H&M4 Checklist family by family - The Trust for Avian Systematics

Back to families© Text, layout and database rights belong to the Trust for Avian Systematics 2021.

PARIDAE - Tits and Chickadees¹ (14:59)

CEPHALOPYRUS Bonaparte, 1854 M - Aegithalus flammiceps E. Burton, 1836; type by monotypy ²

Cephalopyrus flammiceps Fire-capped Tit

flammiceps (E. Burton, 1836) iHimalayan foothills from N Pakistan to W Nepal >> N and C India

olivaceus Rothschild, 1923 vSE Xizang, WC China, Himalayan foothills (east from C Nepal) >> E Myanmar, NW Thailand, N Laos

SYLVIPARUS E. Burton, 1836 M - Sylviparus modestus E. Burton, 1836; type by monotypy

Sylviparus modestus Yellow-browed Tit

simlaensis E.C.S. Baker, 1917 vHimalayan foothills from Kashmir east to Uttarakhand

modestus E. Burton, 1836 vSC and SE China, Himalayan foothills (east from Nepal), mountains of N continental SE Asia

klossi Delacour & Jabouille, 1930 iMountains of SE Laos and SC Vietnam

MELANOCHLORA Lesson, 1839 F - Melanochlora sumatrana Lesson, 1839; type by monotypy = Parus flavocristatus Lafresnaye, 1837

Melanochlora sultanea Sultan Tit

sultanea (Hodgson, 1837)³ vSW China (W and S Yunnan), Himalayan foothills (east from E Nepal), Myanmar (south to Tenasserim), N and W Thailand

flavocristata (Lafresnaye, 1837) vThai-Malay Pen., Sumatra

seorsa Bangs, 1924 vHainan, SE China, NE and EC continental SE Asia

gayeti Delacour & Jabouille, 1925 iSC Vietnam

PARDALIPARUS Selys-Longchamps, 1884 M - Parus elegans Lesson, 1831; type by subsequent designation (Richmond, 1902, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 704).

Pardaliparus venustulus (Swinhoe, 1870) Yellow-bellied Tit

vChina (except NW, SW and NE)

Pardaliparus elegans⁴ Elegant Tit

edithae McGregor, 1907 iCalayan, Camiguin Norte (Philippines)

montigenus Hachisuka, 1930 iNW Luzon (Philippines)

gilliardi (Parkes, 1958) iBataan Pen. on W Luzon (Philippines)

elegans (Lesson, 1831) iEC and S Luzon, Catanduanes, Mindoro, Panay (Philippines)

visayanus Hachisuka, 1930 vCebu (Philippines)

albescens McGregor, 1907 iMasbate, Guimaras, Negros (Philippines)

mindanensis Mearns, 1905 vSamar, Leyte, Mindanao (Philippines)

suluensis Mearns, 1916 vSulu Arch. (except Bongao)

bongaoensis (Parkes, 1958) vBongao (Sulu Arch.)

Pardaliparus amabilis (Sharpe, 1877) Palawan Tit

vBalabac, Palawan (Philippines)

PERIPARUS Selys-Longchamps, 1884 M - Parus ater Linnaeus, 1758; type by original designation

Periparus ater Coal Tit

britannicus (Sharpe & Dresser, 1871) vBritish Isles

hibernicus (W. Ingram, 1910)⁵ vIreland [Ingram, 1910 #8448]

ater (Linnaeus, 1758) vEurope (except SW) to SW Asia and Siberia (east to Kamchatka), Russian Far East, Korea, N Mongolia, NE China

rossosibiricus (H. Johansen, 1952)⁶ vBaraba steppe, W Siberia

amurensis Buturlin, 1907⁷ vAmur valley

insularis (Hellmayr, 1902) vS Kuril Is., Japan

vieirae (F. Nicholson, 1906) iSpain, Portugal

sardus (O. Kleinschmidt, 1903) vCorsica, Sardinia

atlas (Meade-Waldo, 1901) iMorocco

ledouci (Malherbe, 1845) iN Algeria, NW Tunisia

cypriotes (Guillemard, 1888)⁸ iCyprus

moltchanovi (Menzbier, 1903) iS Crimea

michalowskii (Bogdanov, 1879) iCaucasus (except SW and E), C Transcaucasia

derjugini Sarudny & von Loudon, 1903 iNE Turkey to SW Caucasus

phaeonotus (Blanford, 1873)⁹ vE Caucasus, SE Azerbaijan, N Iran, SW Turkmenistan

rufipectus (Severtsov, 1873) iC and E Tien Shan Mts.

melanolophus (Vigors, 1831)¹⁰ vE Afghanistan, NW Pakistan, Himalayas (east to Uttarakhand)

aemodius (Blyth, 1845)¹¹ αvSE and E Xizang, Himalayas (east from E Nepal), NE Myanmar

martensi (Eck, 1998) iHimalayas of C Nepal (Kali Gandaki area) [Eck, 1998 #1479]

pekinensis (J. Verreaux, 1868)¹² αvNC to E China (east of eckodedicatus)

eckodedicatus (J. Martens, Tietze & Sun Yue-hua, 2006) vSichuan [Martens, 2006 #6938]

kuatunensis (La Touche, 1923) vSE China (Fujian)

ptilosus (Ogilvie-Grant, 1912) vTaiwan

Periparus rufonuchalis (Blyth, 1849) Rufous-naped Tit

vC Afghanistan and C Asia east to Tien Shan Mts., SW Xinjiang, NW Pakistan and Himalayan foothills (east to Himachal Pradesh)

Periparus rubidiventris Rufous-vented Tit

rubidiventris (Blyth, 1847) vHimalayan foothills from Himachal Pradesh to C Nepal

beavani (Jerdon, 1863) iSE and E Xizang, WC (south to N Yunnan) and C China, Himalayan foothills (east from E Nepal), NE Myanmar

whistleri (Stresemann, 1931)¹³ W China

saramatii (Ripley, 1961) iMt. Saramati (NW Myanmar)

BAEOLOPHUS Cabanis, 1851 M - Parus bicolor Lin. Wils.; type by original designation = Parus bicolor Linnaeus, 1766

Baeolophus wollweberi Bridled Titmouse

vandevenderi (Rea, 1986)¹⁴ iSW USA (C Arizona, SW New Mexico) [Phillips, 1986 #3071]

phillipsi (van Rossem, 1947) iSW USA (SE Arizona) and NW Mexico (E Sonora, W Chihuahua, N Sinaloa, N Durango)

wollweberi (Bonaparte, 1850) iC and S Mexico (Sinaloa, Durango and C Nuevo León to Michoacán and Puebla)

caliginosus (van Rossem, 1947) vSW Mexico (Guerrero, Oaxaca)

Baeolophus bicolor (Linnaeus, 1766) Tufted Titmouse

SE Canada (S Ontario) and E USA (SE Minnesota to S Maine, E Texas and Florida)

Baeolophus atricristatus¹⁵ Black-crested Titmouse

sennetti Ridgway, 1904¹⁶ S USA (C and S Texas) [Sennett, 1887 #3568]

paloduro J.S. Stevenson, 1940¹⁷ S USA (N Texas, SW Oklahoma; SW Texas) and N Mexico (E Chihuahua, NW Coahuila)

atricristatus (Cassin, 1850) vSC USA (S Texas) and NE Mexico (Nuevo León and Tamaulipas to N Hidalgo and N Veracruz)

Baeolophus ridgwayi¹⁸ Juniper Titmouse

ridgwayi (Richmond, 1902)¹⁹ iSW USA (S Idaho to W Oklahoma, SE Arizona and New Mexico; W Texas) and NW Mexico (NE Sonora)

zaleptus Oberholser, 1932 vW USA (SE Oregon, E California, W Nevada)

Baeolophus inornatus Oak Titmouse

inornatus (Gambel, 1845)²⁰ vW USA (SW Oregon to SW and SC California)

affabilis G.B. Grinnell & Swarth, 1926²¹ vSW USA (SW California) and NW Mexico (N Baja California)

mohavensis (A.H. Miller, 1946) vSW USA (Little San Bernardino Mts. in S California)

cineraceus (Ridgway, 1883) vNW Mexico (S Baja California)

LOPHOPHANES Kaup, 1829 M - Parus cristatus Linnaeus, 1758; type by subsequent designation (G.R. Gray, 1842, Appendix to a list of the Genera of Birds, p. 8).

Lophophanes dichrous Fulvous Tit

kangrae Whistler, 1932 iHimalayas from Kashmir to Uttarakhand

dichrous (Blyth, 1845)²² αvSE Xizang, Himalayas east from Nepal

izzardi (Biswas, 1955)²³ E Nepal and SE Xizang

dichroides Przevalski, 1876²⁴ αiNE Xizang to NC and WC China (E Qinghai, Gansu and N Sichuan to S Shaanxi)

wellsi (E.C.S. Baker, 1917) iE Xizang, SW China, NE Myanmar

Lophophanes cristatus Crested Tit

scoticus Prazák, 1897 vNC Scotland

abadiei (Jouard, 1929) iW France

weigoldi (Tratz, 1914) iS and W Iberia

cristatus (Linnaeus, 1758) vN and E Europe (south to E Carpathian Mts.)

baschkirikus Snigirewski, 1931 vSW and C Ural Mts.

mitratus (C.L. Brehm, 1831) vC Europe (south to NE Spain, Alps, Croatia and N Serbia)

bureschi (von Jordans, 1940)²⁵ iAlbania to Bulgaria and Greece

SITTIPARUS Selys-Longchamps, 1884 M - Parus varius Temminck & Schlegel, 1845; type by original designation

Sittiparus semilarvatus White-fronted Tit

snowi (Parkes, 1971) iNE Luzon (Philippines) [Parkes, 1971 #2925]

semilarvatus (Salvadori, 1865) vC and S Luzon (Philippines)

nehrkorni (W. Blasius, 1890) iMindanao (Philippines)

Sittiparus varius Varied Tit

varius (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)²⁶ αvS Kuril Is., Japan, Korea, NE China (Liaoning)

sunsunpi (N. Kuroda, Sr., 1919)²⁷ iTanega-shima, Yaku-shima (Osumi Is.)

namiyei (N. Kuroda, Sr., 1918) iN Izu Is. (Japan)

owstoni (Ijima, 1893) iS Izu Is. (Japan)

amamii N. Kuroda, Sr., 1922 iTokara Is., Amami Is., Okinawa Is. (Okinawa)

†? orii N. Kuroda, Sr., 1923 iDaito Is. (Japan)

olivaceus N. Kuroda, Sr., 1923 vIriomote-jima (Yaeyama Is.)

castaneoventris (Gould, 1863)²⁸ αvTaiwan

POECILE Kaup, 1829 M - Parus palustris Linnaeus, 1758; type by subsequent designation (G.R. Gray, 1842, Appendix to a list of the Genera of Birds, p. 8).

Poecile superciliosus Przevalski, 1876 White-browed Tit

vS and SE Xizang, WC and NC China (to N Qinghai and Gansu)

Poecile lugubris Sombre Tit

lugubris (Temminck, 1820) vHungary, N Greece

lugens (C.L. Brehm, 1855) iC and S Greece

anatoliae (E. Hartert, 1905) iAsia Minor

dubius (Hellmayr, 1901)²⁹ vSW Iran

kirmanensis (Koelz, 1950) vS Iran

Poecile davidi Berezovski & Bianchi, 1891 Père David's Tit

EC China (Gansu and W Sichuan east to Hubei)

Poecile palustris Marsh Tit

1 dresseri (Stejneger, 1886) iC and S England, Wales, W France

1 palustris (Linnaeus, 1758) vMost of Europe from Spain to Scandinavia, east to C Poland, W Balkans and Greece

1 italicus (von Tschusi & Hellmayr, 1900) vFrench Alps, mainland Italy, Sicily

1 stagnatilis (C.L. Brehm, 1855)³⁰ vE Europe to S Ural Mts. and NW Turkey

1 kabardensis (Buturlin, 1929)³¹ vCaucasus area, ? NE Turkey

2 brevirostris Taczanowski, 1872³² vS and SE Siberia to Baikal and Russian Far East, extreme N Korea, N Mongolia, extreme NE China

2 ernsti (Yamashina, 1933)³³ iSakhalin

2 hensoni (Stejneger, 1892) iS Kuril Is., N Japan

2 jeholicus (O. Kleinschmidt & Weigold, 1922)^34,35 vN Korea and NE China (south of brevirostris)

2 hellmayri Bianchi, 1903³⁶ αiS Korea, C and E China

Poecile hyrcanus ^37,38 Sarudny & von Loudon, 1905 Caspian Tit

vSE Azerbaijan, N Iran

Poecile hypermelaenus ³⁹ Berezovski & Bianchi, 1891 Black-bibbed Tit

vSW to WC China, N and NW Myanmar

Poecile montanus⁴⁰ Willow Tit

1 kleinschmidti (Hellmayr, 1900) iBritish Isles

1 rhenanus (O. Kleinschmidt, 1900) vW Europe south to France and N Switzerland

1 montanus (Conrad, 1827)⁴¹ vAlps and Carpathian Mts. to Greece

1 salicarius (C.L. Brehm, 1831) vC Europe

1 borealis (Selys-Longchamps, 1843)⁴² vN and EC Europe, Siberia

1 uralensis (Grote, 1927) vSE Russia, W Siberia, N Kazakhstan

1 baicalensis Swinhoe, 1871⁴³ vMid-Siberia between the Yenisey and Kolyma valleys, south to the Altai Mts., Russian Far East, N Korea, N Mongolia and NE China

1 anadyrensis (Belopolski, 1932) vNE Siberia

1 kamtschatkensis Bonaparte, 1850 vKamchatka, N Kuril Is.

1 sachalinensis (Lönnberg, 1908) vSakhalin to N Japan (Hokkaido)

1 restrictus (Hellmayr, 1900)⁴⁴ vHonshu (Japan)

2 songarus (Severtsov, 1873) vE Kazakhstan, C and E Tien Shan Mts., NW China (NW Xinjiang)

2 affinis Przevalski, 1876 vNC China (E Qinghai to SW Shaanxi)

2 stoetzneri (O. Kleinschmidt, 1921) NE China (Shanxi and SE Nei Mongol to Hebei)

Poecile weigoldicus ⁴⁵ (O. Kleinschmidt, 1921) Sichuan Tit

vE Xizang, WC China (W Sichuan and extreme N Yunnan)

Poecile carolinensis Carolina Chickadee

atricapilloides (Lunk, 1952) iSC USA (S Kansas, Oklahoma, N and C Texas)

agilis (Sennett, 1888) vSC USA (SE Oklahoma, SC and E Texas, SW Arkansas, W Louisiana)

carolinensis (Audubon, 1834) vSE USA (N and E Arkansas to SE Virginia, E Louisiana and C Florida)

extimus (Todd & Sutton, 1936) vEC USA (S Missouri to New Jersey, NW Tennessee and NW North Carolina)

Poecile atricapillus Black-capped Chickadee

turneri (Ridgway, 1884) iNW USA (WC and S Alaska), NW Canada (NW British Columbia)

occidentalis (S.F. Baird, 1858) vCoastal SW Canada (SW British Columbia), NW USA (coastal Washington to NW California)

fortuitus (Dawson, 1909)^46,47 vInland SW Canada (British Columbia) and NW USA (south to NW Idaho)

septentrionalis (Harris, 1846) vW and C Canada (N Manitoba, N Ontario) to C USA (south to N New Mexico and S Kansas)

bartletti (Aldrich & Nutt, 1939) iE Canada (Newfoundland, Miquelon I.)

atricapillus (Linnaeus, 1766) iE Canada (SE Manitoba to Nova Scotia), E USA (south to EC Kansas, C Ohio, New Jersey, North Carolina)

nevadensis (Linsdale, 1938) vW USA (SE Oregon, SW Idaho, NE Nevada, NC Utah)

garrinus (Behle, 1951)⁴⁸ iWC USA (C and E Idaho and SC Montana to SE Utah and N New Mexico)

practicus (Oberholser, 1937) vE USA (Appalachian Mts.)

Poecile gambeli⁴⁹ Mountain Chickadee

baileyae (G.B. Grinnell, 1908)⁵⁰ iW Canada (S Yukon, British Columbia), W USA (Washington to California) and NW Mexico (N Baja California)

inyoensis (G.B. Grinnell, 1918) vW USA (SE Oregon and SW Idaho to EC California and NW Arizona)

gambeli (Ridgway, 1886) iWC USA (C Montana to New Mexico and W Texas)

atratus (G.B. Grinnell & Swarth, 1926) vMountains of NW Mexico (N Baja California)

Poecile sclateri Mexican Chickadee

eidos (J.L. Peters, 1927) iSW USA (SE Arizona, SW New Mexico) and NW Mexico (E Sonora and W Chihuahua to NW Durango)

garzai (A.R. Phillips, 1986)⁵¹ iNE Mexico (S Coahuila, SW Nuevo León) [Phillips, 1986 #3071]

sclateri (O. Kleinschmidt, 1897) iHighlands of C Mexico (Zacatecas to Veracruz)

rayi (A.H. Miller & R.W. Storer, 1950) iHighlands of S Mexico (S Jalisco to C Oaxaca)

Poecile cinctus Siberian Tit/Gray-headed Chickadee

lapponicus (Lundahl, 1848) vLappland, N Russia

cinctus (Boddaert, 1783) vNE Russia and Siberia (east to W Anadyrland and south to Baikal area)

sayanus Sushkin, 1904⁵² αvAltai Mts. to S Baikal area and NE Mongolia

lathami (Stephens, 1817) iNW USA (W, C and N Alaska), NW Canada (N Yukon, NW Northwest Territories)

Poecile hudsonicus⁵³ Boreal Chickadee

stoneyi (Ridgway, 1887) iNW USA (NC Alaska), NW Canada (N Yukon, NW Northwest Territories) [Ridgway, 1887 #3278]

columbianus (Rhoads, 1893)⁵⁴ vS Alaska, W Canada, NW USA (N Washington)

hudsonicus (J.R. Forster, 1772) vC Alaska, NW to E Canada (Yukon to Labrador and Newfoundland)

littoralis (H. Bryant, 1865) vSE Canada (S Québec to Prince Edward I. and Nova Scotia), NE USA (New York to Maine)

farleyi (W.E. Godfrey, 1951)⁵⁵ iSC Canada (NE British Columbia to C Manitoba) [Godfrey, 1951 #11935]

Poecile rufescens Chestnut-backed Chickadee

rufescens (J.K. Townsend, 1837)⁵⁶ iS Alaska, SW Canada (British Columbia), W USA (Washington to NW Montana and coastal N California)

neglectus (Ridgway, 1879) vCoastal C California (SW Marin County)

barlowi (G.B. Grinnell, 1900) iCoastal WC California (San Francisco Bay to Santa Barbara County)

CYANISTES Kaup, 1829 M - Parus caeruleus Linnaeus, 1758; type by subsequent designation (G.R. Gray, 1842, Appendix to a list of the Genera of Birds, p. 8).

Cyanistes caeruleus Blue Tit

obscurus (Prazák, 1894) vBritish Isles

caeruleus (Linnaeus, 1758) vN, C, and E Europe south to N Spain, Italy, N Greece, W and N Asia Minor

ogliastrae (E. Hartert, 1905) iS Iberia, Corsica, Sardinia

balearicus (von Jordans, 1913) vMallorca (Balearic Is.)

calamensis (Parrot, 1908)⁵⁷ vS Greece, Cyclades Is., Crete, Rhodes

orientalis Sarudny & von Loudon, 1905 vSE Russia

satunini Sarudny, 1908 iCrimea, Caucasus area, E Turkey, NW Iran

raddei Sarudny, 1908 iN Iran

persicus (Blanford, 1873) vSW Iran

Cyanistes teneriffae⁵⁸ Canary Islands Tit

palmensis (Meade-Waldo, 1889) vLa Palma (Canary Is.)

ombriosus (Meade-Waldo, 1890) vEl Hierro (Canary Is.)

teneriffae (Lesson, 1831) Tenerife, La Gomera (Canary Is.)

hedwigii (Dietzen, Garcia-del-Rey, Castro & Wink, 2008)⁵⁹ Gran Canaria (Canary Is.) [Dietzen, 2008 #11708]

degener (E. Hartert, 1901) Fuerteventura, Lanzarote (Canary Is.)

ultramarinus (Bonaparte, 1841) vNW Africa

cyrenaicae (E. Hartert, 1922) NE Libya

Cyanistes cyanus⁶⁰ Azure Tit

1 cyanus (Pallas, 1770) iBelarus, W and C Russia to C Ural Mts.

1 hyperrhiphaeus Dementiev & Heptner, 1932^61,62 δvSW Ural Mts., SW Siberia, N Kazakhstan

1 yenisseensis Buturlin, 1911 vS Siberia (east of hyperrhiphaeus) to Baikal and Russian Far East, N Mongolia, extreme NE China

1 tianschanicus Menzbier, 1884 vC Tien Shan Mts. east to Tarim basin (C Xinjiang, NW China)

1 koktalensis Portenko, 1954⁶³ vSE Kazakhstan around Balkhash

2 carruthersi (E. Hartert, 1917)⁶⁴ E Uzbekistan

2 flavipectus (Severtsov, 1873)⁶⁵ NE Iran to W Tien Shan Mts., Alai Range and Pamir Mts., C and NE Afghanistan and N Pakistan

3 berezowskii Pleske, 1893 NC China (NE Qinghai)

PSEUDOPODOCES Sarudny & von Loudon, 1902 M - Podoces humilis Hume, 1871; type by original designation and monotypy ⁶⁶

Pseudopodoces humilis (Hume, 1871) Groundpecker/Ground Tit

vSW and N Xizang, NW and WC China (S Xinjiang and Gansu to W Sichuan), Himalayas (N Kashmir, N Nepal and Sikkim)

PARUS Linnaeus, 1758 M - Parus major Linnaeus, 1758; type by subsequent designation (G.R. Gray, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 23).

Parus monticolus Green-backed Tit

monticolus Vigors, 1831 iS Xizang, Himalayas from N Pakistan to W Nepal

yunnanensis La Touche, 1922 vWC (north to Gansu) and SW China, Himalayas (east from Nepal), NE India, C Laos, NW Vietnam

legendrei Delacour, 1927 iMountains of SC Vietnam (Da Lat Plateau)

insperatus Swinhoe, 1866 vMountains of S Taiwan

Parus major⁶⁷ Great Tit

newtoni Prazák, 1894 iBritish Isles

major Linnaeus, 1758 vEurope east to C Siberia and south to N Spain, N Italy and the Balkans, Asia Minor, N and E Kazakhstan

kapustini Portenko, 1954 NW China and SE Kazakhstan east to E Siberia

bargaensis Yamashina, 1939⁶⁸ vManchuria

corsus O. Kleinschmidt, 1903 vPortugal, S Spain, Corsica

mallorcae von Jordans, 1913⁶⁹ iBalearic Is.

ecki von Jordans, 1970⁷⁰ iSardinia

aphrodite von Madarász, 1901 iS Italy, S Greece, Aegean Is., Cyprus

niethammeri von Jordans, 1970⁷¹ iCrete

karelini Sarudny, 1910 iSE Azerbaijan, NW Iran

blanfordi Prazák, 1894 iNC and SW Iran

intermedius Sarudny, 1890⁷² vNE Iran

terraesanctae E. Hartert, 1910 iLebanon, Israel, Jordan, Syria

excelsus Buvry, 1857 vNW Africa

Parus bokharensis Turkestan Tit

bokharensis M.H.C. Lichtenstein, 1823 vPlains of Turkmenistan and N Afghanistan to Uzbekistan and SC Kazakhstan

turkestanicus Sarudny & von Loudon, 1905 vTien Shan Mts. and W Xinjiang

ferghanensis Buturlin, 1912 vPamir-Alai to W Tien Shan Mts.

Parus cinereus Cinereous Tit

1 wladiwostokensis O. Kleinschmidt, 1913⁷³ vRussian Far East (east from Amur valley)

1 artatus Thayer & Bangs, 1909⁷⁴ vNC, NE and EC China

1 minor Temminck & Schlegel, 1848⁷⁵ vS Sakhalin, S Kuril Is., Japan (south to Kyushu)

1 amamiensis O. Kleinschmidt, 1922 vAmami-O-shima, Toku-no-shima (Amami Is.)

1 okinawae E. Hartert, 1905 Okinawa (Okinawa Is.)

1 nigriloris Hellmayr, 1900 vIriomote-jima, Ishigaki-jima (Yaeyama Is.)

1 dageletensis N. Kuroda, Sr. & Mori, 1920 vUllung-do (off E Korea)

1 tibetanus E. Hartert, 1905 vSE and E Xizang, Himalayas (Sikkim to W Arunachal Pradesh), N Myanmar

1 subtibetanus O. Kleinschmidt & Weigold, 1922⁷⁶ vN Yunnan

1 commixtus Swinhoe, 1868 vS and E China (including Taiwan), NE Vietnam

1 nubicolus Meyer de Schauensee, 1946 N continental SE Asia from E Myanmar to NW Vietnam

2 hainanus E. Hartert, 1905 vHainan

2 decolorans Koelz, 1939 NE Afghanistan, NW Pakistan

2 ziaratensis Whistler, 1929 vC and S Afghanistan, W Pakistan

2 caschmirensis E. Hartert, 1905 vHimalayas from N Pakistan to Uttarakhand

2 planorum E. Hartert, 1905⁷⁷ αvHimalayas (Uttarakhand to Sikkim), NE India, Bangladesh, W and C Myanmar

2 stupae Koelz, 1939 W, C and SE India

2 mahrattarum E. Hartert, 1905 SW India, Sri Lanka

2 vauriei Ripley, 1950 NE India (E Arunachal Pradesh)

2 templorum Meyer de Schauensee, 1946 S continental SE Asia (east from W Thailand)

2 ambiguus (Raffles, 1822) vCoastal C and S (except extreme S) Thai-Malay Pen., Sumatra

2 sarawacensis H.H. Slater, 1885 vCoastal W Borneo

2 cinereus Vieillot, 1818 vJava, Bali, Lesser Sundas (east to Alor)

MACHLOLOPHUS Cabanis, 1851 M - Parus spilonotus Blyth; type by subsequent designation (G.R. Gray, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 37). = Parus spilonotus Bonaparte, 1850

Machlolophus nuchalis (Jerdon, 1845) White-naped Tit

vW and SC India

Machlolophus holsti ⁷⁸ (Seebohm, 1894) Yellow Tit

Taiwan

Machlolophus xanthogenys⁷⁹ Black-lored Tit

1 xanthogenys (Vigors, 1831) iHimalayan foothills from NE Pakistan to E Nepal

2 aplonotus (Blyth, 1847)⁸⁰ vC India

2 travancoreensis Whistler & Kinnear, 1932 vSW India (Western Ghats)

Machlolophus spilonotus Yellow-cheeked Tit

spilonotus (Bonaparte, 1850) SE Xizang, Himalayan foothills (east from E Nepal), Myanmar (except S and E)

subviridis (Blyth, 1855) vW Yunnan, S Assam, E Myanmar, N Thailand

rex (David, 1874) iWC (from S Sichuan) to SW, S and SE China, NE and EC continental SE Asia

basileus Delacour, 1932 iMountains of S Laos and SC Vietnam

MELANIPARUS Bonaparte, 1850 M - Parus niger Vieillot, 1818; type by subsequent designation (G.R. Gray, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 38).

Melaniparus rufiventris Rufous-bellied Tit

rufiventris (Bocage, 1877) vW and S DR Congo to C Angola and C Zambia

masukuensis (Shelley, 1900) vSE DR Congo, E Zambia, Malawi

diligens (Clancey, 1979) iNE Namibia, S Angola, SW Zambia [Clancey, 1979 #901]

pallidiventris (Reichenow, 1885)⁸¹ vTanzania, N Mozambique, SE Malawi

stenotopicus (Clancey, 1989) vE Zimbabwe, W Mozambique [Clancey, 1989 #943]

Melaniparus albiventris (Shelley, 1881) White-bellied Tit

vCameroon; S South Sudan to W and S Kenya and N and C Tanzania

Melaniparus carpi ⁸² (J.D. Macdonald & B.P. Hall, 1957) Carp's Tit

SW Angola, N Namibia

Melaniparus niger Southern Black Tit

xanthostomus (Shelley, 1892) vSE Angola to Zambia, south to NE South Africa and C Mozambique

niger (Vieillot, 1818) vExtreme SE Mozambique to SE South Africa (Eastern Cape)

Melaniparus leucomelas Northern Black Tit/White-winged Tit

leucomelas (Rüppell, 1840) iHighlands of C and SE Ethiopia

insignis (Cabanis, 1880) vS Gabon and S PR Congo to Zambia, Tanzania and N Mozambique

Melaniparus guineensis ⁸³ (Shelley, 1900) White-shouldered Black Tit

vSenegal to South Sudan, SW Ethiopia, NE DR Congo, Uganda and W Kenya

Melaniparus funereus Dusky Tit

funereus J. & E. Verreaux, 1855⁸⁴ αvGuinea to Gabon, DR Congo and W Kenya

gabela (Traylor, 1961) iW Angola

Melaniparus griseiventris (Reichenow, 1882) Miombo Tit

vW Tanzania to Zimbabwe and NE Angola

Melaniparus fasciiventer Stripe-breasted Tit

fasciiventer (Reichenow, 1893) iE DR Congo, SW Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi

tanganjicae (Reichenow, 1909) iE DR Congo (Itombwe Highlands)

kaboboensis (Prigogine, 1957)⁸⁵ αvE DR Congo (Mt. Kabobo)

Melaniparus thruppi⁸⁶ Acacia Tit

thruppi (Shelley, 1885) iEthiopia, N Somalia

barakae (F.J. Jackson, 1899) iE Uganda, Kenya, NE Tanzania

Melaniparus fringillinus (G.A. Fischer & Reichenow, 1884) Red-throated Tit

vS Kenya, N and C Tanzania

Melaniparus leuconotus (Guérin-Méneville, 1843) White-backed Black Tit

vEthiopia

Melaniparus afer Grey Tit

arens (Clancey, 1963) iSE South Africa (Eastern Cape to W Free State), Lesotho

afer (J.F. Gmelin, 1789) vSW Namibia, SW South Africa (Western Cape to S Northern Cape)

Melaniparus cinerascens Ashy Tit

benguelae (B.P. Hall & Traylor, 1959) iSW Angola, NW Namibia

cinerascens (Vieillot, 1818) iNamibia (except NW), Botswana, Zimbabwe, N and WC South Africa

orphnus (Clancey, 1958) vEC South Africa (C and E Free State to Gauteng)

1 Sequence of genera and of species based on Johansson et al. (2013) [Johansson, 2013 #14913].

2 For reassignment of this genus from the Remizidae see Johansson et al. (2013) [Johansson, 2013 #14913]. But see Tietze & Borthakur (2012) [Tietze, 2012 #14700].

3 For date precedence of this name over flavocristata Lafresnaye see Dickinson et al. (2006) [Dickinson, 2006 #9466] and Dickinson (2009) [Dickinson, 2009 #11609].

4 Considered to form a superspecies with P. amabilis and P. venustulus; by Parkes (1958) [Parkes, 1958 #7361].

5 For details of publication in the Daily Mail three days before the article by Ogilvie-Grant see Dickinson & Milne (2008) [Dickinson, 2008 #12162].

6 For recognition see Eck & Martens (2006) [Eck, 2006 #9465].

7 For recognition see Eck & Martens (2006) [Eck, 2006 #9465].

8 Dresser supplied the name used and may have supplied the description but that is not in quotation marks; citing the author as that of the article best complies with Art. 50.1.1 of the Code (I.C.Z.N., 1999) [I.C.Z.N., 1999 #2059].

9 Includes gaddi and chorassanicus; see Kirwan & Grieve (2010) [Kirwan, 2010 #12360].

10 For placement of this taxon in this species see Martens et al. (2006) [Martens, 2006 #6938].

11 For correct date see Dickinson et al. (2006) [Dickinson, 2006 #9466].

12 Published two years before the paper by Père David that has usually been considered the source.

13 For recognition see Martens et al. (2006) [Martens, 2006 #6938].

14 For recognition see Browning (1990) [Browning, 1990 #539].

15 For treatment as a separate species from B. bicolor see Banks et al. (2002) [Banks, 2002 #201].

16 The prior name castaneifrons brought into use by Phillips (1986) [Phillips, 1986 #3071] is considered likely to have been given to a hybrid population, see Patten & Smith-Patten (2008) [Patten, 2008 #14375].

17 Includes dysleptus; see Phillips (1986) [Phillips, 1986 #3071].

18 For treatment as separate species from B. inornatus, see Cicero (1996) [Cicero, 1996 #771].

19 Includes plumbescens; see Cicero (1996) [Cicero, 1996 #771].

20 Includes sequestratus and kernensis; see Cicero (1996) [Cicero, 1996 #771].

21 Includes transpositus; see Cicero (1996) [Cicero, 1996 #771].

22 For correct date see Dickinson et al. (2006) [Dickinson, 2006 #9466].

23 For recognition see Martens & Eck (1995) [Martens, 1995 #2504] and Eck & Martens (2006) [Eck, 2006 #9465].

24 For correct date see Dickinson et al. (2006) [Dickinson, 2006 #9466].

25 For recognition see Cramp et al. (1993) [Cramp, 1993 #1089].

26 For date correction see Morioka et al. (2005) [Morioka, 2005 #7217].

27 Includes yakushimensis see Morioka in Orn. Soc. Japan (2000) [Ornithological Society of Japan, 2000 #2875].

28 For correct date see Duncan (1937) [Duncan, 1937 #1442].

29 The name persicus Prazak was a secondary homonym and having been replaced before 1961 is permanently unavailable, see the Art. 59.3 of the Code (I.C.Z.N., 1999) [I.C.Z.N., 1999 #2059].

30 For recognition see Cramp et al. (1993) [Cramp, 1993 #1089].

31 This name was used by Cramp et al. (1993) [Cramp, 1993 #1089] although Vaurie (1957, 1959) [Vaurie, 1957 #3956]; [Vaurie, 1959 #3961] and Snow (1967) [Snow, 1967 #3671] had used the name brandtii. The type of brandtii, once in ZISP, is now lost. Bogdanov's description, however, is incompatible with the species P. palustris and the name is best considered indeterminate.

32 Includes crassirostris and altaicus but see Eck & Martens (2006) [Eck, 2006 #9465].

33 For recognition see Stepanyan (1990) [Stepanyan, 1990 #3721].

34 For recognition see Eck (1980) [Eck, 1980 #1477].

35 Authorship corrected to reflect dual authorship.

36 Cover carries the date April 1903.

37 For treatment as a separate species from P. lugubris; see Loskot (1977, 1987) [Loskot, 1977 #6879], [Loskot, 1987 #6886]; corroborated by Johansson et al. (2013) [Johansson, 2013 #14913].

38 Includes talischensis Stepanyan, 1974 [Stepanyan, 1974 #3715]; see Eck (1980) [Eck, 1980 #1477].

39 For recognition see Eck (1980) [Eck, 1980 #1477] and Eck & Martens (2006) [Eck, 2006 #9465]; three apparently disjunct local populations.

40 Subspecies groups follow Vaurie (1959) [Vaurie, 1959 #3961]. See also Eck & Martens (2006) [Eck, 2006 #9465] who extracted P. weigoldicus. The songarus group may not be monophyletic, see Salzburger et al. (2002) [Salzburger, 2002 #4431].

41 For reasons not to use 'von Baldenstein' as part of the author's name see Conti (1947) [Conti, 1947 #6022].

42 Includes lonnbergi; see Cramp et al. (1993) [Cramp, 1993 #1089].

43 Includes shulpini but see Eck & Martens (2006) [Eck, 2006 #9465].

44 Includes abei Mishima, 1961 [Mishima, 1961 #4413] see Orn. Soc. Japan (1974) [Ornithological Society of Japan, 1974 #2874].

45 For recognition see Salzburger et al. (2002) [Salzburger, 2002 #4431] and Eck & Martens (2006) [Eck, 2006 #9465].

46 For recognition see Foote et al. (2010) [Foote, 2010 #14376].

47 Description phrase is in the first person singular.

48 For recognition see Phillips (1986) [Phillips, 1986 #3071] and Harrap (1996) [Harrap, 1996 #1894].

49 Considered to form a superspecies with P. sclateri by Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].

50 Includes abbreviatus; see Phillips (1986) [Phillips, 1986 #3071].

51 For recognition see Parkes in Dickerman & Parkes (1997) [Dickerman, 1997 #1353].

52 Publication date January 26, 1904.

53 Considered to form a superspecies with P. cinctus and P. rufescens by Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].

54 Includes cascadensis; see Phillips (1986) [Phillips, 1986 #3071].

55 For recognition see Phillips (1986) [Phillips, 1986 #3071].

56 Includes levyi Burleigh, 1968 [Burleigh, 1968 #14380].

57 For recognition see Cramp et al. (1993) [Cramp, 1993 #1089].

58 For treatment as a separate species from C. caeruleus, see Salzburger et al. (2002) [Salzburger, 2002 #3467] and Illera et al. (2011) [Illera, 2011 #12861].

59 Original spelling hedwigii; no internal information permits emendation as proposed by Manegold (2012) [Manegold, 2012 #13713].

60 Treated as two species forming a superspecies by Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636]. Treatment here follows Päckert & Martens (2008) [Päckert, 2008 #10936]. Subspecies groups based on Vaurie (1959) [Vaurie, 1959 #3961].

61 For recognition see Stepanyan (1990) [Stepanyan, 1990 #3721].

62 Correct original spelling. Spelling hyperriphaeus in Dickinson (2003) [Dickinson, 2003 #9533] was an ISS.

63 The spelling kotkalensis in Snow (1967) [Snow, 1967 #3671] was an ISS.

64 For renewed recognition see Eck & Martens (2006) [Eck, 2006 #9465].

65 Treated as a separate species by Stepanyan (1990) [Stepanyan, 1990 #3721], who recognised a subspecies carruthersi, and by Dickinson (2003) [Dickinson, 2003 #9533]; but see Eck & Martens (2006) [Eck, 2006 #9465] and Päckert & Martens (2008) [Päckert, 2008 #10936].

66 For transfer from the Corvidae see James et al. (2003) [James, 2003 #2105].

67 For an extensive discussion see Eck & Martens (2006) [Eck, 2006 #9465]. See also Päckert & Martens (2008) [Päckert, 2008 #10936]. Based on these authors we accept three species (including P. bokharensis which is the closer to P. major of the other two). The findings of Johansson et al. (2013) [Johansson, 2013 #14913] suggest one species may be better, but more subspecies need sampling.

68 For recognition see Eck & Martens (2006) [Eck, 2006 #9465].

69 For recognition see Cramp et al. (1993) [Cramp, 1993 #1089].

70 For recognition see Cramp et al. (1993) [Cramp, 1993 #1089].

71 For recognition see Cramp et al. (1993) [Cramp, 1993 #1089].

72 Sometimes considered as better placed in P. cinereus; but see Eck & Martens (2006) [Eck, 2006 #9465].

73 For recognition see Eck & Martens (2006) [Eck, 2006 #9465].

74 For recognition see Eck & Martens (2006) [Eck, 2006 #9465].

75 Includes kagoshimae; see Eck & Martens (2006) [Eck, 2006 #9465].

76 For recognition see Eck & Martens (2006) [Eck, 2006 #9465].

77 The name Parus nipalensis Hodgson, 1837, is preoccupied; see Dickinson (2009b) [Dickinson, 2009 #11610]. The substitute name is the next most senior synonym that is available.

78 Harrap (1996) [Harrap, 1996 #1894] erred in implying that the type species was M. holsti; which had not been discovered when the genus was erected.

79 Considered to form a superspecies with M. spilonotus by Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].

80 For treatment as a separate species, with travancoreensis as a subspecies, see Rasmussen & Anderton (2005) [Rasmussen, 2005 #4749]. But see Eck & Martens (2006) [Eck, 2006 #9465].

81 For treatment within this species see Wiggins (2000) [Wiggins, 2000 #4217].

82 For treatment as a separate species from M. niger, see Johansson et al. (2013) [Johansson, 2013 #14913].

83 For treatment as a separate species from M. leucomelas, see Johansson et al. (2013) [Johansson, 2013 #14913].

84 Mistakenly dated 1885 by Dickinson (2003) [Dickinson, 2003 #9533].

85 Original publication examined; not 1956 as given by Dickinson (2003) [Dickinson, 2003 #9533].

86 For treatment as a separate species from M. afer see Wiggins (2000) [Wiggins, 2000 #4217].