered to form a superspecies with A. nigrocristatus; see Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].
114 Sister species is A. parulus; see Roy et al. (1999) [Roy, 1999 #3407].
115 For proposal of new family-group name see Ohlson et al. (2013) [Ohlson, 2013 #14349].
116 For basal placement, in relation to the tribe Tyranni, and sister relationships see Tello et al. (2009) [Tello, 2009 #12002] and Olson et al. (2013) [Ohlson, 2013 #14349].
117 For correct date see Dickinson et al. (2011) [Dickinson, 2011 #13287].
118 May consist of more than one species; see Leger & Mountjoy (2003) [Leger, 2003 #2364].
119 Validity of this subspecies doubtful; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
120 Genus possibly non-monophyletic in respect to Deltarhynchus; see Ohlson et al. (2008) [Ohlson, 2008 #10820].
121 For correct date see Browning & Monroe (1991) [Browning, 1991 #542].
122 Validity of subspecies requires further work; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
123 Introduced to Bermuda.
124 For best date to use see Dickinson et al. (2011) [Dickinson, 2011 #13287].
125 Placed in monotypic genus Philohydor W.E. Lanyon, 1984 [Lanyon, 1984 #2318] by Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197]; but evidence not conclusive, see Tello et al. (2009) [Tello, 2009 #12002].
126 Doubtfully distinct from flavigularis; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
127 A re-evaluation of the subspecific limits is needed; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
128 Considered to form a superspecies with M. hemichrysus; see Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].
129 Formerly spelled bairdi, but see Traylor (1979) [Traylor, 1979 #3872].
130 Re-evaluation of the validity of subspecific limits is required; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
131 Subspecies groups follow Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].
132 May consist of more than one species; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197]. Subspecies groups follow Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].
133 For best date to use see Dickinson et al. (2011) [Dickinson, 2011 #13287].
134 May constitute a separate species; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
135 Perhaps not diagnosable from nominate granadensis; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
136 Doubtfully diagnosable; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
137 For best date to use see Dickinson et al. (2011) [Dickinson, 2011 #13287].
138 Considered to form a superspecies with C. parvus; see Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].
139 Doubtfully diagnosable; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
140 For treatment as a separate species from C. albovittatus; see Ridgely & Tudor (1994) [Ridgely, 1994 #3272] and Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
141 May deserve treatment as a separate species; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
142 Erected as a monotypic genus; the species was treated in the genus Conopias by Traylor (1979) [Traylor, 1979 #3872].
143 For best date to use see Dickinson et al. (2011) [Dickinson, 2011 #13287].
144 May deserve treatment as a separate species; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
145 Erected as a monotypic genus; use here follows Tello et al. (2009) [Tello, 2009 #12002] and Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
146 Placed in monotypic genus Griseotyrannus W.E. Lanyon, 1984 [Lanyon, 1984 #2318] by Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197]. But see Tello et al. (2009) [Tello, 2009 #12002].
147 For apparent polyphyly of this genus see Tello et al. (2009) [Tello, 2009 #12002]. More complete study needed.
148 Includes chubbii Davis, 1979 [Davis, 1979 #1131]; but see Vuilleumier & Mayr (1987) [Vuilleumier, 1987 #4069] who considered this a nomen dubium and unavailable.
149 For best date to use see Dickinson et al. (2011) [Dickinson, 2011 #13287].
150 Doubtfully diagnosable; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
151 Includes pompalis; see Monson & Phillips (1981) [Monson, 1981 #15454].
152 For date correction see Woodman (2010) [Woodman, 2010 #13512].
153 Weakly differentiated; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
154 Includes flavescens; see Buden & Olson (1989) [Buden, 1989 #2854] and Garrido et al. (2009) [Garrido, 2009 #11962].
155 Treated as a separate species by Garrido et al. (2009) [Garrido, 2009 #11962].
156 Treated as a separate species by Garrido et al. (2009) [Garrido, 2009 #11962].
157 Usually cited from Vieillot, 1808, a part work wherein part dates have not been reliably established; for correct source see Sherborn (1930) [Sherborn, 1930 #15467].
158 For establishment of tribe see Tello et al. (2009) [Tello, 2009 #12002].
159 Considered to form a superspecies with R. holerythra; see Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].
160 Considered to form a superspecies with C. fuscus; see Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].
161 For best date to use see Dickinson et al. (2011) [Dickinson, 2011 #13287].
162 For treatment as a separate species from S. sibilator, see Donegan (2013) [Donegan, 2013 #15433].
163 For treatment as a separate species from S. sibilator, see Donegan (2013) [Donegan, 2013 #15433].
164 For treatment as a separate species from S. sibilator, see Donegan (2013) [Donegan, 2013 #15433].
165 Species sequence based on Joseph et al. (2004) [Joseph, 2004 #2160] and on Sari & Parker (2012) [Sari, 2012 #14339].
166 Probably consists of more than one species; see Joseph et al. (2003, 2004) [Joseph, 2003 #2158], [Joseph, 2004 #2160].
167 For best date to use see Dickinson et al. (2011) [Dickinson, 2011 #13287].
168 Includes albimarginatus Mees, 1985 [Mees, 1985 #2629]; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
169 For correct date see Duncan (1937) [Duncan, 1937 #1442].
170 Has been thought to form a superspecies with M. cephalotes; see Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636]. But see Joseph et al. (2004) [Joseph, 2004 #2160].
171 Races weakly differentiated; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
172 Not safely dated 1860; see Dickinson et al. (2011) [Dickinson, 2011 #13287].
173 Considered to form a superspecies with M. panamensis; see Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].
174 Genetic data, see Joseph et al. (2004) [Joseph, 2004 #2160], suggest that this taxon may be nested with M. ferox, but the voucher specimen of venezuelensis from which the blood sample was taken needs corroboration.
175 Appears to consist of more than one species; see Joseph & Wilke (2004) [Joseph, 2004 #2159] and Joseph et al. (2004) [Joseph, 2004 #2160]. However, few subspecies screened and further work required. See also Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
176 Considered to form a superspecies with M. tuberculifer; see Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].
177 Considered to form a superspecies with M. sagrae, M. antillarum and M.oberi; see Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636]. But found to be paraphyletic in respect to M. sagrae, see Joseph et al. (2004) [Joseph, 2004 #2160], perhaps suggesting subspecies mis-attributed.
178 A re-evaluation of the validity of the recognised subspecies is needed; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
179 Considered to form a superspecies with M. nuttingi; see Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].
180 Doubtfully diagnosable; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
181 For recommended date see Dickinson et al. (2011) [Dickinson, 2011 #13287].
182 Paraphyletic and needing revision; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197]. Here provisionally treated as two subspecies groups, but brachyurus may not be assigned correctly.
183 Paraphyly is apparent in the findings of Joseph et al. (2004) [Joseph, 2004 #2160] and Sari & Parker (2012) [Sari, 2012 #14339].
184 More importantly, Fitzpatrick suggested the molecular evidence revealed a separate sibling species may co-occupy northernmost S America and used the name M. erythrocercus Sclater & Salvin, 1869 for that (and this might subsume M. nugator).
185 Paraphyly is apparent in the findings of Joseph et al. (2004) [Joseph, 2004 #2160] and Sari & Parker (2012) [Sari, 2012 #14339].
186 Doubtfully diagnosable; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
187 Doubtfully diagnosable; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
188 Probably derived from Central American M. tyrannulus group; see Sari & Parker (2012) [Sari, 2012 #14339].
189 For basal relationships in relation to the Fluvicolinae; see Ohlson et al. (2013) [Ohlson, 2013 #14349].
190 For correct date see Duncan (1937) [Duncan, 1937 #1442].
191 For correct date see Dickinson et al. (2011) [Dickinson, 2011 #13287]; based on Evenhuis (1997) [Evenhuis, 1997 #12439].
192 Sequence of genera follows Ohlson et al. (2013) [Ohlson, 2013 #14349], except species to be extracted from the genus Myiophobus not inserted, as apparently no existing genus-group name is available.
193 Some previously included species now assigned to Nephelomyias. The species M. flavicans and M. cryptoxanthus, taking the generic name with them, belong basally to the Fluvicolinae, see Ohlson et al. (2013) [Ohlson, 2013 #14349] and above; but are retained here with the remaining species, which will apparently require the proposal of a new genus-group name for those eventually retained here.
194 The species M. flavicans, M. phoenicomitra, M. roraimae and perhaps M. inornatus are more closely related to Ochthoeca; see Ohlson et al. (2009) [Ohlson, 2009 #12031].
195 For identification of type species see Hellmayr in Cory & Hellmayr (1927) [Cory, 1927 #10405].
196 Considered to form a superspecies with M. cryptoxanthus; see Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].
197 Subspecies groups follow A.O.U. (1998) [A.O.U., 1998 #9].
198 For correct date see Duncan (1937) [Duncan, 1937 #1442].
199 See Steinheimer et al. (2006) [Steinheimer, 2006 #4439] for correction to authorship.
200 May merit treatment as a separate species; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
201 For correct date see Duncan (1937) [Duncan, 1937 #1442].
202 For correct date see Duncan (1937) [Duncan, 1937 #1442].
203 For correct date see Duncan (1937) [Duncan, 1937 #1442].
204 Not recognised in Dickinson (2003) [Dickinson, 2003 #9533] or in Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197] following Garcia-Moreno et al. (1998) [Garcia-Moreno, 1998 #1653]. Here recognised based on Tello et al. (2009) [Tello, 2009 #12002] and Ohlson et al. (2013) [Ohlson, 2013 #14349]; but also based on evidence originally provided by Lanyon (1986) [Lanyon, 1986 #2322].
205 Considered to form a superspecies with S. jelskii; see Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].
206 Subspecies groups based on Garcia-Moreno et al. (1998) [Garcia-Moreno, 1998 #1653].
207 Includes orientalis; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
208 Probably two discrete, and perhaps diagnosable, populations since their range is interrupted by spodionota. For renewed recognition see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
209 Treated, with boliviana as a subspecies, as a separate species by García-Moreno et al. (1998) [García-Moreno, 1998 #1653].
210 For treatment as a separate species from S. pulchella; see Traylor (1985) [Traylor, 1985 #14896].
211 Considered to form a superspecies with S. pulchella; see Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].
212 Includes meridana; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
213 Includes cajamarcae; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
214 Formerly placed in Ochthoeca, but see Lanyon (1986) [Lanyon, 1986 #2322].
215 See Steinheimer et al. (2006) [Steinheimer, 2006 #4439] for correction to authorship.
216 Subspecies groups follow Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].
217 Treated as a separate species by Ridgely & Greenfield (2001) [Ridgely, 2001 #3274] and Hilty (2003) [Hilty, 2003 #12443].
218 Garcia-Moreno et al. (1998) [Garcia-Moreno, 1998 #1653] recommended that thoracica be treated as a separate species.
219 May consist of more than one species; see Hilty (2003) [Hilty, 2003 #12443].
220 Considered to form a superspecies with O. piurae; see Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].
221 Date 1937 given by Dickinson (2003) [Dickinson, 2003 #9533] was miscopied.
222 May be best included in interior; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
223 For replacement in Ochthoeca; see Tello et al. (2009) [Tello, 2009 #12002] and Ohlson et al. (2013) [Ohlson, 2013 #14349]. But see Garcia-Moreno et al. (1998) [Garcia-Moreno, 1998 #1653].
224 For treatment as a separate species from S. modestus, see Traylor (1982) [Traylor, 1982 #3873]. Subspecies groups follow Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636] and A.O.U. (1998) [A.O.U., 1998 #9].
225 Doubtfully diagnosable from pallens; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
226 For correct date see Steinheimer et al. (2006) [Steinheimer, 2006 #4439].
227 Validity of proposed subspecies major, breeding grounds unknown, is doubtful; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197]. Treatment of that name as that of the type species by Traylor (1979) [Traylor, 1979 #3871] did not take account of the well-conceived views of Zimmer (1941) [Zimmer, 1941 #15468].
228 Subspecies groups follow Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].
229 For correct date see Steinheimer et al. (2006) [Steinheimer, 2006 #4439].
230 See Steinheimer et al. (2006) [Steinheimer, 2006 #4439] for correction to authorship.
231 Considered to form a superspecies with F. albiventer; see Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].
232 For treatment as a separate species from F. pica; see Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636] and Ridgely & Tudor (1994) [Ridgely, 1994 #3272].
233 Possibly a separate species; see Ridgely & Greenfield (2001) [Ridgely, 2001 #3274] and Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
234 Formerly treated in the genus Fluvicola, but see Lanyon (1986) [Lanyon, 1986 #2322].
235 For establishment of tribe see Tello et al. (2009) [Tello, 2009 #12002].
236 Considered to form a superspecies with L. oreas; see Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].
237 Species sequence follows Hosner & Moyle (2012) [Hosner, 2012 #14337].
238 Possibly a separate species; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
239 Subspecies poorly differentiated; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
240 For treatment as a separate species from K. aterrimus see Silva & Oren (1992) [Silva, 1992 #15455] and Hosner & Moyle (2012) [Hosner, 2012 #14337].
241 Explicitly named for Prof. Elizabeth Hofling.
242 For correct date see Duncan (1937) [Duncan, 1937 #1442].
243 For treatment as a separate species from K. signatus see Hosner & Moyle (2012) [Hosner, 2012 #14337].
244 For treatment as a species separate from M. alpinus; see Chesser (2000) [Chesser, 2000 #743].
245 For possible close relationship with M. alpinus; see Fjeldså & Krabbe (1990) [Fjeldså, 1990 #1570] and Chesser (2000) [Chesser, 2000 #743].
246 Possibly a separate species; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
247 For recognition see Ridgely & Tudor (1994) [Ridgely, 1994 #3272].
248 First described not in the Voyage de la Coquille but three years earlier in the Annales des Sciences Naturelles.
249 Races weakly differentiated; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
250 Formerly placed in Myiotheretes, but see Lanyon (1986) [Lanyon, 1986 #2322].
251 Weakly differentiated from nominate form; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
252 Treated in the genus Myiotheretes by Traylor (1979) [Traylor, 1979 #3871].
253 Includes Heteroxolmis Lanyon, 1986 [Lanyon, 1986 #2322]; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
254 Considered to form a superspecies with X. coronatus; see Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].
255 For treatment as a separate species from X. rubetra see Ridgely & Tudor (1994) [Ridgely, 1994 #3272] and Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
256 Previously treated in Neoxolmis, but see Lanyon (1986) [Lanyon, 1986 #2322].
257 Considered to form a superspecies with X. salinarum; see Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].
258 Previously, e.g. by Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636], treated in the genus Heteroxolmis Lanyon, 1986 [Lanyon, 1986 #2322]; but see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
259 For correct date see Duncan (1937) [Duncan, 1937 #1442].
260 Likely to be an intergrade in the context of clinal variation; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
261 Includes leucurus; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
262 Traylor (1979) [Traylor, 1979 #3871] used the name andicola, stating that it was not a homonym for andecola. That may have been so at the time as the 1961 version of the Code applied. Under the present Code (I.C.Z.N., 1999) [I.C.Z.N., 1999 #2059] Art. 58.12. does consider it a homonym and it may not be used.
263 Doubtfully diagnosable; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
264 Considered to form a superspecies with M. fuscorufus; see Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].
265 For diagnosis and erection of this tribe; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12098].
266 Formerly placed in the genus Ochthoeca but see Lanyon (1986) [Lanyon, 1986 #2322].
267 Probably comprises several species; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197] and Tobias & Seddon (2007) [Tobias, 2007 #9430].
268 Species included here treated in Empidonax by Traylor (1979) [Traylor, 1979 #3871]. See also Cicero & Johnson (2002) [Cicero, 2002 #774].
269 Species groups follow Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636] and A.O.U. (1998) [A.O.U., 1998 #9].
270 See Banks (1997) [Banks, 1997 #199] for use of this name in place of johnstonei.
271 For recommended date see Dickinson et al. (2011) [Dickinson, 2011 #13287].
272 Considered to form a superspecies with M. olivaceus; see Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].
273 Includes burleighi and nicaraguae; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
274 Includes vividus; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
275 Includes eminulus; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
276 Subspecies groups follow A.O.U. (1998) [A.O.U., 1998 #9].
277 For best date to use see Dickinson et al. (2011) [Dickinson, 2011 #13287].
278 Includes pallidus, see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197]; and yukonensis, see Browning (1976) [Browning, 1976 #14911]. But for recognition of yukonensis; see Dickerman (2005) [Dickerman, 2005 #9821].
279 For treatment as a separate species from E. traillii, see Stein (1953, 1958) [Stein, 1953 #14474], [Stein, 1958 #14473].
280 For recognition of subspecies see Unitt (1987) [Unitt, 1987 #15461] and Browning (1993) [Browning, 1993 #546]. See also Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197] and Paxton et al. (2010) [Paxton, 2010 #15462].
281 Subspecies spodius Oberholser, 1974 [Oberholser, 1974 #2809] is not diagnosable, see Browning (1978) [Browning, 1978 #536].
282 May comprise more than one species, see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
283 Considered to form a superspecies with E. occidentalis and E. flavescens; see Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].
284 Subspecies groups follow A.O.U. (1998) [A.O.U., 1998 #9].
285 May merit treatment as a separate species, see Johnson (1980, 1994) [Johnson, 1980 #14475], [Johnson, 1994 #14452], Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
286 For treatment as a separate species from E. difficilis, see Johnson (1980) [Johnson, 1980 #14475].
287 Diagnosability of some subspecies questionable, see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
288 For best date to use see Dickinson et al. (2011) [Dickinson, 2011 #13287].
289 Previously named C. borealis but see Banks & Browning (1996) [Banks, 1996 #198]. Formerly treated in the monotypic genus Nuttallornis.
290 For treatment as a separate species from C. fumigatus see A.O.U. (1983) [A.O.U., 1983 #8] and Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].
291 Includes pallidiventris; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
292 For best date to use see Dickinson et al. (2011) [Dickinson, 2011 #13287].
293 For treatment as a separate species from C. fumigatus see A.O.U. (1983) [A.O.U., 1983 #8] and Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].
294 Considered to form a superspecies with C. pertinax and C. lugubris; see A.O.U. (1983) [A.O.U., 1983 #8] and Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].
295 Validity of some races questionable; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
296 May constitute a separate species; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
297 Includes amplus and siccicola; see Browning (1990) [Browning, 1990 #539] and Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
298 Includes griscomi; see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
299 Considered to form a superspecies with C. sordidulus and C. cinereus; see Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].
300 May comprise more than one species, see Fitzpatrick (2004) [Fitzpatrick, 2004 #12197].
301 Treated as a separate species by Ridgely & Greenfield (2001) [Ridgely, 2001 #3274].
302 The status and exact date of the name florentinoi Regalado Ruiz, 1977, is unclear. We have been unable to see the original publication and can give no reference to it, but see Buden & Olson (1989) [Buden, 1989 #2854].
303 Forms a superspecies with C. pallidus and C. hispaniolensis; see A.O.U. (1998) [A.O.U., 1998 #9].
304 For treatment as a separate species from C. caribaeus, see Reynard et al. (1993) [Reynard, 1993 #3258].
305 For treatment as a separate species from C. caribaeus, see Reynard et al. (1993) [Reynard, 1993 #3258].
306 Records from Guyana and E Brazil not identified to subspecies.
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