H&M4 Checklist family by family - The Trust for Avian Systematics

Back to families© Text, layout and database rights belong to the Trust for Avian Systematics 2021.

DENDROCOLAPTIDAE - Woodcreepers¹ (16:51)

SITTASOMINAE

CERTHIASOMUS Derryberry et al., 2010 M - Sittasomus stictolaemus von Pelzeln, 1868; type by original designation²

Certhiasomus stictolaemus Spot-throated Woodcreeper

clarior (J.T. Zimmer, 1929) vNE Amazonian Brazil (R. Negro to Amapá), French Guiana; Guyana

secundus (Hellmayr, 1904) vS Venezuela (S Amazonas), S Colombia to NE Peru (to N Ucayali), W Amazonian Brazil (east to R. Negro, R. Madeira)

stictolaemus (von Pelzeln, 1868) vS Amazonian Brazil (R. Madeira to lower R. Tocantins and Maranhão, south to N Mato Grosso)

DECONYCHURA Cherrie, 1891 F - Deconychura typica Cherrie, 1891; type by original designation

Deconychura longicauda³ Long-tailed Woodcreeper

1 typica Cherrie, 1891 vS Honduras (Olancho), NC and SW Costa Rica to C Panama (Chiriquí, Veraguas)

1 darienensis Griscom, 1929 vE Panama, NW Colombia (NW Antioquia to middle Magdalena valley)

1 minor Todd, 1919⁴ αvNC Colombia (Santander)

2 longicauda (von Pelzeln, 1868) iThe Guianas, N Amazonian Brazil (R. Negro to Amapá)

3 connectens J.T. Zimmer, 1929 iE Colombia, S Venezuela, E Ecuador, E Peru (west of R. Ucayali), NW Amazonian Brazil (upper R. Negro)

3 pallida J.T. Zimmer, 1929 vE and SE Peru (east of R. Ucayali), S Amazonian Brazil (east to R. Tapajós and N Mato Grosso), N Bolivia

3 zimmeri O.M. de O. Pinto, 1974 iSE Amazonian Brazil (R. Tocantins, R. Tapajós to Maranhão) [Pinto, 1974 #3091]

SITTASOMUS Swainson, 1827 M - Dendrocolaptes sylviellus Temminck, 1821; type by original designation

Sittasomus griseicapillus⁵ Olivaceous Woodcreeper

1 jaliscensis Nelson, 1900⁶ vMexico (S Nayarit, E San Luis Potosí, SW Tamaulipas to Isthmus of Tehuantepec)

1 sylvioides Lafresnaye, 1850⁷ iS Mexico (SE Veracruz, C Tabasco to N and S Chiapas) to NW Colombia (N Córdoba, N Bolívar)

1 gracileus Bangs & J.L. Peters, 1928 vSE Mexico (Yucatan Pen. to E Tabasco, S Campeche, S Quintana Roo), N Guatemala (Petén), N Belize

1 perijanus W.H. Phelps, Sr. & Gilliard, 1940 vNE Colombia (NW Magdalena, W Guajira), NW Venezuela (Sierra de Perijá)

1 tachirensis W.H. Phelps & W.H. Phelps, Jr., 1956 vNE Colombia (S Bolívar, Santander), W Venezuela (SW Táchira) [Phelps, 1956 #3041]

1 griseus Jardine, 1847 vN Venezuela (S and W Lara to Mérida, SW Barinas; C and SE Falcón to Sucre, N Monagas); Tobago

2 amazonus Lafresnaye, 1850 vS Venezuela, SE Colombia to E Peru (south to Madre de Dios), W Amazonian Brazil (east to R. Negro, R. Madeira, south to NW Mato Grosso)

2 axillaris J.T. Zimmer, 1934 vSE Venezuela (N and C Amazonas, Bolívar), Guyana, French Guiana, N Amazonian Brazil (lower R. Negro to Amapá); Surinam

2 viridis Carriker, 1935⁸ vExtreme SE Peru (E Puno), N and E Bolivia (Beni, La Paz, Cochabamba, N and E Santa Cruz)

2 transitivus O.M. de O. Pinto & de Camargo, 1948 vS Amazonian Brazil (from R. Tapajós, R. Madeira, south to NE Mato Grosso)

2 griseicapillus (Vieillot, 1818) iSE Bolivia (S Santa Cruz to Tarija), SC Brazil (SW Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul), N and W Paraguay, NC Argentina (to Catamarca, N Santa Fé)

3 reiseri Hellmayr, 1917 iNE Brazil (S Maranhão, Ceará, Pernambuco to Tocantins, N and W Bahia)

4 olivaceus zu Wied, 1831 vCoastal E Brazil (SE Bahia)

4 sylviellus (Temminck, 1821) iSE and S Brazil (from SE Goiás, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo), SE Paraguay, NE Argentina, NE Uruguay

5 aequatorialis Ridgway, 1891 vW Ecuador (from W Esmeraldas) to NW Peru (Tumbes)

DENDROCINCLA G.R. Gray, 1840 F - Dendrocolaptes turdinus M.H.C. Lichtenstein, 1820; type by original designation ⁹

Dendrocincla tyrannina Tyrannine Woodcreeper

tyrannina (Lafresnaye, 1851)¹⁰ vW and C Andes from C Colombia (Antioquia) to W Bolivia (W La Paz)

hellmayri Cory, 1913¹¹ iE slope of E Andes in NE Colombia (Norte de Santander, Boyacá), W Venezuela (W Táchira)

Dendrocincla merula¹² White-chinned Woodcreeper

1 merula (M.H.C. Lichtenstein, 1820) iThe Guianas, N Brazil (Roraima, east of R. Branco in N Pará)

1 obidensis Todd, 1948 vAmazonian Brazil (N bank of R. Amazon from R. Negro to Amapá)

2 bartletti C. Chubb, 1919 iC Venezuela, C Colombia to N Bolivia, W Amazonian Brazil (east to R. Negro and R. Madeira)

2 remota Todd, 1925 vEC Bolivia (N Santa Cruz), Brazil (NW edge of Pantanal)

2 olivascens J.T. Zimmer, 1934 iS Amazonian Brazil (R. Madeira to R. Tapajós)

2 castanoptera Ridgway, 1888 vS Amazonian Brazil (R. Tapajós to R. Tocantins)

2 badia J.T. Zimmer, 1934 vSE Amazonian Brazil (R. Tocantins to Maranhão)

Dendrocincla homochroa Ruddy Woodcreeper

homochroa (P.L. Sclater, 1860) αvSE Mexico (N and NE Oaxaca, Yucatan Pen.) to NE Nicaragua

acedesta Oberholser, 1904 vPacific slope from SW Nicaragua to W Panama; Caribbean slope of N and C Costa Rica

ruficeps P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 1868 iC and E Panama (E Chiriquí) to NW Colombia (N Chocó)

meridionalis W.H. Phelps & W.H. Phelps, Jr., 1953 vSierra de Perijá, Andes of W Venezuela (Mérida, Táchira) [Phelps, 1953 #3036]

Dendrocincla anabatina Tawny-winged Woodcreeper

anabatina P.L. Sclater, 1859 vCaribbean slope from S Mexico (SE Veracruz, NE Oaxaca to S Quintana Roo) to NE Nicaragua

typhla Oberholser, 1904 vSE Mexico (E Yucatán, N Campeche, N Quintana Roo)

saturata Carriker, 1910¹³ vPacific slope of Costa Rica (from Golfo de Nicoya) to W Panama (W Chiriquí)

Dendrocincla fuliginosa^14,15 Plain-brown Woodcreeper

1 ridgwayi Oberholser, 1904 iSE Honduras to E Panama, W Colombia (Chocó to upper Sinú and Atrato valleys), W Ecuador, NW Peru

1 lafresnayei Ridgway, 1888 iN and E Colombia (Santa Marta, Magdalena, Cauca valleys), NW Venezuela (NW Zulia, Mérida, Táchira)

1 meruloides (Lafresnaye, 1851) iN Venezuela (Lake Maracaibo to Paria Pen., south to Guárico, Monagas); Trinidad, Tobago

1 barinensis W.H. Phelps & W.H. Phelps, Jr., 1949¹⁶ vNE Colombia (Norte de Santander, Boyacá, Arauca), WC Venezuela (Portuguesa to Táchira, Apure)

1 deltana W.H. Phelps & W.H. Phelps, Jr., 1950 vNE Venezuela (Delta Amacuro) [Phelps, 1950 #3031]

1 phaeochroa von Berlepsch & E. Hartert, 1902 iSE Colombia, S Venezuela (NW Bolívar, Amazonas), NW Amazonian Brazil (upper R. Negro, R. Branco)

1 neglecta Todd, 1948¹⁷ vE Ecuador, E Peru and W Amazonian Brazil (east to R. Negro and R. Madeira)

2 fuliginosa (Vieillot, 1818) vSE Venezuela (E Bolívar), the Guianas, N Amazonian Brazil (lower R. Negro to Amapá)

2 atrirostris (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838) vSE Peru (Cuzco, Madre de Dios), Bolivia, adjacent SW Amazonian Brazil (east to R. Tapajós)

2 rufoolivacea Ridgway, 1888¹⁸ vSE Amazonian Brazil (R. Tapajós to N Maranhão)

2 trumaii Sick, 1950 iS Amazonian Brazil (upper R. Xingu in N Mato Grosso) [Sick, 1950 #3637]

3 taunayi O.M. de O. Pinto, 1939¹⁹ iNE Brazil (E Pernambuco, E Alagoas)

Dendrocincla turdina ²⁰ (M.H.C. Lichtenstein, 1820) Plain-winged Woodcreeper

vE and SE Brazil (E Bahia to N Rio Grande do Sul, SE Mato Grosso do Sul), E and C Paraguay, NE Argentina (Misiones, NE Corrientes)

DENDROCOLAPTINAE

GLYPHORYNCHUS zu Wied, 1831 M - Glyphorynchus ruficaudus zu Wied, 1831; type by monotypy = Dendrocolaptes cuneatus M.H.C. Lichtenstein, 1820 ²¹

Glyphorynchus spirurus²² Wedge-billed Woodcreeper

pectoralis P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 1860²³ vSE Mexico (from S Veracruz) to C and W Panama (E Colón, W Chiriquí)

pallidulus Wetmore, 1970 vE Panama, NW Colombia (N Chocó) [Wetmore, 1970 #4152]

subrufescens Todd, 1948 iSE Panama (SW Darién), W Colombia, W Ecuador (to NW Guayas, SE El Oro)

integratus J.T. Zimmer, 1946 vN Colombia (to W Boyacá, NW Arauca), W Venezuela (Zulia, S Táchira, W Mérida, NW Barinas, SE Lara)

rufigularis J.T. Zimmer, 1934²⁴ vE Colombia (from Meta, Vichada), S Venezuela (S Bolívar, Amazonas), NE Ecuador (upper R. Napo), NW Brazil (east to R. Negro)

amacurensis W.H. Phelps & W.H. Phelps, Jr., 1952 vNE Venezuela (Sucre, Delta Amacuro) [Phelps, 1952 #3034]

spirurus (Vieillot, 1819) iE Venezuela (NE Bolívar), the Guianas, N Amazonian Brazil (lower R. Negro to Amapá)

coronobscurus W.H. Phelps & W.H. Phelps, Jr., 1955 vS Venezuela (Serranía de la Neblina in S Amazonas) [Phelps, 1955 #3039]

castelnaudii Des Murs, 1856 αiNE and E Peru (south to Junín), SW Amazonian Brazil (east to R. Madeira)

albigularis Chapman, 1923 vSE Peru (Puno), N Bolivia (to La Paz, Cochabamba)

inornatus J.T. Zimmer, 1934 vS Amazonian Brazil (R. Madeira to R. Tapajós, south to SW Mato Grosso); NE Bolivia (NE Santa Cruz)

paraensis O.M. de O. Pinto, 1974 vSE Amazonian Brazil (R. Tapajós to N Maranhão, including Ilha de Marajó) [Pinto, 1974 #3091]

cuneatus (M.H.C. Lichtenstein, 1820) vCoastal E Brazil (N Bahia to N Espírito Santo)

DENDREXETASTES Eyton, 1851 M - Dendrexetastes capitoides Eyton, 1851; type by monotypy = Dendrocolaptes rufigula Lesson, 1844 ²⁵

Dendrexetastes rufigula Cinnamon-throated Woodcreeper

devillei (Lafresnaye, 1850) iS Colombia, E Ecuador, E Peru, W Amazonian Brazil (east to R. Madeira, R. Negro), N Bolivia

rufigula (Lesson, 1844) iE Venezuela (NE Bolívar, S Delta Amacuro), the Guianas, N Brazil (N Roraima, R. Negro to Amapá)

moniliger J.T. Zimmer, 1934 iS Amazonian Brazil (R. Madeira to lower R. Tocantins, south to Mato Grosso)

paraensis Lorenz von Liburnau, 1895 vSE Amazonian Brazil (E Pará east of R. Tocantins) [Pinto, 1974 #3091]

NASICA Lesson, 1830 M - Nasica nasalis Lesson, 1830; type by monotypy = Dendrocopus longirostris Vieillot, 1818

Nasica longirostris (Vieillot, 1818) Long-billed Woodcreeper

vE Colombia, S Venezuela, E Ecuador, NC and E Peru, Amazonian Brazil, N Bolivia; C and E French Guiana

DENDROCOLAPTES Hermann, 1804 M - Gracula cayennensis J.F. Gmelin, 1788; type by subsequent designation (G.R. Gray, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 18). = Picus certhia Boddaert, 1783

Dendrocolaptes sanctithomae²⁶ Northern Barred Woodcreeper

sheffleri Binford, 1965 iSW Mexico (Guerrero, Sierra Madre del Sur in Oaxaca) [Binford, 1965 #302]

sanctithomae (Lafresnaye, 1852)²⁷ iSE Mexico (S Veracruz, Yucatan Pen.; Chiapas) to N and W Colombia, NW Ecuador (Pichincha; NW Guayas)

hesperius Bangs, 1907 vSW Costa Rica (including Osa Pen.), W Panama (Chiriquí)

punctipectus W.H. Phelps, Sr. & Gilliard, 1940²⁸ iN Colombia (middle Magdalena valley to Santander; Norte de Santander), NW Venezuela (Maracaibo basin to W Mérida)

Dendrocolaptes certhia²⁹ Amazonian Barred Woodcreeper

certhia (Boddaert, 1783) iE Colombia (E Guainía), S and E Venezuela, the Guianas, N Amazonian Brazil (R. Negro to Amapá)

radiolatus P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 1868 vSE Colombia, NW Amazonian Brazil (east to R. Negro), E Ecuador, N and C Peru (west of R. Ucayali to Junín)

juruanus H. von Ihering, 1905 vSE Peru (Cuzco to Puno), SW Amazonian Brazil (east to R. Madeira, south to NW Mato Grosso), N Bolivia (Pando, Beni)

polyzonus Todd, 1913 vC Bolivia (La Paz, Cochabamba, Santa Cruz), SE Peru

concolor von Pelzeln, 1868^30,31 iS Amazonian Brazil (R. Madeira to R. Xingu, south to Mato Grosso), NE Bolivia (NE Santa Cruz)

medius Todd, 1920 vNE Amazonian Brazil (R. Tocantins to NW Maranhão; Pernambuco, Alagoas)

retentus Batista et al., 2013 vBrazil (south of R. Amazon from R. Xingu to R. Tocantins in Pará) [Batista, 2013 #14815]

Dendrocolaptes hoffmannsi Hellmayr, 1909 Hoffmanns's Woodcreeper

iS Amazonian Brazil (R. Madeira to R. Tapajós, south to Rondônia, SW Mato Grosso)

Dendrocolaptes picumnus^32,33 Black-banded Woodcreeper

1 puncticollis P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 1868 vS Mexico (Chiapas), C Guatemala, W Honduras

1 seilerni E. Hartert & Goodson, 1917 iN Colombia (Santa Marta), N Venezuela (Falcón, Yaracuy to Aragua; Anzoátegui, Sucre, N Monagas)

1 olivaceus J.T. Zimmer, 1934 vC Bolivia (La Paz, Cochabamba, Santa Cruz)

2 multistrigatus Eyton, 1851 vSierra de Perijá, Andes of Colombia (except Nariño), W Venezuela (Zulia, Táchira to E Trujillo)

2 costaricensis Ridgway, 1909³⁴ vC and SE Costa Rica, W Panama (W Chiriquí, Veraguas)

2 validus von Tschudi, 1844 vSE Colombia to E Peru, N Bolivia, W Amazonian Brazil (east to R. Negro and R. Madeira, south to Mato Grosso)

2 picumnus M.H.C. Lichtenstein, 1820 iS and E Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar), the Guianas, N Amazonian Brazil (R. Negro to Amapá)

2 transfasciatus Todd, 1925 vSE Amazonian Brazil (R. Tapajós to R. Xingu, south to N Mato Grosso)

3 pallescens von Pelzeln, 1868³⁵ iE Bolivia (Santa Cruz to Tarija), S Brazil (W Mato Grosso, W Mato Grosso do Sul), W Paraguay

Dendrocolaptes platyrostris³⁶ Planalto Woodcreeper

intermedius von Berlepsch, 1883 vNE, C and SC Brazil (SE Pará, W Pernambuco to Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais), E Paraguay

platyrostris von Spix, 1824 vE and SE Brazil (S Bahia, E Minas Gerais to Rio Grande do Sul), SE Paraguay, NE Argentina

HYLEXETASTES P.L. Sclater, 1889 M - Dendrocolaptes perrotii Lafresnaye, 1844; type by original designation and monotypy

Hylexetastes perrotii^37,38 Red-billed Woodcreeper

1 perrotii (Lafresnaye, 1844) iE Venezuela (E Bolívar), the Guianas, N Amazonian Brazil (lower R. Negro and C Roraima to Amapá)

2 uniformis Hellmayr, 1909³⁹ vS Amazonian Brazil (R. Madeira to upper R. Xingu, south to SW Mato Grosso), NE Bolivia (NE Santa Cruz)

3 brigidai J.M.C. Silva, Novaes & Oren, 1995⁴⁰ iSE Amazonian Brazil (R. Xingu to R. Tocantins and R. Araguaia) [Silva, 1995 #659]

Hylexetastes stresemanni Bar-bellied Woodcreeper

insignis J.T. Zimmer, 1934 vNW Amazonian Brazil (N bank of R. Uaupés), Colombia (Vaupés)

stresemanni E. Snethlage, 1925 iNW Amazonian Brazil (lower R. Negro to R. Amazon)

undulatus Todd, 1925 vE Peru (upper R. Ucayali), N Bolivia (Pando), SW Amazonian Brazil (east to R. Purus and R. Madeira)

XIPHOCOLAPTES Lesson, 1840 M - Dendrocopus albicollis Vieillot, 1818; type by subsequent designation (G.R. Gray, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 28). ⁴¹

Xiphocolaptes albicollis⁴² White-throated Woodcreeper

villanovae J.L. Lima, 1920⁴³ iNE Brazil (NE Bahia) [Lima, 1920 #2393]

bahiae Cory, 1919 iE Brazil (E and C Bahia)

albicollis (Vieillot, 1818) vSE and S Brazil (S Bahia to S Rio Grande do Sul), E Paraguay, NE Argentina (Misiones, NE Corrientes)

Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus⁴⁴ Strong-billed Woodcreeper

1 omiltemensis Nelson, 1903 vSW Mexico (Sierra Madre del Sur in C Guerrero)

1 sclateri Ridgway, 1890⁴⁵ iE and SE Mexico (SE San Luis Potosí, Hidalgo, W Veracruz, N Oaxaca)

1 emigrans P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 1859 iS Mexico (Chiapas), N Guatemala, W Belize, El Salvador to NC Nicaragua

1 costaricensis Ridgway, 1889⁴⁶ αvC Costa Rica, SW Panama (W Chiriquí)

1 panamensis Griscom, 1927 vS Panama (Veraguas, Coclé)

2 sanctaemartae Hellmayr, 1925 iN Colombia (Santa Marta Mts.)

2 rostratus Todd, 1917⁴⁷ vN Colombia (Córdoba, Sinú valley to Serranía de San Lucas in Bolívar, Magdalena valley)

2 fortis F. Heine, Sr., 1860 vN Colombia; W Venezuela

2 virgatus Ridgway, 1890^48,49 vC Andes of Colombia (W slope in Cauca, E slope to R. Magdalena)

2 promeropirhynchus (Lesson, 1840)⁵⁰ N Colombia (W slope of E Andes east of R. Magdalena), W Venezuela (Sierra de Perijá, Trujillo to Táchira)

2 procerus Cabanis & F. Heine, Sr., 1860 αvN and C Venezuela (NW Zulia, N Mérida, Lara; Yaracuy; Carabobo to Miranda, E Guárico; Sucre to Anzoátegui; NE Bolívar)

2 macarenae Blake, 1959 iWC Colombia (S Meta, Sierra de la Macarena and E foothills in Caquetá) [Blake, 1959 #319]

2 neblinae W.H. Phelps & W.H. Phelps, Jr., 1955 iS Venezuela (Serranía de la Neblina in S Amazonas), N Brazil [Phelps, 1955 #3039]

2 tenebrosus J.T. Zimmer & W.H. Phelps, Sr., 1948 vTepuis of SE Venezuela (SE Bolívar), Guyana (Serra Acari) and N Brazil (N Roraima); lowlands of Guyana and French Guiana

2 crassirostris Taczanowski & von Berlepsch, 1885⁵¹ vW slope of Andes in SW Ecuador (W El Oro, Loja), NW Peru (Tumbes, Piura)

2 compressirostris Taczanowski, 1882 vAndes of N Peru (Amazonas, Cajamarca, San Martín)

2 phaeopygus von Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1896 vAndes of C Peru (Junín)

2 lineatocephalus (G.R. Gray, 1847) iAndes in SE Peru (Cuzco, Puno), W and C Bolivia (La Paz, Cochabamba, W Santa Cruz)

2 solivagus J. Bond, 1950 vE Peru (Chanchamayo valley in Junín, north to Huánuco)

3 orenocensis von Berlepsch & E. Hartert, 1902 vE Colombia, S Venezuela (Amazonas), NE Ecuador, NE Peru, NW Amazonian Brazil (east to R. Negro)

3 berlepschi E. Snethlage, 1908 iSW Amazonian Brazil (south of R. Amazon to R. Madeira)

3 paraensis O.M. de O. Pinto, 1945 vS Amazonian Brazil (R. Madeira to R. Xingu, south to N Mato Grosso)

3 carajaensis J.M.C. Silva, Novaes & Oren, 2002⁵² vSE Amazonian Brazil (R. Xingu to R. Tocantins and R. Araguaia) [Silva, 2002 #663]

3 obsoletus Todd, 1917 vN and E Bolivia (La Paz to Santa Cruz)

Xiphocolaptes falcirostris Moustached Woodcreeper

falcirostris (von Spix, 1824) vNE Brazil (E Maranhão, Ceará to W Paraíba, W Pernambuco, to NW Bahia)

franciscanus E. Snethlage, 1927⁵³ vE Brazil (W Bahia, N and NW Minas Gerais west of R. São Francisco)

Xiphocolaptes major Great Rufous Woodcreeper

remoratus O.M. de O. Pinto, 1945 vC Brazil (SW Mato Grosso)

castaneus Ridgway, 1890 vNC and E Bolivia (from Beni), SW Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul), NW Argentina (SE Jujuy, N Salta)

estebani J.M.C. Silva & Oren, 1991 iNW Argentina (Tucumán) [Silva, 1991 #657]

major (Vieillot, 1818) vParaguay, N Argentina (Jujuy, Salta, Formosa to N Córdoba, NE Santa Fé)

XIPHORHYNCHUS Swainson, 1827 M - Xiphorhynchus flavigaster Swainson, 1827; type by subsequent designation (Oberholser, 1905, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., 48, p. 52). ⁵⁴

Xiphorhynchus fuscus⁵⁵ Lesser Woodcreeper

atlanticus (Cory, 1916) vNE Brazil (Ceará, Paraíba to Alagoas)

pintoi Longmore & Silveira, 2005⁵⁶ iNE Brazil (W Bahia) [Longmore, 2005 #9412]

tenuirostris (M.H.C. Lichtenstein, 1820) vCoastal E Brazil (C Bahia to Espírito Santo)

fuscus (Vieillot, 1818) vSE Brazil (S Goiás, Espírito Santo to NE and C Rio Grande do Sul), S and SE Paraguay, NE Argentina

Xiphorhynchus elegans⁵⁷ Elegant Woodcreeper

buenavistae J.T. Zimmer, 1948⁵⁸ iSC Colombia (W Meta, upper R. Orinoco in Caquetá; upper Magdalena valley in Huila)

ornatus J.T. Zimmer, 1934⁵⁹ vSE Colombia (E Vaupés, S Amazonas), E Ecuador, NE Peru (north of R. Marañón), NW Brazil (east to R. Içá)

insignis (Hellmayr, 1905)⁶⁰ vEC Peru (south of R. Marañón, west of R. Ucayali)

juruanus (H. von Ihering, 1905)⁶¹ vE Peru (east of R. Ucayali), SW Amazonian Brazil (to R. Purus, upper R. Madeira, to Acre), NW Bolivia (Pando, Beni, La Paz)

elegans (von Pelzeln, 1868) iS Amazonian Brazil (R. Madeira to R. Tapajós, R. Teles Pires to SW Mato Grosso), NE Bolivia (NE Santa Cruz)

Xiphorhynchus spixii ⁶² (Lesson, 1830) Spix's Woodcreeper

iSE Amazonian Brazil (R. Tapajós and R. Teles Pires to N Maranhão, including Ilha de Marajó)

Xiphorhynchus ocellatus^63,64 Ocellated Woodcreeper

1 napensis Chapman, 1924 vS Colombia (SE Nariño, W Caquetá), E Ecuador, NE Peru (south to R. Marañón)

1 chunchotambo (von Tschudi, 1844)⁶⁵ NE and E Peru (south of R. Marañón to Ucayali and Junín)

1 brevirostris J.T. Zimmer, 1934 vSE Peru (Cuzco, Puno), N and C Bolivia (La Paz and W Beni to W Santa Cruz)

2 lineatocapilla (von Berlepsch & Leverkühn, 1890)⁶⁶ iE Venezuela (R. Orinoco)

2 beauperthuysii (Pucheran & Lafresnaye, 1850)^67,68,69,70 iSE Colombia (E Guainía to S Amazonas), S Venezuela (SW Amazonas), NE Peru, NW Brazil (east to R. Negro); E Ecuador

3 perplexus J.T. Zimmer, 1934 vNE Peru (south of R. Amazon, from lower R. Ucayali, R. Huallaga), SW Amazonian Brazil (to R. Tefé, R. Purus to Acre)

3 ocellatus (von Spix, 1824) vS Amazonian Brazil (R. Purus to lower R. Tocantins)

Xiphorhynchus pardalotus Chestnut-rumped Woodcreeper

caurensis Todd, 1948 vS and SE Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar), N Brazil (N Amazonas, N Roraima), W Guyana; E Colombia

pardalotus (Vieillot, 1818) vThe Guianas, N Amazonian Brazil (R. Negro to Amapá)

Xiphorhynchus obsoletus Striped Woodcreeper

notatus (Eyton, 1852)⁷¹ αvE Colombia (Arauca, Vichada), W and S Venezuela, NW Amazonian Brazil (east to upper R. Negro)

caicarae J.T. Zimmer & W.H. Phelps, Sr., 1955⁷² iC Venezuela (middle Orinoco valley in NW Bolívar) [Zimmer, 1955 #4321]

palliatus (Des Murs, 1856) αvSE Colombia to E Peru, W Amazonian Brazil (east to R. Negro and R. Juruá), N Bolivia (to N La Paz, NW Beni)

obsoletus (M.H.C. Lichtenstein, 1820) vE Venezuela (Delta Amacuro), the Guianas, Amazonian Brazil (lower R. Negro to Amapá; R. Madeira to R. Tocantins, to W and N Mato Grosso); NE Venezuela (E Monagas); NE Bolivia (NE Santa Cruz)

Xiphorhynchus susurrans^73,74 Cocoa Woodcreeper

1 confinis (Bangs, 1903) vCaribbean slope of NE Guatemala, N Honduras

1 costaricensis (Ridgway, 1888) vSE Honduras to W Panama (W Chiriquí, W Bocas del Toro); SE Guatemala

1 marginatus Griscom, 1927 vC Panama (E Chiriquí, Veraguas, W Azuero Pen.)

1 nana (Lawrence, 1863)^75,76 δiE Panama, N Colombia, W and N Venezuela (Zulia, Táchira, W Apure to N Guárico, E Miranda)

1 rosenbergi Bangs, 1910 iW Colombia (upper Cauca valley in Valle)

2 jardinei (Dalmas, 1900) iNE Venezuela (NE Anzoátegui to Paria Pen.; N Monagas)

2 margaritae W.H. Phelps & W.H. Phelps, Jr., 1949 iIsla de Margarita, off N Venezuela

2 susurrans (Jardine, 1847) iTrinidad and Tobago; NE Venezuela (SE Sucre)

Xiphorhynchus guttatus⁷⁷ Buff-throated Woodcreeper

1 polystictus (Salvin & Godman, 1883) vE Colombia (E Vichada), S and E Venezuela, N Brazil (Roraima), Guyana and Surinam

1 connectens Todd, 1948 iNE Amazonian Brazil (R. Amazon from Manaus to Amapá)

1 guttatus (M.H.C. Lichtenstein, 1820) vCoastal E Brazil (Paraíba to N Rio de Janeiro)

2 guttatoides (Lafresnaye, 1850) iSE Colombia, S Venezuela to E Peru, W Amazonian Brazil (east to R. Negro, R. Madeira, south to N Mato Grosso)

2 dorbignyanus (Pucheran & Lafresnaye, 1850) vN and E Bolivia (La Paz, Beni, Cochabamba, Santa Cruz), S Brazil (Bolivian border to C Goiás)

3 vicinalis Todd, 1948 vS Amazonian Brazil (R. Madeira to R. Tapajós)

3 eytoni (P.L. Sclater, 1854)⁷⁸ iSE Amazonian Brazil (R. Tapajós to W Maranhão)

3 gracilirostris O.M. de O. Pinto & de Camargo, 1957⁷⁹ vNE Brazil (Serra do Baturité in Ceará) [Pinto, 1957 #3086]

Xiphorhynchus flavigaster Ivory-billed Woodcreeper

tardus Bangs & J.L. Peters, 1928 vNW Mexico (SE Sonora, N Sinaloa)

mentalis (S.F. Baird, 1867)^80,81 vW Mexico (C and S Sinaloa to S Michoacán)

flavigaster Swainson, 1827 iSW Mexico (Guerrero, S Oaxaca)

saltuarius Wetmore, 1942^82,83 vNE Mexico (S Tamaulipas, E San Luis Potosí, E Hidalgo, E Puebla, N Veracruz)

yucatanensis Ridgway, 1909 vSE Mexico (Yucatan Pen.)

ascensor Wetmore & Parkes, 1962⁸⁴ iS Mexico (S Veracruz, N Oaxaca to Tabasco, N Chiapas), Guatemala [Wetmore, 1962 #4145]

eburneirostris (Des Murs, 1847) vC Guatemala, Belize to Honduras; N Costa Rica; S Mexico (extreme SE Oaxaca, S Chiapas) to NW Costa Rica

ultimus Bangs & Griscom, 1932⁸⁵ vNW Costa Rica (Nicoya Pen.)

Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus Black-striped Woodcreeper

lachrymosus (Lawrence, 1862) vE Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, W Colombia, NW Ecuador (Esmeraldas; NW Pichincha; N Manabí)

eximius (Hellmayr, 1903)⁸⁶ vSW Costa Rica, W Panama (W Chiriquí, Veraguas)

alarum Chapman, 1915 iN Colombia (upper Sinú valley, lower Cauca valley and middle Magdalena valley to Santander)

Xiphorhynchus erythropygius⁸⁷ Spotted Woodcreeper

1 erythropygius (P.L. Sclater, 1860) αvC and S Mexico (extreme SE San Luis Potosí, E Hidalgo, E Puebla, W Veracruz to C Oaxaca; Guerrero)

1 parvus Griscom, 1937 vS Mexico (SE Oaxaca, Chiapas), NW El Salvador to NC Nicaragua; S Belize

2 punctigula (Ridgway, 1889) iSE Nicaragua to C Panama (to Veraguas)

2 insolitus Ridgway, 1909 vC and E Panama (east from C Panamá), NW Colombia (south to N Chocó, east to C Antioquia, N Caldas)

2 aequatorialis (von Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1884) vW Colombia (from C Chocó; upper Atrato valley) to SW Ecuador (to W Loja)

Xiphorhynchus triangularis⁸⁸ Olive-backed Woodcreeper

hylodromus Wetmore, 1939 vN Venezuela (Trujillo, SE Lara, Yaracuy to Miranda, Distrito Federal)

triangularis (Lafresnaye, 1842) vAndes of W Venezuela (Zulia, SW Táchira, Mérida), Colombia to N Peru (E slope to R. Marañón)

intermedius Carriker, 1935⁸⁹ vE slope of Andes in C Peru (Pasco, Junín)

bangsi Chapman, 1919 iE slope of Andes from SE Peru (Cuzco) to C Bolivia (W Santa Cruz)

DENDROPLEX Swainson, 1827 M - Dendroplex guttatus von Spix, 1824, misidentified = Oriolus picus J.F. Gmelin, 1788; type by subsequent monotypy (Swainson, 1837, Natural History and Classification of Birds, 2, p. 314).⁹⁰

Dendroplex picus Straight-billed Woodcreeper

1 extimus Griscom, 1927 vC and E Panama, NW Colombia (lower Atrato valley and upper Sinú valley in Córdoba)

1 dugandi Wetmore & W.H. Phelps, Sr., 1946 iNW Colombia (S Santa Marta to Sierra de Perijá, south to N Chocó and in Magdalena valley to N Huila)

1 picirostris Lafresnaye, 1847 vN Colombia (NW Santa Marta to Guajira Pen.), NW Venezuela (to mouth of Lake Maracaibo)

1 paraguanae (W.H. Phelps & W.H. Phelps, Jr., 1962) iNW Venezuela (W Falcón to Paraguaná Pen. in N Lara) [Phelps, 1962 #4423]

1 longirostris Richmond, 1896 vIsla de Margarita, off N Venezuela

1 phalarus Wetmore, 1939⁹¹ δvN Venezuela (Portuguesa, W Apure, NW Bolívar to E Anzoátegui, Sucre)

1 choicus Wetmore & W.H. Phelps, Sr., 1946⁹² vNC Venezuela (E Falcón, Carabobo to Miranda)

2 saturatior Hellmayr, 1925 vColombia (Norte de Santander to Meta), W Venezuela (C and S Maracaibo basin in S Zulia, NW Táchira, W Mérida)

2 duidae J.T. Zimmer, 1934 iE Colombia (upper R. Orinoco, upper R. Negro in E Vichada), S Venezuela (NW Bolívar, N Amazonas), NW Brazil (Roraima)

2 altirostris (Léotaud, 1866) vTrinidad

2 deltanus (W.H. Phelps & W.H. Phelps, Jr., 1952)⁹³ vNE Venezuela (Delta Amacuro) [Phelps, 1952 #3034]

2 picus (J.F. Gmelin, 1788)⁹⁴ iE Venezuela, the Guianas, N and E Brazil (lower R. Negro to Amapá; R. Madeira to Ceará, Pernambuco, south to Goiás, on coast to N Rio de Janeiro); SW Brazil, SE Colombia, NE Ecuador

2 peruvianus J.T. Zimmer, 1934⁹⁵ vE Peru, SW Amazonian Brazil (to R. Juruá, R. Madeira) and N and E Bolivia (to Cochabamba, Santa Cruz)

Dendroplex kienerii ⁹⁶ (Des Murs, 1856) Zimmer's Woodcreeperα

SE Colombia, NE Peru to Brazil (R. Amazon to NW Mato Grosso); NE Ecuador (R. Napo)

CAMPYLORHAMPHUS W. Bertoni, 1901 M - Campylorhamphus longirostris Bertoni, 1901; type by monotypy = Dendrocopus falcularius Vieillot, 1822 ⁹⁷

Campylorhamphus falcularius ⁹⁸ (Vieillot, 1822) Black-billed Scythebillα

vSE Brazil (C Bahia to N Rio Grande do Sul), E Paraguay, NE Argentina (Misiones, NE Corrientes)

Campylorhamphus pusillus Brown-billed Scythebill

borealis Carriker, 1910 vCosta Rica, W Panama (W Chiriquí, W Bocas del Toro)

olivaceus Griscom, 1927⁹⁹ vC and E Panama (Veraguas to E Darién)

tachirensis W.H. Phelps & W.H. Phelps, Jr., 1956¹⁰⁰ vColombia/Venezuela border (Sierra de Perijá, E Andes) [Phelps, 1956 #3042]

pusillus (P.L. Sclater, 1860) vAndes of Colombia (except extreme NE), Ecuador, N Peru (on E slope to Cajamarca, San Martín)

guapiensis Romero-Zambrano, 1980¹⁰¹ vSW Colombia (Cauca) [Romero-Zambrano, 1980 #3376]

Campylorhamphus trochilirostris^102,103 Red-billed Scythebill

1 brevipennis Griscom, 1932 vC and E Panama (N Coclé, E Panamá to Darién), NW Colombia (to N Chocó)

1 venezuelensis (Chapman, 1889) vN Colombia, N and C Venezuela (to Sucre, south to R. Orinoco; NW and S Bolívar)

2 thoracicus (P.L. Sclater, 1860) vSW Colombia (SW Nariño), W Ecuador (to W Loja)

2 zarumillanus Stolzmann, 1926 vNW Peru (Tumbes, Piura)

3 napensis Chapman, 1925 vE Ecuador, E Peru

3 notabilis J.T. Zimmer, 1934¹⁰⁴ vSW Amazonian Brazil (lower R. Purus to lower R. Madeira)

3 snethlageae J.T. Zimmer, 1934 iC Amazonian Brazil (R. Amazon from R. Madeira to R. Tapajós)

3 devius J.T. Zimmer, 1934 vBolivia (Pando, Beni to Tarija); SE Peru (Puno), SW Amazonian Brazil (Acre, SW Amazonas)

3 lafresnayanus (d'Orbigny, 1846) vE Bolivia (Santa Cruz), SW Brazil (W Mato Grosso, W Mato Grosso do Sul), W Paraguay (to R. Pilcomayo)

3 hellmayri Laubmann, 1930 iSW Paraguay (Ñeembucú), N Argentina (Salta, Formosa, W Corrientes to La Rioja, Entre Ríos)

3 major Ridgway, 1911¹⁰⁵ vE and S Brazil (Piauí, Ceará, W Pernambuco to Minas Gerais, W Paraná)

3 trochilirostris (M.H.C. Lichtenstein, 1820) vCoastal E Brazil (Pernambuco to SE Bahia)

Campylorhamphus procurvoides¹⁰⁶ Curve-billed Scythebill

1 sanus J.T. Zimmer, 1934¹⁰⁷ vSE Colombia, NE Ecuador, NE Peru, NW Brazil (upper R. Negro), S and E Venezuela, N Guyana

1 procurvoides (Lafresnaye, 1850) iSurinam, French Guiana, N Amazonian Brazil (lower R. Negro to Amapá)

1 gyldenstolpei Aleixo et al., 2013 W Amazonian Brazil (south of R. Amazon, east to R. Madeira) [Aleixo, 2013 #14817]

2 probatus J.T. Zimmer, 1934 vC Amazonian Brazil (south of R. Amazon, R. Madeira to R. Tapajós)

2 cardosoi Portes et al., 2013 E Amazonian Brazil (south of R. Amazon, R. Tapajós to R. Xingu) [Portes, 2013 #14818]

3 multostriatus (E. Snethlage, 1907) vE Amazonian Brazil (south of R. Amazon, R. Xingu to R. Tocantins)

DRYMOTOXERES Claramunt, Derryberry, Chesser, Aleixo & Brumfield, 2010 M - Xiphorhynchus pucheranii Lafresnaye, 1849; type by monotypy¹⁰⁸

Drymotoxeres pucheranii ^109,110 (Lafresnaye, 1849) Greater Scythebillδ

Andes in C and SW Colombia to E Peru (Amazonas, San Martín, Huánuco, Ayacucho, Cuzco)

DRYMORNIS Eyton, 1852 M - Nasica bridgesii Eyton, 1849; type by subsequent designation (G.R. Gray, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 29). ^111,112

Drymornis bridgesii (Eyton, 1849) Scimitar-billed Woodcreeper

iSE Bolivia, W Paraguay, W and C Uruguay, S Brazil (SW Rio Grande do Sul), N and C Argentina (to N Río Negro)

LEPIDOCOLAPTES Reichenbach, 1853 M - Dendrocolaptes squamatus M.H.C. Lichtenstein, 1822; type by subsequent designation (G.R. Gray, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 29). ¹¹³

Lepidocolaptes angustirostris¹¹⁴ Narrow-billed Woodcreeper

1 griseiceps Mees, 1974¹¹⁵ iS Surinam; N Brazil (E Pará, N side of lower R. Amazon in Amapá) [Mees, 1974 #2619]

1 coronatus (Lesson, 1830) vNE Brazil (S and E Maranhão to N Piauí, south to Tocantins, NW Bahia)

1 bahiae (Hellmayr, 1903) iNE Brazil (Bahia east of R. São Francisco; Ceará to Paraíba, south to E Piauí, Alagoas)

1 bivittatus (M.H.C. Lichtenstein, 1822) vC and SE Brazil (Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, south to Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo; S bank of lower R. Amazon in Pará), N and E Bolivia (La Paz, Beni, Santa Cruz)

2 hellmayri Naumburg, 1925 iAndean foothills of C Bolivia (Cochabamba, Santa Cruz, Tarija)

2 certhiolus (Todd, 1913) iC and S Bolivia (SW Santa Cruz to Tarija), W Paraguay, NW Argentina (SE Jujuy, N Salta)

2 angustirostris (Vieillot, 1818) vSW Brazil (W Mato Grosso do Sul), E Paraguay (R. Paraguay and R. Paraná)

2 praedatus (Cherrie, 1916)¹¹⁶ vN and C Argentina (to Mendoza, Buenos Aires), W and C Uruguay, S Brazil (W Rio Grande do Sul)

Lepidocolaptes albolineatus¹¹⁷ Lineated Woodcreeper

1 albolineatus (Lafresnaye, 1846) vE Venezuela (NE Bolívar; NE Monagas), the Guianas, N Brazil (north of R. Amazon, west to R. Branco)

2 duidae J.T. Zimmer, 1934 iE Colombia (Vaupés), S Venezuela (W and S Bolívar, Amazonas), E Ecuador, NE Peru, N Brazil (north of R. Amazon, east to R. Branco)

2 fuscicapillus (von Pelzeln, 1868) iE Bolivia (NE Santa Cruz), SW Brazil (SW Mato Grosso)

2 madeirae (Chapman, 1919)¹¹⁸ iC Amazonian Brazil (south of R. Amazon, R. Madeira to R. Tapajós)

2 layardi (P.L. Sclater, 1873) iE Amazonian Brazil (south of R. Amazon, west to R. Tapajós)

2 fatimalimae E.B. Rodrigues, Aleixo, Whittaker & Naka, 2013¹¹⁹ E Peru, N and C Bolivia, W Amazonian Brazil (south of R. Amazon, east to R. Madeira) [Rodrigues, 2013 #14816]

Lepidocolaptes souleyetii Streak-headed Woodcreeper

guerrerensis van Rossem, 1939 vSW Mexico (Guerrero, Sierra Madre del Sur in SW Oaxaca)

compressus (Cabanis, 1861)¹²⁰ vS Mexico (S Veracruz, NE Oaxaca) to W Panama (E Chiriquí, W Bocas del Toro)

lineaticeps (Lafresnaye, 1850)¹²¹ iC and E Panama, N and E Colombia (except Santa Marta), W Venezuela (Táchira, W Mérida, W Barinas)

littoralis (E. Hartert & Goodson, 1917) vN Colombia, N and C Venezuela (NW Zulia to Sucre, south to R. Orinoco), Guyana, N Brazil (upper R. Branco); Trinidad

uaireni W.H. Phelps & W.H. Phelps, Jr., 1950 iSE Venezuela (SE Bolívar)

esmeraldae Chapman, 1923¹²² iSW Colombia (Nariño), W Ecuador (to S El Oro)

souleyetii (Des Murs, 1849) iSW Ecuador (S El Oro, Loja), NW Peru (to Lambayeque)

Lepidocolaptes squamatus Scaled Woodcreeper

wagleri (von Spix, 1824) iNE Brazil (S Piauí, W Bahia, N Minas Gerais west of R. São Francisco)

squamatus (M.H.C. Lichtenstein, 1822) vE and SE Brazil (C Bahia, Minas Gerais to N São Paulo)

Lepidocolaptes falcinellus ^123,124 (Cabanis & F. Heine, Sr., 1860) Scalloped Woodcreeperα

iS Brazil (N São Paulo to S Rio Grande do Sul), SE Paraguay (Alto Paraná), NE Argentina, NE Uruguay

Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger^125,126 Montane Woodcreeper

1 sanctaemartae (Chapman, 1912) iN Colombia (Santa Marta Mts.)

1 lacrymiger (Des Murs, 1849) iSierra de Perijá, E Andes of E Colombia (Norte de Santander to Bogotá), W Venezuela (Táchira to SE Lara)

1 lafresnayi (Cabanis & F. Heine, Sr., 1860)¹²⁷ αiN Venezuela (Carabobo to Miranda, SW Sucre; Lara)

1 sneiderni Meyer de Schauensee, 1945 iW Colombia (from Bogotá in W and C Andes, W slope of E range; upper Cauca, Magdalena valleys)

2 aequatorialis (Menegaux, 1912)¹²⁸ vSW Colombia (Nariño), Ecuador (to Loja); NW Peru

2 frigidus Meyer de Schauensee, 1951 vE slope of Andes in S Colombia (Nariño) [Meyer de Schauensee, 1951 #2671]

2 warscewiczi (Cabanis & F. Heine, Sr., 1860)¹²⁹ αiE slope of Andes in SE Ecuador (S Zamora-Chinchipe), N and C Peru (Cajamarca, Amazonas to Junín)

2 carabayae Hellmayr, 1920 iE slope of Andes in SE Peru (Cuzco, Puno)

2 bolivianus (Chapman, 1919) vE slope of Andes in W and C Bolivia (La Paz, Cochabamba, W Santa Cruz)

Lepidocolaptes leucogaster White-striped Woodcreeper

umbrosus R.T. Moore, 1934 vNW Mexico (E Sonora, SW Chihuahua, E Sinaloa, W Durango, Nayarit, N Jalisco)

leucogaster (Swainson, 1827) iW and S Mexico (C and S Jalisco, W Zacatecas, San Luis Potosí to S Oaxaca; WC Veracruz to SE Oaxaca)

Lepidocolaptes affinis¹³⁰ Spot-crowned Woodcreeper

lignicida (Bangs & T.E. Penard, 1919) iNE Mexico (SW Tamaulipas, E San Luis Potosí)

affinis (Lafresnaye, 1839) vE and S Mexico (SE San Luis Potosí, W Guerrero) to N Nicaragua

neglectus (Ridgway, 1909) vCosta Rica, W Panama (Chiriquí)

1 Placed in the Furnariidae by Banks et al. (2006) [Banks, 2006 #5803]; but see Moyle et al. (2009) [Moyle, 2009 #11813] including for sequence of genera modified by data in Derryberry et al. (2012) [Derryberry, 2012 #14327].

2 Formerly placed in Deconychura but found to fall in a clade requiring a new genus-group name; see Derryberry et al. (2010) [Derryberry, 2010 #12294].

3 Subspecies groups follow Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

4 Published in vol. 32, not vol. 30 as given by Peters (1951) [Peters, 1951 #3015].

5 Almost certainly consists of several species-level taxa; see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192] for summary of the problems and assignment to subspecies groups.

6 Includes harrisoni Sutton, 1955 [Sutton, 1955 #3787]; see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

7 Includes levis, veraguensis, and enochrus Wetmore, 1970 [Wetmore, 1970 #4152]; see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

8 Includes viridior; see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

9 Species sequence follows Weir & Price (2011) [Weir, 2011 #12888] and Derryberry et al. (2012) [Derryberry, 2012 #14327].

10 Includes D. macrorhyncha, treated as a valid species by Peters (1951) [Peters, 1951 #3015]; but see Meyer de Schauensee (1966) [Meyer de Schauensee, 1966 #2676] and Fjeldså & Krabbe (1986) [Fjeldså, 1986 #14930].

11 Weakly distinct from nominate tyrannina; see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

12 At least two species may be involved; see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

13 For recognition see Wetmore (1972) [Wetmore, 1972 #4153] and Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

14 Considered by Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636] and Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192] to form a superspecies with D. turdina, but see Weir & Price (2011) [Weir, 2011 #12888] and Derryberry et al. (2012) [Derryberry, 2012 #14327].

15 Subspecies groups follow Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

16 Doubtfully distinct from meruloides; see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

17 Doubtfully distinct from phaeochroa; see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

18 Doubtfully distinct from nominate fuliginosa; see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

19 For close relationship to D. turdina see Weir & Price (2011) [Weir, 2011 #12888].

20 For treatment as a separate species from D. fuliginosa see Willis (1983) [Willis, 1983 #4223], Ridgely & Tudor (1994) [Ridgely, 1994 #3272], Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192] and Weir & Price (2011) [Weir, 2011 #12888].

21 Irestedt et al. (2004) [Irestedt, 2004 #2074], reported that Glyphorynchus is the basal taxon in the family, this was supported by Derryberry et al. (2012) [Derryberry, 2012 #14327], but not by Moyle et al. (2009) [Moyle, 2009 #11813], Derryberry et al. (2011) [Derryberry, 2011 #12852] and Ohlson et al. (2013) [Ohlson, 2013 #14349].

22 May comprise at least two species; see Marks et al. (2002) [Marks, 2002 #2496], Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192] and Fernandes et al. (2013) [Fernandes, 2013 #14335].

23 Includes sublestus; see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192]. But see Wetmore (1972) [Wetmore, 1972 #4153] and Restall et al. (2006) [Restall, 2006 #12477].

24 Probably not diagnosable from castelnaudii; see Ridgely & Greenfield (2001) [Ridgely, 2001 #3274] and Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

25 Raikow (1994) [Raikow, 1994 #14931] suggested that Dendrexetastes is closely related to Campylorhamphus, contrary to their traditional placement in linear sequences, but this is refuted by genetic data; see Irestedt et al. (2004) [Irestedt, 2004 #2074] and Derryberry et al. (2012) [Derryberry, 2012 #14327].

26 Treatment as a separate species from D. certhia follows Willis (1992) [Willis, 1992 #4226]; see also Marantz (1997) [Marantz, 1997 #2483].

27 Includes nigrirostris and colombianus; see Marantz (1997) [Marantz, 1997 #2483]. Also includes legtersi Paynter, 1954 [Paynter, 1954 #2979]; see Parkes (1999) [Parkes, 1999 #2949].

28 Includes hyleorus; see Marantz (1997) [Marantz, 1997 #2483]. Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192] noted that punctipectus may deserve species rank.

29 Batista et al. (2013) [Batista, 2013 #14815] recognized all valid subspecies in the D. certhia complex as separate species, but not under BSC criteria. See also Donegan et al. (2013) [Donegan, 2013 #15409].

30 Formerly treated as a separate species, e.g. by Peters (1951) [Peters, 1951 #3015], and Meyer de Schauensee (1970) [Meyer de Schauensee, 1970 #2678]; here treated within D. certhia, following Willis & Oniki (1978) [Willis, 1978 #14932], Willis (1992) [Willis, 1992 #4226], Marantz (1997) [Marantz, 1997 #2483], and Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192]. But see Batista et al. (2013) [Baptista, 2013 #14815].

31 Includes ridgwayi; see Marantz (1997) [Marantz, 1997 #2483].

32 Subspecies group membership follows Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

33 Presumably forms a superspecies with D. hoffmannsi and D. platyrostris; see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192] for summary of controversial relationships among these taxa.

34 Includes veraguensis; see Marantz (1997) [Marantz, 1997 #2483].

35 Includes extimus; see Marantz (1997) [Marantz, 1997 #2483] (the type locality of which is open to question). Also includes casaresi; see Marantz (1997) [Marantz, 1997 #2483] and Marantz & Patten (2010) [Marantz, 2010 #13581].

36 Willis & Oniki (2001) [Willis, 2001 #4228] noted that voices of the two subspecies differ strongly and suggested that intermedius may deserve species rank.

37 May comprise more than one species; see Ridgely & Tudor (1994) [Ridgely, 1994 #3272], Silva et al. (1995) [Silva, 1995 #659], Sick (1997) [Sick, 1997 #14916] and Derryberry et al. (2012) [Derryberry, 2012 #14327]. But see also Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

38 Considered by Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636] to form a superspecies with H. stresemanni. Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192] suggested that vocal similarities and intermediate plumage of subspecies insignis suggests that the two could be treated as conspecific.

39 Treated as a separate species by Ridgely & Tudor (1994) [Ridgely, 1994 #3272]. Possibly not closely related to H. perrotii; see Derryberry et al. (2012) [Derryberry, 2012 #14327].

40 Described as a separate species, but see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

41 Species sequence follows Derryberry et al. (2012) [Derryberry, 2012 #14327].

42 Considered to form a superspecies with X. promeropirhynchus by Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636], but see Derryberry et al. (2012) [Derryberry, 2012 #14327].

43 This name appeared on the plate but villadenovae appeared with the descriptive text; an erratum slip stated that the spelling villanovae was correct. For placement in this species see Hellmayr (1925) [Hellmayr, 1925 #1063] and Pinto (1978) [Pinto, 1978 #3092]; see also Ridgely & Tudor (1994) [Ridgely, 1994 #3272].

44 Probably comprises several species; see Ridgely & Tudor (1994) [Ridgely, 1994 #3272] and Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192]. Derryberry et al. (2012) [Derryberry, 2012 #14327] found this species paraphyletic with regard to X. falcirostris and X. major.

45 Published no earlier than Feb. 5, 1890; see Anon. (1947) [Anon., 1947 #14610].

46 Published no earlier than Sept. 20, 1889; see Anon. (1947) [Anon., 1947 #14610].

47 Perhaps not diagnosable from fortis; see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

48 Perhaps not diagnosable from nominate promeropirhynchus; see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

49 Published no earlier than Feb. 5, 1890; see Anon. (1947) [Anon., 1947 #14610].

50 Includes ignotus, see Chapman (1926) [Chapman, 1926 #14933] and Ridgely & Greenfield (2001) [Ridgely, 2001 #3274]; but see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

51 Subspecies group membership uncertain; see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

52 When described treated as a separate species by Silva et al. (2002) [Silva, 2002 #663].

53 Formerly treated as a separate species, e.g. by Pinto (1938) [Pinto, 1938 #12451], Peters (1951) [Peters, 1951 #3015], and Meyer de Schauensee (1970) [Meyer de Schauensee, 1970 #2678]; here placed in X. falcirostris, following Teixeira et al. (1989) [Teixeira, 1989 #3815], Teixeira (1990) [Teixeira, 1990 #15083] and Silva & Oren (1997) [Silva, 1997 #662].

54 Species sequence follows Derryberry et al. (2012) [Derryberry, 2012 #14327].

55 For reasons to transfer this species here from the genus Lepidocolaptes see García-Moreno & Silva (1997) [García-Moreno, 1997 #1652] and Aleixo (2002) [Aleixo, 2002 #42].

56 New name proposed for brevirostris Pinto, 1938, preoccupied by X. ocellatus brevirostris Zimmer, 1934, with the transfer of this species from Lepidocolaptes to Xiphorhynchus; see Longmore & Silveira (2005) [Longmore, 2005 #9412].

57 For the transfer of subspecies buenavistae, insignis and juruanus from X. spixii to X. elegans see Haffer (1997) [Haffer, 1997 #1872] and Aleixo (2002) [Aleixo, 2002 #42].

58 May not be reliably diagnosable from ornatus; see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

59 The sympatry between this and juruanus reported by Todd (1948) [Todd, 1948 #3847], and noted by Peters (1951) [Peters, 1951 #3015], is almost certainly incorrect, see Haffer (1997) [Haffer, 1997 #1872].

60 May not be reliably diagnosable from juruanus; see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

61 Raposo & Höfling (2003) [Raposo, 2003 #3210] considered buenavistae, insignis, and ornatus to represent geographic variation within juruanus.

62 Forms a superspecies with X. elegans; see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

63 Probably comprises more than one species; see Aleixo (2002) [Aleixo, 2002 #42], Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192] and Sousa-Neves et al. (2013) [Sousa-Neves, 2013 #14856].

64 Subspecies groups based on the molecular data presented in Sousa-Neves et al. (2013) [Sousa-Neves, 2013 #14856]. See also Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

65 For treatment as a separate species, with subspecies napensis and brevirostris, see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

66 Validity of this subspecies questioned; see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192]. Taxon not sampled by Sousa-Neves et al. (2013) [Sousa-Neves, 2013 #14856].

67 This population accepted as diagnosably distinct from nominate ocellatus by Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192] who employed the name weddellii, one of the synonyms listed by Peters (1951) [Peters, 1951 #3015].

68 Penhallurick & Aleixo (2008) [Penhallurick, 2008 #10693] concluded that the type locality of weddellii was vague and was at best inappropriate for this taxon and advanced the name beauperthuysii (here adopted), another listed synonym with a type locality in NE Peru.

69 May deserve elevation to species rank; see Sousa-Neves et al. (2013) [Sousa-Neves, 2013 #14856].

70 The original description in quotation marks is attributed to Pucheran & Lafresnaye.

71 For use of 1852 see Dickinson et al. (2010, 2011) [Dickinson, 2010 #12496], [Dickinson, 2011 #12713].

72 Doubtfully distinct from nominate obsoletus; see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

73 For treatment as a separate species from X. guttatus, see Willis (1983) [Willis, 1983 #4223]. However, assignment of subspecies to the two species is controversial; see Aleixo (2002) [Aleixo, 2002 #42] and Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

74 Subspecies groups follow Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

75 Includes demonstratus; see Phelps & Phelps (1963) [Phelps, 1963 #3050] and Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

76 Spelled nanus by Peters (1951) [Peters, 1951 #3015], but the original noun nana is invariable.

77 May comprise more than one species; see Aleixo (2002) (Aleixo, 2002) [Aleixo, 2002 #42], Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192] and Derryberry et al. (2012) [Derryberry, 2012 #14327]. Subspecies groups follow Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

78 For alternative treatment as a separate species, with vicinalis and gracilirostris as subspecies, see Meyer de Schauensee (1966) [Meyer de Schauensee, 1966 #2676]; but see Aleixo (2002) [Aleixo, 2002 #42] and Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

79 Perhaps not diagnosable from eytoni; see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

80 Perhaps not diagnosable from nominate flavigaster; see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

81 Description in Lawrence's paper is in quotation marks with attribution to Baird.

82 Perhaps not diagnosable from eburneirostris; see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

83 Includes striatigularis; see Winker (1996) [Winker, 1996 #4244].

84 Perhaps not diagnosable from eburneirostris; see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

85 Perhaps not diagnosable from eburneirostris; see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

86 For recognition see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

87 Subspecies groups follow Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192]. Subspecies within each group poorly differentiated; see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

88 Considered by Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636] to form a superspecies with X. erythropygius.

89 Possibly indistinguishable from bangsi; see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

90 Formerly included in Xiphorhynchus, but see Wetmore (1972) [Wetmore, 1972 #4153] and Aleixo et al. (2007) [Aleixo, 2007 #9432] where type species re-identified and fixed under Art. 70.3 of the Code (I.C.Z.N., 1999) [I.C.Z.N., 1999 #2059].

91 Original spelling phalara; but adjectival and thus misformed with masculine Dendroplex.

92 Doubtfully distinct from picirostris; see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

93 May deserve treatment as a separate species; see Restall et al. (2006) [Restall, 2006 #12477].

94 Includes bahiae and rufescens; see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

95 Doubtfully distinct from saturatior; see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192]. Includes borreroi Meyer de Schauensee, 1959 [Meyer de Schauensee, 1959 #2674]; see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

96 Examination of the type showed this to be a senior synonym of D. necopinus; see Aleixo & Whitney (2002) [Aleixo, 2002 #43] and that treatment of kienerii as a subspecies of D. picus was misconceived.

97 Species sequence follows Derryberry et al. (2012) [Derryberry, 2012 #14327].

98 For treatment as a separate species from C. trochilirostris see Meyer de Schauensee (1966) [Meyer de Schauensee, 1966 #2676], Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636], Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192] and Derryberry et al. (2012) [Derryberry, 2012 #14327].

99 Doubtfully distinct from borealis; see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

100 Doubtfully distinct from nominate pusillus; see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

101 Doubtfully distinct from nominate pusillus; see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

102 Some subspecies assigned to this species may actually belong with C. procurvoides or with a splinter group; see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192]. Subspecies group membership follows Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

103 Considered by Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636] to form a superspecies with C. falcularius, but see Derryberry et al. (2012) [Derryberry, 2012 #14327].

104 Includes Campylorhampus procurvoides successor Todd, 1948 [Todd, 1948 #3847]; see Portes & Aleixo (2009) [Portes, 2009 #12120].

105 Includes omissus, and guttistriatus Pinto & Camargo, 1955 [Pinto, 1955 #3085]; see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

106 Probably comprises more than one species; see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192], Aleixo et al. (2013) [Aleixo, 2013 #14817] and Portes et al. (2013) [Portes, 2013 #14818]. See also Donegan et al. (2013) [Donegan, 2013 #15409]. Subspecies groups based on the molecular and vocal data presented in Aleixo et al. (2013) [Aleixo, 2013 #14817] and Portes et al. (2013) [Portes, 2013 #14818].

107 Poorly differentiated from nominate procurvoides; see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

108 The one species in this genus was formerly placed in Campylorhamphus, but see Claramunt et al. (2010) [Claramunt, 2010 #12330] and Derryberry et al. (2012) [Derryberry, 2012 #14327].

109 Dual original spellings; see David et al. (2009) [David, 2009, 11541] for First Reviser selection of pucheranii over pucherani.

110 Des Murs, usually credited with authorship of this name, gave Lafresnaye's description within quotation marks.

111 Raikow (1994) [Raikow, 1994 #14931] suggested that Drymornis was basal to all other woodcreeper genera, but genetic data in Claramunt et al. (2010) [Claramunt, 2010 #12330] and Derryberry et al. (2012) [Derryberry, 2012 #14327] indicate that this is not the case and that it is the sister genus of Drymotoxeres.

112 For use of 1852 see Dickinson et al. (2010, 2011) [Dickinson, 2010 #12496], [Dickinson, 2011 #12713].

113 Species sequence derived from Arbeláez-Cortés et al. (2012) [Arbeláez-Cortés, 2012 #14328] and Derryberry et al. (2012) [Derryberry, 2012 #14327].

114 Subspecies group membership follows Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

115 Name possibly based on individual variation (i.e. extremely pale plumage); see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

116 Includes dabbenei and chacoensis; see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

117 May comprise more than one species; see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192] and Rodrigues et al. (2013) [Rodrigues, 2013 #14816]. See also Donegan et al. (2013) [Donegan, 2013 #15409]. Subspecies groups follow Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192]. Species limits under review.

118 Rodrigues et al. (2013) [Rodrigues, 2013 #14816] found this genetically indistinguishable from subspecies fuscicapillus; but morphology not compared.

119 Described at species level but treatment at that rank awaits S.A.C.C. review of Lepidocolaptes albolineatus.

120 Includes insignis; see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

121 Subspecies lineaticeps, littoralis and uaireni weakly differentiated from one another; see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

122 May only represent the terminus of clinal variation; see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

123 For treatment as a separate species from L. squamatus see Silva & Straube (1996) [Silva, 1996 #661].

124 For reasons to date this 1860 see Dickinson et al. (2011) [Dickinson, 2011 #13287].

125 For treatment as a separate species from L. affinis see Ridgely & Tudor (1994) [Ridgely, 1994 #3272] and Marantz (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

126 Subspecies groups follow Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

127 For reasons to date this 1860 see Dickinson et al. (2011) [Dickinson, 2011 #13287].

128 Subspecies aequatorialis, carabayae, bolivianus and frigidus are weakly differentiated; see Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192].

129 For reasons to date this 1860 see Dickinson et al. (2011) [Dickinson, 2011 #13287].

130 Considered by Marantz et al. (2003) [Marantz, 2003 #12192] to form a superspecies with L. lacrymiger, but see Arbeláez-Cortés et al. (2012) [Arbeláez-Cortés, 2012 #14328] and Derryberry et al. (2012) [Derryberry, 2012 #14327].