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PYCNONOTIDAE - Bulbuls1 (30:130)
STELGIDILLAS Oberholser, 1899 F - Andropadus gracilirostris Strickland, 1844; type by original designation2
Stelgidillas gracilirostris Slender-billed Greenbul
gracilirostris (Strickland, 1844)3 vSW Senegal and Guinea to DR Congo, South Sudan, Uganda, W Kenya, W Tanzania and N Angola; Bioko
percivali (Neumann, 1903) iC Kenya
CALYPTOCICHLA Oberholser, 1905 F - Criniger serinus J. & E. Verreaux, 1855; type by original designation   
Calyptocichla serinus 4  (J. & E. Verreaux, 1855) Golden Greenbulδ
Guinea and Sierra Leone to Ghana; Nigeria to N DR Congo and N Angola (Cabinda); Bioko
ANDROPADUS Swainson, 1832 M - L'Importun Levaillant; type by original designation and monotypy = Turdus importunus Vieillot, 1818  5
Andropadus importunus Sombre Greenbul
insularis Hartlaub, 18616 vS Somalia to E Tanzania, Zanzibar
importunus (Vieillot, 1818)7 vE and S South Africa (E Limpopo to KwaZulu-Natal (except NE) and S Western Cape), W Swaziland
oleaginus W. Peters, 1868 vS Mozambique and S Zimbabwe to NE KwaZulu-Natal
hypoxanthus Sharpe, 18768 vSE Tanzania and Mafia I., N and C Mozambique, Malawi, E Zambia and E Zimbabwe
fricki Mearns, 19149 C Kenya
NEOLESTES Cabanis, 1875 M - Neolestes torquatus Cabanis, 1875; type by monotypy   10
Neolestes torquatus   Cabanis, 1875 Black-collared Bulbul
vNW PR Congo to S Gabon, south to SW Angola, S DR Congo, NW Zambia
BLEDA Bonaparte, 1857 M - Dasycephala syndactyla Swainson, 1837; type by original designation   
Bleda syndactylus Red-tailed Bristlebill
syndactylus (Swainson, 1837) vSierra Leone to W Nigeria
woosnami Ogilvie-Grant, 190711 iC and E DR Congo to S South Sudan, Uganda, W Kenya and NW Zambia
multicolor (Bocage, 1880)12 SE Nigeria to lower Congo basin and N Angola
Bleda eximius   (Hartlaub, 1855) Green-tailed Bristlebill
vSierra Leone to Ghana
Bleda notatus13 Lesser Bristlebill/Yellow-lored Bristlebill
notatus (Cassin, 1856)14 αvBioko; S Nigeria to lower Congo and N Angola
ugandae van Someren, 1915 C and N DR Congo to SW South Sudan, W and S Uganda
Bleda canicapillus Grey-headed Bristlebill
canicapillus (Hartlaub, 1850)15 αiGuinea-Bissau to S Nigeria [Hartlaub, 1850 #10314]
morelorum Érard, 199116 iSenegal, Gambia [Érard, 1991 #1528]
ATIMASTILLAS Oberholser, 1905 F - Haematornis flavicollis Swainson, 1837; type by original designation17
Atimastillas flavicollis Yellow-throated Greenbul
flavicollis (Swainson, 1837) vSenegal to N Cameroon
soror (Neumann, 1914)18 iC Cameroon to W and N DR Congo and SW South Sudan; W Ethiopia
flavigula (Cabanis, 1880) iAngola, S DR Congo, N Zambia, SW Tanzania
pallidigula (Sharpe, 1897)19 E DR Congo to NW Tanzania, Uganda, W Kenya
IXONOTUS J. & E. Verreaux, 1851 M - Ixonotus guttatus J. & E. Verreaux, 1851; type by monotypy   
Ixonotus guttatus 20  J. & E. Verreaux, 1851 Spotted Greenbul
vGuinea and Sierra Leone to Ghana; SW Nigeria to DR Congo, Angola (Cabinda), S Uganda and NW Tanzania.
THESCELOCICHLA Oberholser, 1905 F - Phyllastrephus leucopleurus Cassin, 1855; type by original designation   
Thescelocichla leucopleura 21  (Cassin, 1855) Swamp Palm Bulbulα
vSenegal and Gambia to Gabon, DR Congo, N Angola and W Uganda
BAEOPOGON F. Heine, Sr., 1860 M - Criniger indicator J. & E. Verreaux, 1855; type by original designation   
Baeopogon indicator Honeyguide Greenbul
leucurus (Cassin, 1855)22,23 αvGuinea to Togo
indicator (J. & E. Verreaux, 1855) iNigeria to S South Sudan and W Kenya, south to N Angola and NW Zambia
Baeopogon clamans   (Sjöstedt, 1893) Sjöstedt's Greenbul
iSE Nigeria to S PR Congo, NE and E DR Congo
CHLOROCICHLA Sharpe, 1882 F - Trichophorus flaviventris A. Smith, 1834; type by subsequent designation (Reichenow, 1904, Vögel Afrikas, 3, [fasc. 1], p. 388).   24,25
Chlorocichla laetissima Joyful Greenbul
laetissima (Sharpe, 1899) vNE DR Congo to S South Sudan and W Kenya
schoutedeni Prigogine, 1954 iE DR Congo, N Zambia
Chlorocichla prigoginei   DeRoo, 1967 Prigogine's Greenbul
iNE DR Congo (Lendu Plateau and Butembo) [De Roo, 1967 #1147]
Chlorocichla flaviventris Yellow-bellied Greenbul
centralis Reichenow, 1887 vS Somalia, S Kenya, E Tanzania, N Mozambique
occidentalis Sharpe, 188226,27 αvAngola, SE DR Congo and W Tanzania to Zimbabwe, C Mozambique and Mpumalanga
flaviventris (A. Smith, 1834) vS Mozambique, KwaZulu-Natal
Chlorocichla falkensteini   (Reichenow, 1874) Yellow-necked Greenbul/Falkenstein's Greenbul
iS Cameroon, N Gabon and SW Central African Republic, S PR Congo to W Angola
Chlorocichla simplex   (Hartlaub, 1855) Simple Greenbul
iSW Senegal and Guinea-Bissau to DR Congo, W Uganda and N Angola
ARIZELOCICHLA Oberholser, 1905 F - Xenocichla nigriceps Shelley, 1890; type by original designation28
Arizelocichla milanjensis Stripe-cheeked Greenbul
striifacies (Reichenow & Neumann, 1895) iSE Kenya, NE and C Tanzania
olivaceiceps (Shelley, 1896) iS Tanzania, N Malawi, NW Mozambique
milanjensis (Shelley, 1894)29 vS Malawi, W Mozambique, E Zimbabwe
Arizelocichla nigriceps30 Eastern Mountain Greenbul
kikuyuensis (Sharpe, 1891)31 vDR Congo to C Kenya
nigriceps (Shelley, 1889)32 αiS Kenya, N Tanzania
usambarae (Grote, 1919) iSE Kenya, NE Tanzania (S Pare Mts. and Usambara Mts.)
Arizelocichla fusciceps 33 Southern Mountain Greenbul
neumanni E. Hartert, 1922 NE Tanzania (Uluguru Mts.)
chlorigula (Reichenow, 1899) E and C Tanzania
fusciceps (Shelley, 1893) S Tanzania, NE Zambia, Malawi, NW Mozambique
Arizelocichla montana   (Reichenow, 1892) Cameroon Greenbul
vSE Nigeria, W Cameroon
Arizelocichla tephrolaema Grey-throated Greenbul/Western Mountain Greenbul
bamendae (Bannerman, 1923) iSE Nigeria, SW Cameroon
tephrolaema (G.R. Gray, 1862) vBioko; SW Cameroon (Mont Cameroun)
Arizelocichla masukuensis Shelley's Greenbul
kakamegae (Sharpe, 1900) iE DR Congo, Uganda, W Kenya, NW Tanzania
kungwensis Moreau, 194134 vW Tanzania (Kungwe-Mahari Mts.)
roehli (Reichenow, 1905) iE Tanzania
masukuensis (Shelley, 1897) vS Tanzania, N Malawi
EURILLAS Oberholser, 1899 F - Andropadus virens Cassin, 1857; type by original designation35
Eurillas latirostris Yellow-whiskered Greenbul
congener (Reichenow, 1897) vSenegal to SW Nigeria
latirostris (Strickland, 1844)36 vSE Nigeria to Kenya, Tanzania and N Angola
australis (Moreau, 1941)37 vSW Tanzania (Ufipa Plateau)
Eurillas virens Little Greenbul
erythroptera (Hartlaub, 1858) vGambia to S Nigeria
virens (Cassin, 1857)38,39 αiCameroon to SW South Sudan, W Kenya and N Angola; Bioko
zombensis (Shelley, 1894)40,41 vSE DR Congo, N Zambia, Malawi and N Mozambique to SE Kenya, Mafia I.
zanzibarica Pakenham, 1935 vZanzibar
Eurillas gracilis Grey Greenbul
extrema (E. Hartert, 1922) vGuinea to Togo; SW Nigeria
gracilis (Cabanis, 1880) vSE Nigeria to C and S DR Congo and NE Angola
ugandae (van Someren, 1915) iE DR Congo to W Kenya
Eurillas ansorgei Ansorge's Greenbul
ansorgei (E. Hartert, 1907) iSierra Leone to DR Congo
kavirondensis (van Someren, 1920) vW Kenya
Eurillas curvirostris Plain Greenbul
leonina (Bates, G.L., 1930) vSW Guinea and Sierra Leone to C Ghana
curvirostris (Cassin, 1859)42 αvGhana to W Togo; Nigeria to W Kenya and N Angola; Bioko
CRINIGER Temminck, 1820 M - Criniger barbatus Temminck, 1821; type by subsequent monotypy (Temminck, 1821, Planches Coloriées d'Oiseaux, livr. 15, wrapper [p.1.] pl. 88).   43
Criniger barbatus Western Bearded Greenbul
barbatus (Temminck, 1821) vSierra Leone to Togo
ansorgeanus E. Hartert, 1907 vS Benin, S Nigeria
Criniger chloronotus 44,45  (Cassin, 1859) Eastern Bearded Greenbulα
vSE Nigeria, Cameroon to Cabinda, N and E DR Congo, W Uganda
Criniger calurus Red-tailed Greenbul
verreauxi Sharpe, 1871 iSW Senegal to SW Nigeria
calurus (Cassin, 1856)46 αvBioko; S Nigeria to W DR Congo
emini Chapin, 1948 iWC DR Congo and NE Angola to Uganda
Criniger olivaceus 47  (Swainson, 1837) Yellow-bearded Greenbul
vGuinea and Sierra Leone to Ghana
Criniger ndussumensis   Reichenow, 1904 White-bearded Greenbul
vSE Nigeria to N and E DR Congo
PHYLLASTREPHUS Swainson, 1832 M - Le Jaboteur Levaillant; type by original designation = Phyllastrephus terrestris Swainson, 1837  48,49
Phyllastrephus debilis Tiny Greenbul
rabai E. Hartert & van Someren, 1921 iSE Kenya, NE Tanzania
debilis (W.L. Sclater, 1899) vSE Tanzania, E Zimbabwe, Mozambique
Phyllastrephus albigula 50  (Grote, 1919) Green-crowned Greenbul
NE Tanzania (Usambara and Nguru Mts.)
Phyllastrephus xavieri Xavier's Greenbul
serlei Chapin, 194951 iCameroon (north and west of Mont Cameroun)
xavieri (Oustalet, 1892) iSE Nigeria and Cameroon to Uganda and S PR Congo
Phyllastrephus icterinus 52  (Bonaparte, 1850) Icterine Greenbul
vSierra Leone to Ghana; S Nigeria to DR Congo, Angola (Cabinda) and W Uganda
Phyllastrephus leucolepis   Gatter, 1985 Liberian Greenbul
iSE Liberia (Grand Gedeh County) [Gatter, 1985 #1689]
Phyllastrephus albigularis White-throated Greenbul
albigularis (Sharpe, 1882)53 αvSW Senegal to DR Congo, S South Sudan and Uganda
viridiceps Rand, 1955 iN Angola
Phyllastrephus terrestris Terrestrial Brownbul
suahelicus Reichenow, 1904 vS Somalia, E Kenya, E Tanzania, N Mozambique
intermedius Gunning & Roberts, 191154 vS Zimbabwe, S Mozambique and adjacent E South Africa (E Mpumalanga, NE KwaZulu-Natal)
terrestris Swainson, 1837 vE and S South Africa (Limpopo to KwaZulu-Natal and S Western Cape), Swaziland
bensoni van Someren, 194555 C Kenya
rhodesiae Roberts, 191756,57 SW Angola, Zambia, SE DR Congo and SW Tanzania to N Botswana, N Zimbabwe and C Mozambique
Phyllastrephus fischeri 58  (Reichenow, 1879) Fischer's Greenbul
iS Somalia to NE Mozambique
Phyllastrephus strepitans   (Reichenow, 1879) Northern Brownbul
iSW Sudan (Darfur), SE South Sudan, S Ethiopia and S Somalia to NE Tanzania
Phyllastrephus cerviniventris Grey-olive Greenbul
cerviniventris Shelley, 1894 vC Kenya to Zambia and C Mozambique
schoutedeni Prigogine, 196959 iNE Angola, SE DR Congo (Katanga) [Prigogine, 1969 #3136]
Phyllastrephus cabanisi60 Cabanis's Greenbul
sucosus Reichenow, 190361 vS South Sudan, E DR Congo to NW Tanzania and W Kenya
placidus (Shelley, 1889) vC Kenya to Malawi and NW Mozambique
cabanisi (Sharpe, 1882)62 αiC Angola to N Zambia and W Tanzania
Phyllastrephus hypochloris   (F.J. Jackson, 1906) Toro Greenbul
vS South Sudan, NE and E DR Congo, S Uganda, W Kenya, NW Tanzania
Phyllastrephus flavostriatus Yellow-streaked Greenbul
graueri Neumann, 1908 iNE and E DR Congo
olivaceogriseus Reichenow, 190863 vRwenzori Mts. to SW Uganda, W Rwanda, N Burundi, E DR Congo (Itombwe Highlands and Mt. Kabobo)
kungwensis Moreau, 1941 vW Tanzania (Kungwe-Mahari Mts.)
uzungwensis Jensen & Stuart, 1982 vE Tanzania (Morogoro) [Jensen, 1982 #2114]
tenuirostris (G.A. Fischer & Reichenow, 1884) vSE Kenya to NE Mozambique
alfredi (Shelley, 1903) iSW Tanzania, E Zambia, N Malawi
vincenti C.H.B. Grant & Mackworth-Praed, 1940 iSE Malawi, W Mozambique
flavostriatus (Sharpe, 1876)64 vS Mozambique, E Zimbabwe, E South Africa
Phyllastrephus poliocephalus   (Reichenow, 1892) Grey-headed Greenbul
vSE Nigeria, W Cameroon
Phyllastrephus fulviventris   Cabanis, 1876 Pale-olive Greenbul
vW DR Congo (lower R. Congo), W Angola
Phyllastrephus lorenzi   Sassi, 1914 Sassi's Greenbul
iE DR Congo, W Uganda
Phyllastrephus baumanni   Reichenow, 1895 Baumann's Greenbul
iGuinea and Sierra Leone to S Nigeria, SW Cameroon
Phyllastrephus poensis   Alexander, 1903 Bioko Greenbul
vSE Nigeria, W Cameroon, Bioko
Phyllastrephus scandens Leaf-love
scandens Swainson, 1837 iSenegal to N Cameroon
orientalis (Hartlaub, 1883)65 vS Cameroon to N DR Congo, S South Sudan, W and S Uganda; S DR Congo, W Tanzania
TRICHOLESTES Salvadori, 1874 M - Trichophorus minutus Hartlaub, 1853; type by original designation and monotypy = Brachypodius criniger Blyth, 1845  
Tricholestes criniger Hairy-backed Bulbul
criniger (Blyth, 1845) vSE Myanmar in S Tenasserim, Thai-Malay Pen., NE Sumatra, N Natuna Is. (Indonesia)
sericeus (Blyth, 1865)66 vSumatra except NE
viridis (Bonaparte, 1854) vBorneo
SETORNIS Lesson, 1839 M - Setornis criniger Lesson, 1839; type by monotypy   
Setornis criniger   (Lesson, 1839) Hook-billed Bulbul
vE and S Sumatra, Bangka I., Borneo
ALOPHOIXUS E.W. Oates, 1889 M - Ixos phaeocephalus Hartlaub, 1844; type by original designation and monotypy67
Alophoixus finschii   (Salvadori, 1871) Finsch's Bulbul
C and S Thai-Malay Pen., Sumatra, Borneo
Alophoixus flaveolus White-throated Bulbul
flaveolus (Gould, 1836) vHimalayan foothills east from C Nepal, NE India, E Bangladesh, W, C and N Myanmar
burmanicus (E.W. Oates, 1889) vSW Yunnan, E Myanmar, W and NW Thailand
Alophoixus pallidus Puff-throated Bulbul
griseiceps (Hume, 1873) iPegu Yoma hills (C Myanmar)
robinsoni (Ticehurst, 1932) iN Tenasserim (SE Myanmar)
henrici (Oustalet, 1896) iSE Yunnan, N continental SE Asia east from E Myanmar
pallidus (Swinhoe, 1870) vHainan
isani (Deignan, 1956) iE Thailand
annamensis (Delacour & Jabouille, 1924) vC Laos, C Vietnam
khmerensis (Deignan, 1956) vS Laos, S Vietnam
Alophoixus ochraceus Ochraceous Bulbul
hallae (Deignan, 1956) iS Vietnam
cambodianus (Delacour & Jabouille, 1928) vSE Thailand, SW Cambodia
ochraceus (F. Moore, 1854) vSW continental SE Asia
sordidus (Richmond, 1900)68 vN and C Thai-Malay Pen.
sacculatus (Robinson, 1915) vMountains of S Thai-Malay Pen.
sumatranus (Wardlaw Ramsay, 1882) vMountains of Sumatra
fowleri (Amadon & Harrisson, 1956)69 αiMountains of Borneo (except Mt. Kinabalu)
ruficrissus (Sharpe, 1879) iMt. Kinabalu (NW Borneo)
Alophoixus bres Grey-cheeked Bulbul
tephrogenys (Jardine & Selby, 1833) iThai-Malay Pen., Sumatra
bres (Lesson, 1832)70,71 iJava, Bali
gutturalis (Bonaparte, 1850) vBorneo
Alophoixus frater   (Sharpe, 1877) Palawan Bulbul
Palawan (Philippines)
Alophoixus phaeocephalus Yellow-bellied Bulbul
phaeocephalus (Hartlaub, 1844) vThai-Malay Pen., Sumatra and E satellites, N Natuna Is. (S China Sea)
connectens Chasen & Kloss, 1929 iN Borneo
diardi (Finsch, 1867) iW Borneo
sulphuratus (Bonaparte, 1850) vBorneo except N and W
IOLE Blyth, 1844 F - Iole olivacea Blyth, 1844; type by monotypy   
Iole viridescens72 Olive Bulbul
cacharensis (Deignan, 1948) vNE India, C, E and SE Bangladesh
myitkyinensis (Deignan, 1948) vNE and E Myanmar
viridescens Blyth, 1867 iW, C and S Myanmar, W and NW Thailand
Iole propinqua Grey-eyed Bulbul
aquilonis (Deignan, 1948) iS China, NE Vietnam
propinqua (Oustalet, 1903) vN continental SE Asia from E Myanmar to NW Vietnam
simulator (Deignan, 1948) iSE continental SE Asia except far-S Vietnam
innectens (Deignan, 1948) iFar-S Vietnam
lekhakuni (Deignan, 1954) iSE Myanmar in N Tenasserim, SW Thailand
cinnamomeoventris E.C.S. Baker, 1917 vSE Myanmar in S Tenasserim, N Thai-Malay Pen.
Iole charlottae73 Buff-vented Bulbul
crypta Oberholser, 1918 vSW continental SE Asia, Thai-Malay Pen., Sumatra and E satellites; N Natuna Is. and Anamba Is. (Indonesia)
charlottae (Finsch, 1867)74 iBorneo
Iole palawanensis 75  (Tweeddale, 1878) Sulphur-bellied Bulbul
vPalawan (Philippines)
HEMIXOS Blyth, 1845 M - Hemixos flavala Blyth, 1845; type by original designation   
Hemixos flavala76 Ashy Bulbul
1 flavala Blyth, 1845 iW Yunnan, Himalayan foothills east from Himachal Pradesh, NE India, NE Bangladesh, W, N and SW Myanmar
1 hildebrandi Hume, 1874 iE Myanmar, NW Thailand
1 davisoni Hume, 1877 iSW continental SE Asia
1 bourdellei Delacour, 1926 iE Thailand, N and C Laos
1 remotus (Deignan, 1957) vS Laos, S Vietnam
2 cannipennis Seebohm, 1890 vS China, NE Vietnam
2 castanonotus Swinhoe, 1870 vFar-S China including Hainan
3 cinereus (Blyth, 1845) vThai-Malay Pen., Sumatra
3 connectens Sharpe, 1887 iBorneo
IXOS Temminck, 1825 M - Ixos virescens Temminck, 1825; type by monotypy   77,78
Ixos nicobariensis 79  (F. Moore, 1854) Nicobar Bulbul
vNicobars
Ixos mcclellandii Mountain Bulbul
mcclellandii (Horsfield, 1840) iHimalayan foothills east from Uttarakhand, NE India, NW Myanmar
ventralis Stresemann, 1940 vW and SW Myanmar
tickelli (Blyth, 1855) iE Myanmar, NW Thailand
similis (Rothschild, 1921) vYunnan, N continental SE Asia east from NE Myanmar
holtii (Swinhoe, 1861) iC and S China
loquax Deignan, 1940 iNC and EC Thailand, S Laos
griseiventer (Robinson & Kloss, 1919) iLangbian mountains (SC Vietnam)
canescens Riley, 193380 δiMountains of SE Thailand
peracensis (E. Hartert & A.L. Butler, 1898) vMountains of S Thai-Malay Pen.
Ixos malaccensis   (Blyth, 1845) Streaked Bulbul
vSE Myanmar in S Tenasserim, Thai-Malay Pen., Sumatra and E satellites, Borneo
Ixos virescens Sunda Bulbul
sumatranus (Wardlaw Ramsay, 1882) vMountains of Sumatra
virescens Temminck, 1825 iMountains of Java
HYPSIPETES Vigors, 1831 M - Hypsipetes psaroides Vigors, 1831; type by monotypy   81,82
Hypsipetes guimarasensis 83  (Steere, 1890) Steere's Bulbul
vMasbate, Panay, Negros (Philippines)
Hypsipetes rufigularis 84  Sharpe, 1877 Zamboanga Bulbul
vW Mindanao, Basilan (Philippines)
Hypsipetes everetti Yellowish Bulbul
everetti (Tweeddale, 1877)85 iSamar, Leyte, Dinagat, C and E Mindanao (Philippines)
catarmanensis Rand & Rabor, 1969 vCamiguin Sur (Philippines) [Rand, 1969 #3201]
haynaldi (W. Blasius, 1890) iSulu Arch.
Hypsipetes mindorensis   (Steere, 1890) Mindoro Bulbul
vMindoro (Philippines)
Hypsipetes siquijorensis Streak-breasted Bulbul
cinereiceps (Bourns & Worcester, 1894) iTablas, Romblon (Philippines)
†? monticola (Bourns & Worcester, 1894) iCebu (Philippines)
siquijorensis (Steere, 1890) vSiquijor (Philippines)
Hypsipetes philippinus Philippine Bulbul
philippinus (J.R. Forster, 1795) vLuzon, Samar, Leyte, Bohol (Philippines)
parkesi duPont, 1980 iBurias (Philippines) [duPont, 1980 #1450]
saturatior (E. Hartert, 1916) vC and E Mindanao (Philippines)
Hypsipetes amaurotis Brown-eared Bulbul
amaurotis (Temminck, 1830) vS Sakhalin, N and C Japan including N Izu Is., C and S Korea >> Ryukyu Is., NE China
matchie (Momiyama, 1923)86 δiHachijo-jima (S Izu Is.), Tanega-shima and Yaku-shima (S Kyushu)
ogawae E. Hartert, 1907 iN Ryukyu Is.
pryeri Stejneger, 188787 iC Ryukyu Is.
stejnegeri E. Hartert, 190788 iS Ryukyu Is. except Iwo Is.
squamiceps (von Kittlitz, 1830)89 αiOgasawara Is.
magnirostris E. Hartert, 1905 vIwo Is. (S Ryukyu Is.)
borodinonis (N. Kuroda, Sr., 1923) iDaito Is. (Japan)
nagamichii Deignan, 196090 iS Taiwan, Lanyu I.
batanensis Mearns, 1907 vBatan (Philippines)
fugensis Ogilvie-Grant, 1895 vCalayan and Fuga (Philippines)
camiguinensis McGregor, 1907 vCamiguin Norte (N Philippines)
Hypsipetes crassirostris   E. Newton, 1867 Thick-billed Bulbul
vSeychelles
Hypsipetes borbonicus   (J. R. Forster, 1781) Réunion Bulbul
vRéunion
Hypsipetes olivaceus 91,92  Jardine & Selby, 1837 Mauritius Bulbulα
vMauritius
Hypsipetes madagascariensis93 Madagascar Bulbul
rostratus (Ridgway, 1893) vAldabra (Aldabra Is.)
grotei (Friedmann, 1929)94 iIles Glorieuses
madagascariensis (Statius Muller, 1776) vMadagascar; Comoros
Hypsipetes parvirostris 95  A. Milne-Edwards & Oustalet, 1885 Comoro Bulbul
vGrande Comore (Comoros)
Hypsipetes moheliensis 96  (Benson, 1960) Moheli Bulbul
vMohéli (Comoros) [Benson, 1960 #261]
Hypsipetes leucocephalus Black Bulbul
1 humii (Whistler & Kinnear, 1932)97 iSri Lanka
1 ganeesa Sykes, 183298 iSW India
2 psaroides Vigors, 1831 iHimalayan foothills east to Assam
2 nigrescens E.C.S. Baker, 1917 iNE India, C Bangladesh, W Myanmar
2 concolor Blyth, 1849 iS Yunnan, E and SE Myanmar including N Tenasserim, N and EC Thailand, Laos, C and S Vietnam
2 ambiens (Mayr, 1942) iNW Yunnan, NE Myanmar
2 sinensis (La Touche, 1922) vSE Xizang, N Yunnan >> Thailand, Laos
2 stresemanni (Mayr, 1942) iC Yunnan >> Thailand, Laos
2 leucothorax (Mayr, 1942) iWC to C China >> Thailand, Laos, Vietnam
2 leucocephalus (J.F. Gmelin, 1789) vSE China
2 nigerrimus Gould, 1863 vTaiwan
2 perniger Swinhoe, 1870 vS China in SW Guangxi and Hainan
SPIZIXOS Blyth, 1845 M - Spizixos canifrons Blyth, 1845; type by monotypy   
Spizixos canifrons Crested Finchbill
canifrons Blyth, 1845 iNE India, N and E Myanmar
ingrami Bangs & J.C. Phillips, 1914 iSW China, N continental SE Asia east from C Myanmar
Spizixos semitorques Collared Finchbill
semitorques Swinhoe, 1861 iC and S China, NE Vietnam
cinereicapillus Swinhoe, 1871 iTaiwan
PYCNONOTUS Boie, 1826 M - Turdus capensis Linnaeus, 1766; type by monotypy   99
Pycnonotus zeylanicus   (J.F. Gmelin, 1789) Straw-headed Bulbul
vSE Myanmar in S Tenasserim, Thai-Malay Pen., Sumatra including Nias I., Borneo, Java
Pycnonotus striatus Striated Bulbul
striatus (Blyth, 1842) vHimalayan foothills east from C Nepal, NE India, W, E and S Myanmar
arctus Ripley, 1948 vNE Arunachal Pradesh south to Mizoram (NE India), N Myanmar
paulus (Bangs & J.C. Phillips, 1914) vSW China, N continental SE Asia east from NE Myanmar
Pycnonotus leucogrammicus 100  (S. Müller, 1836) Cream-striped Bulbulα
vMountains of Sumatra
Pycnonotus tympanistrigus 101  (S. Müller, 1836) Spot-necked Bulbulα
iMountains of Sumatra
Pycnonotus melanicterus102 Black-crested Bulbul
1 melanicterus (J.F. Gmelin, 1789)103 iSri Lanka
2 gularis (Gould, 1836)104 vSW India
3 flaviventris (Tickell, 1833) vHimalayan foothills east from Himachal Pradesh, E and NE India, E Bangladesh, W, C and N Myanmar
3 vantynei Deignan, 1948 iS China, N continental SE Asia east from E Myanmar
3 xanthops Deignan, 1948 iSE Myanmar in N Tenasserim, W Thailand
3 auratus Deignan, 1948 vNE Thailand, C Laos
3 johnsoni (Gyldenstolpe, 1913) iSE continental SE Asia
3 elbeli Deignan, 1954 iSatellites of SE Thailand
3 negatus Deignan, 1954 vSW continental SE Asia
3 caecilii Deignan, 1948 iFar-SW continental SE Asia, Thai-Malay Pen.
4 dispar (Horsfield, 1821)105 iMountains of Sumatra and Java
5 montis (Sharpe, 1879)106 iMountains of Borneo
Pycnonotus squamatus Scaly-breasted Bulbul
webberi (Hume, 1879)107 δiThai-Malay Pen., Sumatra
squamatus (Temminck, 1828) vJava except E
borneensis Chasen, 1941 vBorneo
Pycnonotus cyaniventris Grey-bellied Bulbul
cyaniventris Blyth, 1842 vThai-Malay Pen., Sumatra including Sipura I.
paroticalis (Sharpe, 1878) vBorneo
Pycnonotus jocosus Red-whiskered Bulbul
fuscicaudatus (Gould, 1866) vW and C India
abuensis (Whistler, 1931) vNW India
pyrrhotis (Bonaparte, 1850) vS Nepal, N India from Haryana to Bihar
emeria (Linnaeus, 1758) iNE India in West Bengal, Bangladesh, S Myanmar, SW Thailand
monticola (Horsfield, 1840)108 iYunnan, Himalayan foothills east from West Bengal, NE India, N Myanmar
whistleri Deignan, 1948 iAndamans, Nicobars
jocosus (Linnaeus, 1758) vS China, N Vietnam109
hainanensis (Hachisuka, 1939)110 vHainan
pattani Deignan, 1948 iC and S (excluding SW) continental SE Asia, N and C Thai-Malay Pen.
Pycnonotus xanthorrhous Brown-breasted Bulbul
xanthorrhous (Anderson, 1869) vWC China, N continental SE Asia from NE and E Myanmar to NW Vietnam
andersoni (Swinhoe, 1870) iC and S China
Pycnonotus sinensis111 Light-vented Bulbul
sinensis (J.F. Gmelin, 1789)112 vC and E China
hainanus (Swinhoe, 1870) vS China including Hainan, NE Vietnam
Pycnonotus taivanus Styan's Bulbul
orii N. Kuroda, Sr., 1923 S Ryukyu Is.
formosae E. Hartert, 1910 N and W Taiwan
taivanus Styan, 1893 vS and E Taiwan
Pycnonotus leucogenis 113,114  (J.E. Gray, 1835) Himalayan Bulbulδ
vNE Afghanistan, Himalayan foothills east from N Pakistan
Pycnonotus leucotis115 White-eared Bulbul
mesopotamia Ticehurst, 1918116,117 vIraq, NE Arabia, SW and S Iran
leucotis (Gould, 1836) vS Iran, S Afghanistan, S Pakistan, NW India118
Pycnonotus cafer119 Red-vented Bulbul
humayuni Deignan, 1951 iPakistan, NW and NC India
intermedius Blyth, 1846 vHimalayan foothills from N Pakistan to Uttarakhand
bengalensis Blyth, 1845120 vHimalayan foothills east from Uttarakhand
stanfordi Deignan, 1949 iW Yunnan, NE India, Bangladesh, Myanmar except S and SE
melanchimus Deignan, 1949 vSC Myanmar
wetmorei Deignan, 1960121 iNC India
cafer (Linnaeus, 1766)122 vC and S India123
haemorrhousus (J.F. Gmelin, 1789) vSri Lanka [Gmelin, 1789 #1715]
Pycnonotus aurigaster Sooty-headed Bulbul
chrysorrhoides (Lafresnaye, 1845) iSE China
resurrectus Deignan, 1952 vS China, NE Vietnam
dolichurus Deignan, 1949 vC Vietnam
latouchei Deignan, 1949 iSW China, N continental SE Asia from E Myanmar to NW Vietnam
klossi (Gyldenstolpe, 1920) iSE Myanmar, N Thailand
schauenseei Delacour, 1943 iN Tenasserim (SE Myanmar), SW Thailand
thais (Kloss, 1924) iSC and SE Thailand
germani (Oustalet, 1878) iFar-SE Thailand to S Vietnam
aurigaster (Vieillot, 1818) iJava and Bali124
Pycnonotus xanthopygos   (Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833) White-spectacled Bulbul
iS Turkey, Levant, Sinai, Arabia
Pycnonotus nigricans Black-fronted Bulbul/African Red-eyed Bulbul
nigricans (Vieillot, 1818) iS and C Namibia, S Botswana, N and WC South Africa
superior Clancey, 1959 vEC South Africa [Clancey, 1959 #799]
grisescentior Clancey, 1975125 vSW Angola, N Namibia, N and E Botswana, SW Zambia, NW Zimbabwe, NE South Africa (NW Limpopo) [Clancey, 1975 #873]
Pycnonotus capensis   (Linnaeus, 1766) Cape Bulbul
vW and S South Africa
Pycnonotus barbatus Common Bulbul
barbatus (Desfontaines, 1789) vMorocco to Tunisia
inornatus (Fraser, 1843)126 vSenegal to W Chad and N Cameroon
arsinoe (M.H.C. Lichtenstein, 1823) iEgypt (Nile Valley), Sudan, E Chad
gabonensis Sharpe, 1871127 vC Nigeria and C Cameroon to Gabon and S PR Congo
tricolor (Hartlaub, 1862)128 iE Cameroon to South Sudan, W and C Kenya, south to Angola, N Namibia, NW Botswana and N Zambia
schoanus Neumann, 1905 vEritrea to W, C and E Ethiopia, adjacent E South Sudan
somaliensis Reichenow, 1905129 vDjibouti, SE Ethiopia, NW Somalia
spurius Reichenow, 1905 vS Ethiopia
dodsoni Sharpe, 1895130 iSomalia, SE Ethiopia, N and E Kenya
layardi J.H. Gurney Sr., 1879131 iSE Kenya, E Tanzania and E and S Zambia to E South Africa
Pycnonotus nieuwenhuisii132 Blue-wattled Bulbul
inexspectatus (Chasen, 1939)133 δvLesten (N Sumatra)
nieuwenhuisii (Finsch, 1901) iBorneo
Pycnonotus bimaculatus Orange-spotted Bulbul
snouckaerti Siebers, 1928 iMountains of N Sumatra
bimaculatus (Horsfield, 1821)134 vMountains of C and S Sumatra, and W and C Java
tenggerensis (van Oort, 1911)135 vMountains of E Java and Bali
Pycnonotus finlaysoni Stripe-throated Bulbul
davisoni (Hume, 1875) iS Myanmar
eous Riley, 1940 vS Yunnan, continental SE Asia except NW and NE
finlaysoni Strickland, 1844 iThai-Malay Pen. excluding far-S
Pycnonotus xantholaemus   (Jerdon, 1845) Yellow-throated Bulbul
vS and E India
Pycnonotus penicillatus   Blyth, 1851 Yellow-eared Bulbul
vSri Lanka
Pycnonotus flavescens Flavescent Bulbul
flavescens Blyth, 1845 iNE India, SW Myanmar
vividus (E.C.S. Baker, 1917) vW Yunnan, NE India, Bangladesh, Myanmar except S and SE
sordidus (Robinson & Kloss, 1919) vSE continental SE Asia
leucops (Sharpe, 1888)136 iMountains of Borneo
Pycnonotus goiavier Yellow-vented Bulbul
jambu Deignan, 1955 iSE continental SE Asia from C Thailand
analis (Horsfield, 1821)137 vThai-Malay Pen., Sumatra and E satellites, Java, Bali, Lombok (Lesser Sundas)
gourdini G.R. Gray, 1847138 iBorneo and satellites, Karimunjawa Is. (Java Sea)
goiavier (Scopoli, 1786) iN and NC Philippines139
samarensis Rand & Rabor, 1960 vSamar, Leyte, Cebu, Bohol (Philippines) [Rand, 1960 #3197]
suluensis Mearns, 1909 vS and SW Philippines
Pycnonotus luteolus White-browed Bulbul
luteolus (Lesson, 1841) vC and S India
insulae Whistler & Kinnear, 1932140 iSri Lanka
Pycnonotus plumosus Olive-winged Bulbul
porphyreus Oberholser, 1912 vW Sumatra and nearby islands
plumosus Blyth, 1845141 vThai-Malay Pen., E Sumatra, Java, Bawean, Belitung, W and S Borneo and Anamba Is.
hutzi Stresemann, 1938 iN and NE Borneo
hachisukae Deignan, 1952142 iIslands off N Borneo
Pycnonotus blanfordi Streak-eared Bulbul
blanfordi Jerdon, 1862 iMyanmar except N
conradi (Finsch, 1873) iContinental SE Asia (except NW and NE), N Thai-Malay Pen.
Pycnonotus cinereifrons 143  (Tweeddale, 1878) Ashy-fronted Bulbul
Palawan (W Philippines)
Pycnonotus simplex Cream-vented Bulbul
simplex Lesson, 1839144 iSE Myanmar in S Tenasserim, Thai-Malay Pen., Sumatra and E satellites, S Natuna Is. (Indonesia), Borneo
prillwitzi E. Hartert, 1902 iJava
halizonus Oberholser, 1917 vN Natuna and Anamba Is. (Indonesia)
Pycnonotus brunneus Red-eyed Bulbul
brunneus Blyth, 1845 vSE Myanmar in S Tenasserim, Thai-Malay Pen., Sumatra including NW satellites, Borneo
zapolius Oberholser, 1917 vAnamba Is. (Indonesia)
Pycnonotus erythropthalmos 145,146  (Hume, 1878) Spectacled Bulbulδ
iThai-Malay Pen., Sumatra including NW and E satellites, Borneo
Pycnonotus hualon   Woxvold, Duckworth & Timmins, 2009 Bare-faced Bulbul
C Laos [Woxvold, 2009 #11630]
EUPTILOTUS Reichenbach, 1850 M - Brachypus eutilotus Jardine & Selby, 1837; type by subsequent monotypy (G.R. Gray, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 44).147
Euptilotus eutilotus 148  (Jardine & Selby, 1837) Puff-backed Bulbul
vThai-Malay Pen., Sumatra including Bangka I., Borneo
MICROTARSUS Eyton, 1839 M - Microtarsus melanoleucos Eyton, 1839; type by monotypy149
Microtarsus melanoleucos   Eyton, 1839 Black-and-white Bulbul
Thai-Malay Pen., Sumatra including Siberut I., Borneo
BRACHYPODIUS Blyth, 1845 M - Lanius melanocephalos J.F. Gmelin, 1789; type by original designation = Turdus atriceps Temminck, 1822150
Brachypodius atriceps Black-headed Bulbul
atriceps (Temminck, 1822) iS Yunnan, NE India, E Bangladesh, mainland SE Asia (except NE), Greater Sundas, Palawan and satellites (Philippines)
hyperemnus (Oberholser, 1912) vSimeulue I. (NW Sumatra)
baweanus Finsch, 1901 vBawean I. (Java Sea)
hodiernus (Bangs & J.L. Peters, 1927) vMaratua I. (off E Borneo)
Brachypodius fuscoflavescens 151  Hume, 1873 Andaman Bulbul
Andamans
Brachypodius priocephalus   (Jerdon, 1839) Grey-headed Bulbul
SW India
POLIOLOPHUS Sharpe, 1877 M - Ixus? urostictus Walden, 1875; type by original designation and monotypy = Brachypus urostictus Salvadori, 1870152
Poliolophus urostictus Yellow-wattled Bulbul
ilokensis (Rand & Rabor, 1967) vN Luzon (Philippines) [Rand, 1967 #3200]
urostictus (Salvadori, 1870) vC and S Luzon, Catanduanes, Polillo (Philippines)
atricaudatus (Parkes, 1967) vSamar, Leyte, Bohol (Philippines) [Parkes, 1967 #2921]
philippensis Hachisuka, 1934 vMindanao excluding extreme SW (Philippines)
basilanicus Steere, 1890 vExtreme SW Mindanao on S Zamboanga Pen., Basilan (Philippines)
ACRITILLAS Oberholser, 1905 F - Criniger ictericus Strickland, 1844; type by original designation   
Acritillas indica Yellow-browed Bulbul
icterica (Strickland, 1844) vW India
indica (Jerdon, 1839) vSW India, Sri Lanka except SW
guglielmi (Ripley, 1946) iSW Sri Lanka
THAPSINILLAS Oberholser, 1905 F - Criniger affinis Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841; type by original designation   153
Thapsinillas affinis154 Golden Bulbul
1 platenae (W. Blasius, 1888) iSangir (Sangir Is.)
2 aurea (Walden, 1872) vTogian Is. (N Sulawesi)
3 harterti (Stresemann, 1912) iBanggai Is. (E Sulawesi)
3 longirostris (Wallace, 1863) vSula Is. (E Sulawesi)
4 chloris (Finsch, 1867) iMorotai, Halmahera, Bacan (Moluccas)
5 lucasi (E. Hartert, 1903) iObi (N Moluccas)
6 mysticalis (Wallace, 1863)155 δvBuru (S Moluccas)
7 affinis (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841) vSeram (S Moluccas)
7 flavicaudus (Bonaparte, 1850) iAmbon (S Moluccas)
CERASOPHILA Bingham, 1900 F - Cerasophila thompsoni Bingham, 1900; type by monotypy   
Cerasophila thompsoni   Bingham, 1900 White-headed Bulbul
iMyanmar (except W and far-SE), NW Thailand
1 Recognised genera based on Moyle & Marks (2006) [Moyle, 2006 #9983], Johansson et al. (2007) [Johansson, 2007 #9907] and Oliveros & Moyle (2010) [Oliveros, 2010 #12033]; however, limited taxon sampling has allowed changing species sequences in only a few genera.
2 For recognition see Johansson et al. (2007) [Johansson, 2007 #9907].
3 Includes chagwensis see White (1962) [White, 1962 #4188] and congensis see Keith (1992) [Keith, 1992 #2182].
4 Correct original spelling. Spelling serina in Rand & Deignan (1960) [Rand, 1960 #3196] and Dickinson (2003) [Dickinson, 2003 #9533] an ISS; original spelling not variable.
5 Treated in a broad genus Pycnonotus in Rand & Deignan (1960) [Rand, 1960 #3196]; however African ornithology generally has not followed this. See Keith (1992) [Keith, 1992 #2182].
6 Includes somaliensis and subalaris see White (1962) [White, 1962 #4188].
7 Includes noomei see White (1962) [White, 1962 #4188] and errolius Clancey, 1975 [Clancey, 1975 #872], see Keith (1992) [Keith, 1992 #2182].
8 Includes loquax Clancey, 1975 [Clancey, 1975 #872], see Keith (1992) [Keith, 1992 #2182].
9 Recognition follows Zimmerman et al. (1996) [Zimmerman, 1996 #4328].
10 For placement in sequence of genera see Zuccon & Ericson (2010) [Zuccon, 2010 #12410].
11 Includes nandensis Cunningham-van Someren & Schifter, 1981 [Cunningham-van Someren, 1981 #1103].
12 For recognition, see White (1962) [White, 1962 #4188]. Included in the nominate form by Fishpool & Tobias (2005) [Fishpool, 2005 #12205].
13 For treatment as a separate species from B. eximius see Chappuis & Erard (1992) [Chappuis, 1992 #696].
14 For recommended date of publication see Dickinson et al. (2011) [Dickinson, 2011 #13287].
15 The rare 1850 publication was republished in 1852 in Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaftlichen Hamburg. Link to original citation follows range statement.
16 Originally named moreli Érard, 1991 [Érard, 1991 #1528] honouring more than one person and thus correctly emended by Érard (1992) [Érard, 1992 #1529].
17 For recognition see Johansson et al. (2007) [Johansson, 2007 #9907].
18 Includes simplicicolor see White (1962) [White, 1962 #4188].
19 Included in soror by Keith (1992) [Keith, 1992 #2182], but recognised by Zimmerman et al. (1996) [Zimmerman, 1996 #4328].
20 Includes bugoma see Keith (1992) [Keith, 1992 #2182].
21 For recommended date of publication see Dickinson et al. (2011) [Dickinson, 2011 #13287].
22 Includes togoensis see White (1962) [White, 1962 #4188].
23 For recommended date of publication see Dickinson et al. (2011) [Dickinson, 2011 #13287].
24 Our species sequence follows Keith (1992) [Keith, 1992 #2182].
25 For correct date see Sherborn (1934) [Sherborn, 1934 #3608].
26 Includes ortiva Clancey, 1979 [Clancey, 1979 #898]; see Keith (1992) [Keith, 1992 #2182].
27 For correct date see Sherborn (1934) [Sherborn, 1934 #3608].
28 For recognition see Johansson et al. (2007) [Johansson, 2007 #9907]. The species sequence is based on Roy et al. (1997, 1998) [Roy, 1997 #15735], [Roy, 1998 #3405].
29 Includes disjunctus Clancey, 1969 [Clancey, 1969 #838], see Keith (1992) [Keith, 1992 #2182].
30 For treatment as a separate species from A. tephrolaema, see the molecular findings of Roy (1997) [Roy, 1997 #15735], and Fishpool & Tobias (2005) [Fishpool, 2005 #12205].
31 For treatment within A. nigriceps see Zimmerman et al. (1996) [Zimmerman, 1996 #4328] and the molecular data of Roy (1997) [Roy, 1997 #15735].
32 For correct date see Duncan (1937) [Duncan, 1937 #1442].
33 For treatment as a separate species from A. nigriceps, see the molecular findings of Roy (1997) [Roy, 1997 #15735] and Johansson et al. (2007) [Johansson, 2007 #9907].
34 This taxon was reassigned from A. tephrolaemus to this species by Hall & Moreau (1964) [Hall, 1964 #1885].
35 For recognition and species sequence see Johansson et al. (2007) [Johansson, 2007 #9907].
36 Includes eugenius and saturata; see Keith (1992) [Keith, 1992 #2182].
37 This may be a sibling species, see Keith (1992) [Keith, 1992 #2182]; but is treated as a synonym of the nominate form by Fishpool & Tobias (2005) [Fishpool, 2005 #12205].
38 Includes holochlorus, a name given to an intermediate population, see Keith (1992) [Keith, 1992 #2182]; also includes poensis Dickerman (1994) [Dickerman, 1994 #1347] and its replacement name amadoni Dickerman 1997 [Dickerman, 1997 #1351], see Eisentraut (1973) [Eisentraut, 1973 #1496].
39 For recommended date of publication see Dickinson et al. (2011) [Dickinson, 2011 #13287].
40 Includes marwitzi see White (1962) [White, 1962 #4188].
41 Includes hallae Prigogine, 1972 [Prigogine, 1972 #3137], a name given to a melanistic specimen, see Keith (1992) [Keith, 1992 #2182].
42 For recommended date see Dickinson et al. (2011) [Dickinson, 2011 #13287].
43 The genus Criniger is now restricted to African species following the confirmation of evidence from Asian species by Oliveros & Moyle (2010) [Oliveros, 2010 #12033].
44 For renewed treatment as a separate species from C. barbatus; see Keith (1992) [Keith, 1992 #2182]. Includes weileri see White (1962) [White, 1962 #4188].
45 For recommended date of publication see Dickinson et al. (2011) [Dickinson, 2011 #13287].
46 For recommended date of publication see Dickinson et al. (2011) [Dickinson, 2011 #13287].
47 Dual original spellings. See David et al. (2009) [David, 2009 #11541].
48 Species sequence based on Johansson et al. (2007) [Johansson, 2007 #9907]. Madagascan species, other than P. xanthophrys which was earlier transferred to Oxylabes, have been transferred to the warbler genera Bernieria and Xanthomixis see Cibois et al. (2001) [Cibois, 2001 #765]. Includes Pyrrhurus.
49 For correct date see Browning & Monroe (1991) [Browning, 1991 #542].
50 For treatment as a separate species from P. debilis see Fuchs et al. (2011) [Fuchs, 2011 #12857]; who note introgression with P. debilis occurs at mid elevation on Mt. Kanga.
51 Included in a monotypic species by Fishpool & Tobias (2005) [Fishpool, 2005 #12205].
52 Includes tricolor see Keith (1992) [Keith, 1992 #2182].
53 For correct date see Sherborn (1934) [Sherborn, 1934 #3608].
54 Includes katangae Prigogine, 1969 [Prigogine, 1969 #3136], see Keith (1992) [Keith, 1992 #2182].
55 For recognition see Zimmerman et al. (1996) [Zimmerman, 1996 #4328]. But see Keith (1992) [Keith, 1992 #2182] and Fishpool & Tobias (2005) [Fishpool, 2005 #12205] for inclusion in subspecies suahelicus.
56 For recognition see Dowsett et al. (2009) [Dowsett, 2009 #13363].
57 Not mentioned by Fishpool & Tobias (2005) [Fishpool, 2005 #12205].
58 The separation of P. fischeri from P. cabanisi was proposed by Ripley & Heinrich (1966) [Ripley, 1966 #3320].
59 Included in a monotypic species by Fishpool & Tobias (2005) [Fishpool, 2005 #12205].
60 The recombination of P. placidus and P. cabanisi was proposed by Dowsett & Dowsett-Lemaire (1980) [Dowsett, 1980 #1414].
61 Includes nandensis Cunningham-van Someren & Schifter, 1981 [Cunningham-van Someren, 1981 #1103], and ngurumanensis Cunningham-van Someren & Schifter, 1981 [Cunningham-van Someren, 1981 #1103].
62 For correct date see Sherborn (1934) [Sherborn, 1934 #3608].
63 Includes ruwenzorii Prigogne, 1975 [Prigogine, 1975 #3138], and itombwensis Prigogne, 1975 [Prigogine, 1975 #3138], see Keith (1992) [Keith, 1992 #2182].
64 Includes distans Clancey, 1962 [Clancey, 1962 #809], dendrophilus Clancey, 1962 [Clancey, 1962 #809], and dryobates Clancey, 1975 [Clancey, 1975 #872], see Keith (1992) [Keith, 1992 #2182].
65 Includes acedis and upembae see Keith (1992) [Keith, 1992 #2182].
66 Under Art. 11.6.1 (I.C.Z.N., 1999) a name introduced before 1931 that is drawn from its earlier introduction in synonymy is to be credited to the author introducing it in synonymy. Thus Robinson & Kloss (1924) [Robinson, 1924 #4761] do not get the credit.
67 Oliveros & Moyle (2010) [Oliveros, 2010 #12033] show that this name might be more appropriately used for a monotypic species. However, no genus-group name is yet available for the other species included here.
68 Includes Criniger cabanisi Müller, 1852 preoccupied by Criniger cabanisi Sharpe, 1882 and permanently invalid under Art. 57.2 of the Code (I.C.Z.N., 1999) [I.C.Z.N., 1999 #2059].
69 Original publication, not seen in original form, supposedly dated 1956; treatment as 1957, as by Rand & Deignan (1960) [Rand, 1960 #3196], based on a library receipt date of July 1957 which should be followed if there is evidence that publication was delayed.
70 Includes balicus; see Mees (1986) [Mees, 1986 #2631].
71 Given as 1832 by Rand & Deignan (1960) [Rand, 1960 #3196]. Browning & Monroe (1991) [Browning, 1991 #542] argued for 1831; but see Dickinson (2008) [Dickinson, 2008 #11083].
72 The name Iole virescens Blyth, 1845, was preoccupied in Hypsipetes by Ixos virescens Temminck, 1825 and replaced before 1961 and thus is permanently invalid, see Art. 59.3 of the Code (I.C.Z.N., 1999) [I.C.Z.N., 1999 #2059]. It should not have been used by Dickinson (2003) [Dickinson, 2003 #9533].
73 The name Iole olivacea Blyth, 1844, was preoccupied in Hypsipetes by Hypsipetes olivaceus Jardine & Selby, 1837 and replaced before 1961 and thus is permanently invalid, see Art. 59.3 of the Code (I.C.Z.N., 1999) [I.C.Z.N., 1999 #2059]. It should not have been used by Dickinson (2003) [Dickinson, 2003 #9533].
74 Includes perplexa; see Voous (1961) [Voous, 1961 #4059] and Mees (1986) [Mees, 1986 #2631]. But see Smythies (1999) [Smythies, 1999 #3667].
75 Placed in the genus Ixos by Fishpool & Tobias (2005) [Fishpool, 2005 #12205] but see Oliveros & Moyle (2010) [Oliveros, 2010 #12033].
76 Subspecies groups derived from treatment of Fishpool & Tobias (2005) [Fishpool, 2005 #12205]; molecular corroboration of their views are desirable.
77 This name, for the validity of which see Bock (1994) [Bock, 1994 #398], is the oldest name for the broad genus for which Deignan (1960) [Rand, 1960 #3196] used the name Hypsipetes. See also Mees (1969: 302-303) [Mees, 1969 #2613]. and Dickinson & Gregory (2002) [Dickinson, 2002 #1383].
78 Due to paraphyly as shown in Fig. 2 of Oliveros & Moyle (2010) [Oliveros, 2010 #12033] several species are restored to Hypsipetes as they suggested.
79 Originally named Ixocincla virescens Blyth, 1845, but this was preoccupied in a broad genus Hypsipetes by Ixos virescens Temminck, 1825, and was replaced before 1961 and is thus permanently invalid; see Art. 59.3 of the Code (I.C.Z.N., 1999) [I.C.Z.N., 1999 #2059].
80 Justified emendation. Original misspelling canesccns.
81 A reduced genus Hypsipetes compared to Rand & Deignan (1960) [Rand, 1960 #3196] which includes Microscelis and Ixos and is based on Oliveros & Moyle (2010) [Oliveros, 2010 #12033].
82 As far as possible due to limited taxon sampling species sequence follows Oliveros & Moyle (2010) [Oliveros, 2010 #12033].
83 For treatment of this and H. mindorensis as two separate species from H. philippinus see Oliveros & Moyle (2010) [Oliveros, 2010 #12033].
84 For treatment as a separate species from H. philippinus see Dickinson et al. (1991) [Dickinson, 1991 #1361].
85 Includes samarensis see Dickinson et al. (1991) [Dickinson, 1991 #1361].
86 Correct original spelling. Spelling matchiae in Rand & Deignan (1960) [Rand, 1960 #3196] and Dickinson (2003) [Dickinson, 2003 #9533] was an ISS.
87 Includes insignis see Orn. Soc. Japan (1974) [Ornithological Society of Japan, 1974 #2874].
88 Those considering Taiwan birds to match those from Iriomote and neighbouring islands, e.g. Fishpool & Tobias (2005) [Fishpool, 2005 #12205], need to use this name as harterti is unavailable and nagamichii does not have priority.
89 Livraison wrapper dated December 1830 see Dickinson & Daneliya (2011) [Dickinson, 2011 #12678].
90 The name Microscelis a. harterti Kuroda, 1922, was preoccupied in Hypsipetes by Criniger affinis harterti Stresemann, 1912 and was replaced before 1961 and thus is permanently invalid, see Art. 59.3 of the Code (I.C.Z.N., 1999) [I.C.Z.N., 1999 #2059]. It should not have been used by Dickinson (2003) [Dickinson, 2003 #9533].
91 For treatment as a separate species from H. borbonicus see Warren et al. (2005) [Warren, 2005 #10470].
92 For correct date see Sherborn (1899) [Sherborn, 1899 #3605] and Zimmer (1926) [Zimmer, 1926 #4296].
93 Rand & Deignan (1960) [Rand, 1960 #3196] treated a broad species including H. leucocephalus.
94 Included in the nominate form by Fishpool & Tobias (2005) [Fishpool, 2005 #12205].
95 For transfer from H. madagascariensis to here, with associated subspecies rostratus, see Cheke & Diamond (1986) [Cheke, 1986 #717].
96 Described as a subspecies of H. crassirostris. For treatment as a separate species see Warren et al. (2005) [Warren, 2005 #10470]; but see also Fishpool & Tobias (2005) [Fishpool, 2005 #12205] who maintained this as a subspecies.
97 Use of 1933 by Dickinson (2003) [Dickinson, 2003 #9533] mistaken; see Pittie (2003) [Pittie, 2003 #3097].
98 For treatment as a separate species, with subspecies humii, see Rasmussen & Anderton (2005) [Rasmussen, 2005 #4749] and Fishpool & Tobias (2005) [Fishpool, 2005 #12205].
99 Species assigned here are based on clade B in Oliveros & Moyle (2010) [Oliveros, 2010 #12033], with the exclusion of crested Spizixos, but too few species were screened to encourage a revised species sequence and indeed fuller sampling may greatly change the picture and strengthen the case for subdivision.
100 For correct date see Richmond (1926) [Richmond, 1926 #3268].
101 For correct date see Richmond (1926) [Richmond, 1926 #3268].
102 Five subspecies groups reflect the treatment of Rasmussen & Anderton (2005) [Rasmussen, 2005 #4749] and Fishpool & Tobias (2005) [Fishpool, 2005 #12205].
103 For treatment as a separate species see Rasmussen & Anderton (2005) [Rasmussen, 2005 #4749].
104 For treatment as a separate species see Rasmussen & Anderton (2005) [Rasmussen, 2005 #4749].
105 For treatment as a separate species see Fishpool & Tobias (2005) [Fishpool, 2005 #12205].
106 For treatment as a separate species see Fishpool & Tobias (2005) [Fishpool, 2005 #12205].
107 Original spelling; no internal evidence allows emendation to weberi as used by Rand & Deignan (1960) [Rand, 1960 #3196] and Dickinson (2003) [Dickinson, 2003 #9533].
108 For correction of authorship see Dickinson (2003) [Dickinson, 2003 #1384].
109 Introduced to Mauritius, Seychelles, Australia (E New South Wales), Hawaiian Is. (Oahu) and USA (California and Florida).
110 For recognition see Dickinson et al. (2002) [Dickinson, 2002 #1379] and Fishpool & Tobias (2005) [Fishpool, 2005 #12205].
111 For attribution of subspecies to this species or to P. taivanus see McKay et al. (2013) [McKay, 2013 #15279]. See also Chang et al. (2010) [Chang Hsueh-Wei, 2010 #13371].
112 Includes hoyi see Mauersberger & Fischer (1992) [Mauersberger, 1992 #2535], a source missed by Dickinson et al. (2002) [Dickinson, 2002 #1379].
113 For treatment of this and P. leucotis as conspecific see Sibley & Short (1959) [Sibley, 1959 #3631], Paludan (1959) [Paludan, 1959 #2896] and Roberts (1992) [Roberts, 1992 #3362]. The name humii is now considered to apply to interspecific hybrids; see Fishpool & Tobias (2005) [Fishpool, 2005 #12205].
114 Correct original spelling. Spelling leucogenys in Rand & Deignan (1960) [Rand, 1960 #3196] and Dickinson (2003) [Dickinson, 2003 #9533] was an ISS.
115 For treatment as a separate species from P. leucogenis see Rasmussen & Anderton (2005) [Rasmussen, 2005 #4749].
116 Includes dactylus see Cramp et al. (1988) [Cramp, 1988 #1087].
117 The original name mesopotamia is a noun in apposition (Mesopotamia, in Greek as well as in Latin) under Art. 26 of the Code (I.C.Z.N., 1999) [I.C.Z.N., 1999 #2059]; the author subsequently proposed a correction, which is not a Code-compliant justified emendation.
118 Introduced to Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates and Oman.
119 Stresemann (1952) [Stresemann, 1952 #3767] corrected the type locality of the nominate form from Ceylon to Pondicherry. Subspecific names thus change compared to Rand & Deignan (1960) [Rand, 1960 #3196], who did not follow Stresemann.
120 Includes primrosei see Ripley (1982) [Ripley, 1982 #3332].
121 The name saturatus Whistler & Kinnear, 1932 was preoccupied in Pycnonotus by Stelgidocichla latirostris saturata Mearns, 1914, and was replaced prior to 1961 and is thus permanently invalid; see Art. 59.3 of the Code (I.C.Z.N., 1999) [I.C.Z.N., 1999 #2059].
122 Includes pusillus see Ripley (1982) [Ripley, 1982 #3332].
123 Introduced to Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Fiji, New Caledonia, American Samoa, Samoa, Tahiti, Tonga and Hawaiian Is. (Oahu).
124 Introduced to Singapore, SW Sulawesi and NE Sumatra.
125 Recognition follows Dowsett et al. (2009) [Dowsett, 2009 #13363]. But see Fishpool & Tobias (2005) [Fishpool, 2005 #12205].
126 Includes goodi see White (1962) [White, 1962 #4188].
127 Includes nigeriae see White (1962) [White, 1962 #4188].
128 Includes minor, fayi and ngamii see White (1962) [White, 1962 #4188].
129 If the genus Andropadus is submerged in Pycnonotus it is necessary to use the substitute name zeilae Deignan, 1960. See addendum to Rand & Deignan (1960) [Rand, 1960 #3196].
130 Includes peasei see White (1962) [White, 1962 #4188].
131 Includes tenebrior and micrus see White (1962) [White, 1962 #4188].
132 Very probably both forms are natural wild hybrids; see Williams (2002) [Williams, 2002 #4221].
133 Correct original spelling. Spelling inexpectatus by Dickinson (2003) [Dickinson, 2003 #9533], was an ISS.
134 Includes barat see Mees (1996) [Mees, 1996 #2638].
135 For recognition see Dickinson & Dekker (2002) [Dickinson, 2002 #1377].
136 Considered likely to warrant species rank see Fishpool & Tobias (2005) [Fishpool, 2005 #12205].
137 Includes personata; see Mees (1986) [Mees, 1986 #2631].
138 Includes karimuniensis Hoogerwerf, 1963 [Hoogerwerf, 1963 #2005], see Mees (1986) [Mees, 1986 #2631].
139 Introduced to S Sulawesi.
140 Use of 1933 by Dickinson (2003) [Dickinson, 2003 #9533] was erroneous; Pittie (2003) [Pittie, 2003 #3097] clearly documented 1932.
141 Includes billitonis, chiroplethis and sibergi Hoogerwerf, 1965 [Hoogerwerf, 1965 #2007], see Mees (1986) [Mees, 1986 #2631].
142 The prior name insularis Chasen & Kloss, 1929 was replaced prior to 1961 and is thus permanently invalid (Art. 59.3 of the Code; I.C.Z.N., 1999) [I.C.Z.N., 1999 #2059].
143 For treatment as a separate species from P. plumosus see Oliveros & Moyle (2010) [Oliveros, 2010 #12033].
144 Includes oblitus and perplexus see Mees (1986) [Mees, 1986 #2631].
145 Correct original spelling. Spelling erythrophthalmus in Dickinson (2003) [Dickinson, 2003 #9533] was an ISS.
146 Includes salvadorii; see Dickinson & Dekker (2002) [Dickinson, 2002 #1377].
147 See Oliveros & Moyle [Oliveros, 2010 #12033] for basis for recognition of this genus.
148 Use of 1836 by Dickinson (2003) [Dickinson, 2003 #9533] was mistaken. Sherborn (1894) [Sherborn, 1894 #3603] corrected himself in Sherborn (1899) [Sherborn, 1899 #3605].
149 See Oliveros & Moyle [Oliveros, 2010 #12033] for basis for recognition of this genus.
150 For basis of recognition see Oliveros & Moyle [Oliveros, 2010 #12033];and by extension P. priocephalus must belong here.
151 For treatment as a separate species from B. atriceps, see Rasmussen & Anderton (2005) [Rasmussen, 2005 #4749].
152 See Oliveros & Moyle (2010) [Oliveros, 2010 #12033] for basis for recognition of this genus.
153 For separation of this genus from Hypsipetes see Dickinson & Gregory (2002) [Dickinson, 2002 #1383].
154 For a revision and treatment as seven species see Collar, Eaton & Hutchinson (2013) [Collar, 2013 #15412]; these are here treated as subspecies groups pending corroboration through molecular work. Fishpool & Tobias (2005) [Fishpool, 2005 #12205] accepted two species.
155 Correct original spelling, Spelling mystacalis in Rand & Deignan (1960) [Rand, 1960 #3196] and Dickinson (2003) [Dickinson, 2003 #9533] was an ISS.
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