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TIMALIIDAE - Scimitar Babblers and allies¹ (11:46)

SPELAEORNIS David & Oustalet, 1877 M - Pnoepyga troglodytoides J. Verreaux, 1871; type by subsequent designation (Sharpe, 1882, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 6, p. 264).

Spelaeornis caudatus ² (Blyth, 1845) Rufous-throated Wren Babbler

vHimalayan foothills east from E Nepal

Spelaeornis badeigularis ³ Ripley, 1948 Rusty-throated Wren Babbler

vExtreme NE India in Mishmi hills

Spelaeornis troglodytoides Bar-winged Wren Babbler

sherriffi Kinnear, 1934 iHimalayan foothills east from E Bhutan

indiraji Ripley, Saha & Beehler, 1991 iNE India in SE Arunachal Pradesh [Ripley, 1991 #3340]

souliei Oustalet, 1898 iW Yunnan, NE India in WC Arunachal Pradesh, NE Myanmar

rocki Riley, 1929 iNW Yunnan (Mekong valley)

troglodytoides (J. Verreaux, 1871)⁴ δiW Sichuan

nanchuanensis Li Gui-yuan, Yang Qing-mao & Yu Zhi-wei, 1992 vWC to C China in C Sichuan, Hunan, Hubei [Li Gui-yuan, 1992 #2379]

halsueti (David, 1875) iNC China in Shaanxi

Spelaeornis chocolatinus (Godwin-Austen & Walden, 1875) Naga Wren Babbler

vNE India (Nagaland and Manipur)

Spelaeornis oatesi ⁵ (Rippon, 1904) Chin Hills Wren Babbler

NE India in Mizoram, W Myanmar

Spelaeornis reptatus ⁶ (Bingham, 1903) Grey-bellied Wren Babbler

vN and SW Yunnan, SW Sichuan, NE India in SE Arunachal Pradesh, NE and E Myanmar

Spelaeornis kinneari ⁷ Delacour & Jabouille, 1930 Pale-throated Wren Babbler

NW Vietnam

Spelaeornis longicaudatus (F. Moore, 1854) Tawny-breasted Wren Babbler

vNE India in E Meghalaya

ELACHURA E.W. Oates, 1889 F - Troglodytes punctatus Blyth, 1845; type by monotypy = Troglodytes formosus Walden, 1874^8,9

Elachura formosa (Walden, 1874) Elachura

vSE Yunnan and NW Fujian, Himalayan foothills east from E Nepal, NE India, NE Bangladesh, N and EC continental SE Asia

POMATORHINUS Horsfield, 1821 M - Pomatorhinus montanus Horsfield, 1821; type by monotypy ^10,11

Pomatorhinus ochraceiceps Red-billed Scimitar Babbler

stenorhynchus Godwin-Austen, 1877 vSW Yunnan, E Arunachal Pradesh, N Myanmar

austeni Hume, 1881 iNE India, SE Bangladesh, NW Myanmar

ochraceiceps Walden, 1873 iN and EC continental SE Asia east from E Myanmar

alius Riley, 1940 vEC Thailand, S Laos (Bolovens plateau), SC Vietnam (Langbian mountains)

Pomatorhinus ferruginosus Coral-billed Scimitar Babbler

ferruginosus Blyth, 1845 vHimalayan foothills east from E Nepal

formosus Koelz, 1952 vNE India from Meghalaya to Nagaland and Manipur

phayrei Blyth, 1847 iNE India in Mizoram, SW Myanmar

stanfordi Ticehurst, 1935¹² iHimalayan foothills in E Arunachal Pradesh, NE Myanmar

albogularis Blyth, 1855 vE Myanmar, NW Thailand

orientalis Delacour, 1927 vS Yunnan, NE continental SE Asia

dickinsoni J.C. Eames, 2002 iC Vietnam [Eames, 2002 #1465]

Pomatorhinus superciliaris Slender-billed Scimitar Babbler

superciliaris (Blyth, 1842) vHimalayan foothills east from WC Nepal

intextus (Ripley, 1948)¹³ vNE India, W Myanmar

forresti (Rothschild, 1926) iW Yunnan, NE Myanmar

rothschildi (Delacour & Jabouille, 1930) iSE Yunnan, NW Vietnam

Pomatorhinus horsfieldii^14,15 Indian Scimitar Babbler

1 obscurus Hume, 1872 vNW India

1 horsfieldii Sykes, 1832 iW to E India

1 maderaspatensis Whistler, 1936 vSE India in E Ghats

1 travancoreensis Harington, 1914 vSW India

2 melanurus Blyth, 1847 vW and SW Sri Lanka

2 holdsworthi Whistler, 1942¹⁶ iN and E Sri Lanka

Pomatorhinus schisticeps White-browed Scimitar Babbler

leucogaster Gould, 1838 iHimalayan foothills from Himachal Pradesh to W Uttarakhand

schisticeps Hodgson, 1836 iHimalayan foothills east from E Uttarakhand, NW Myanmar

salimalii Ripley, 1948 iFar-NE India in Mishmi hills

cryptanthus E. Hartert, 1915 iNE India in Meghalaya, Nagaland, SE Assam

mearsi Ogilvie-Grant, 1905 iW Myanmar

ripponi Harington, 1910 iE Myanmar, NW Thailand, N Laos

Pomatorhinus montanus¹⁷ Chestnut-backed Scimitar Babbler

nuchalis Wardlaw Ramsay, 1877 vC, S and E Myanmar

difficilis Deignan, 1956 vSE Myanmar in N Tenasserim, W Thailand

klossi E.C.S. Baker, 1917 SE Thailand, SW Cambodia

fastidiosus E. Hartert, 1916¹⁸ vN Thai-Malay Pen.

occidentalis Robinson & Kloss, 1923¹⁹ vS Thai-Malay Pen., Sumatra

montanus Horsfield, 1821 vW and C Java

ottolanderi Robinson, 1918 iE Java, Bali

bornensis Cabanis, 1851 vBangka, Borneo

Pomatorhinus ruficollis^20,21 Streak-breasted Scimitar Babbler

1 ruficollis Hodgson, 1836 vHimalayan foothills from Uttarakhand to E Nepal

1 godwini Kinnear, 1944 iHimalayan foothills east from E Nepal

1 bakeri Harington, 1914 iNE India, SE Bangladesh, W Myanmar

1 similis Rothschild, 1926²² vNW Yunnan, NE Myanmar

1 albipectus La Touche, 1923 iSC Yunnan, N Laos

1 beaulieui Delacour & Greenway, 1940 iNE and C Laos

1 saturatus Delacour, 1927²³ vNW Vietnam

2 reconditus Bangs & J.C. Phillips, 1914²⁴ vEC and SE Yunnan, N Vietnam

2 styani Seebohm, 1884²⁵ C China

2 hunanensis Cheng Tso-hsin, 1974²⁶ vSC China [Cheng Tso-hsin, 1974 #731]

2 eidos Bangs, 1930 iWC China in S Sichuan

3 stridulus Swinhoe, 1861 vNC and E China

3 nigrostellatus Swinhoe, 1870 vHainan

3 musicus Swinhoe, 1859 vTaiwan

4 olivaceus Blyth, 1847 vSW continental SE Asia

4 humilis Delacour, 1932 vNE and E Thailand, S Laos, C Vietnam

4 annamensis Robinson & Kloss, 1919 vS Vietnam

ERYTHROGENYS E.C.S. Baker, 1930 F - Pomatorhinus erythrogenys Vigors, 1831; type by original designation and tautonymy^27,28,29

Erythrogenys hypoleucos Large Scimitar Babbler

hypoleucos (Blyth, 1844) iHimalayan foothills in Arunachal Pradesh, NE India, Bangladesh, W and N Myanmar

tickelli (Hume, 1877) iSW China, continental SE Asia (Thailand eastwards) except SE

brevirostris (Robinson & Kloss, 1919) vSE continental SE Asia

wrayi (Sharpe, 1887)³⁰ iMountains of S Thai-Malay Pen. [Sharpe, 1887 #3587]

hainana (Rothschild, 1903) vHainan

Erythrogenys erythrogenys^31,32 Rusty-cheeked Scimitar Babbler

erythrogenys (Vigors, 1831)³³ αiHimalayan foothills from N Pakistan to NW India

ferrugilatus (Hodgson, 1836) Himalayan foothills in W and C Nepal

haringtoni (E.C.S. Baker, 1914)³⁴ Himalayan foothills from E Nepal to E Bhutan

imberbis (Salvadori, 1889) vEC Myanmar (Karenni)

celata (Deignan, 1941) vE Myanmar, NW Thailand

Erythrogenys erythrocnemis³⁵ Spot-breasted Scimitar Babbler

1 mcclellandi (Godwin-Austen, 1870) Himalayan foothills in EC Arunachal Pradesh, NE India, Bangladesh, W and N Myanmar

2 odica (Bangs & J.C. Phillips, 1914) vSW China in S Yunnan and Guizhou, N continental SE Asia east from NE Myanmar

2 decarlei (Deignan, 1952) SE Xizang and SW China in NE Yunnan and SW Sichuan

2 dedekensi (Oustalet, 1892)³⁶ δE Xizang and SW China in NW Yunnan and W Sichuan

2 gravivox (David, 1873)³⁷ WC and C China in S Gansu, N Sichuan and Shaanxi

2 cowensae (Deignan, 1952) WC and C China in E Sichuan and SW Hubei

3 swinhoei (David, 1874)³⁸ S and SE China

4 erythrocnemis (Gould, 1863) Taiwan

STACHYRIS Hodgson, 1844 F - Stachyris nigriceps Blyth, 1844; type by original designation ³⁹

Stachyris grammiceps ⁴⁰ (Temminck, 1828) White-breasted Babbler

iW Java

Stachyris nigricollis (Temminck, 1836) Black-throated Babbler

vThai-Malay Pen., Sumatra, Borneo

Stachyris maculata Chestnut-rumped Babbler

maculata (Temminck, 1836)⁴¹ vThai-Malay Pen., Sumatra including Riau Arch., Borneo

banjakensis Richmond, 1902 vBanyak Is. (NW Sumatra)

hypopyrrha Oberholser, 1912 vBatu Is. (NW Sumatra)

Stachyris nigriceps Grey-throated Babbler

nigriceps Blyth, 1844^42,43 iSE Xizang, Himalayan foothills east from WC Nepal

coltarti Harington, 1913⁴⁴ iSW Yunnan, NE India (Meghalaya, SE Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland), W and N Myanmar, NW Thailand

yunnanensis La Touche, 1921 vSE Yunnan, N and EC continental SE Asia east from far-E Myanmar

rileyi Chasen, 1936 iBolovens plateau (S Laos)?, Langbian mountains (SC Vietnam)

dipora Oberholser, 1922 vN Thai-Malay Pen.

davisoni Sharpe, 1892 iC and S Thai-Malay Pen.

larvata (Bonaparte, 1850) vSumatra including Lingga Arch.

natunensis E. Hartert, 1894 vN Natuna Is. (Indonesia)

tionis Robinson & Kloss, 1927 iTioman I. (far-SE Thai-Malay Pen.)

hartleyi Chasen, 1935 iNW Borneo

borneensis Sharpe, 1887 vBorneo except NW

Stachyris humei⁴⁵ Wedge-billed Babbler

1 humei (Mandelli, 1873) iHimalayan foothills east from E Nepal

2 roberti (Godwin-Austen & Walden, 1875) iNW Yunnan, NE India to SE Arunachal Pradesh, N Myanmar

Stachyris poliocephala (Temminck, 1836) Grey-headed Babbler

vThai-Malay Pen. (except far-N), Sumatra, Borneo

Stachyris leucotis White-necked Babbler

leucotis (Strickland, 1848) vC and S Thai-Malay Pen.

sumatrensis Chasen, 1939 vSumatra

obscurata Mayr, 1942 vBorneo

Stachyris herberti (E.C.S. Baker, 1920) Sooty Babbler

iC Laos, C Vietnam

Stachyris nonggangensis Zhou Fang & Jiang Ai-wu, 2008 Nonggang Babbler

vSW Guangxi [Zhou Fang, 2008 #10961]

Stachyris strialata⁴⁶ Spot-necked Babbler

helenae Delacour & Greenway, 1939 iS Yunnan, N Thailand, N Laos

guttata (Blyth, 1859) vSE Myanmar in N Tenasserim, W Thailand

tonkinensis Kinnear, 1938⁴⁷ αvSE Yunnan and Guangxi, Laos (except S), Vietnam

swinhoei Rothschild, 1903 iHainan

nigrescentior Deignan, 1947 vN Thai-Malay Pen.

umbrosa (Kloss, 1921) vN Sumatra

strialata (S. Müller, 1836)^48,49 αδC and S Sumatra

Stachyris oglei (Godwin-Austen, 1877) Snowy-throated Babbler

iNE India in E Assam and SE Arunachal Pradesh, N Myanmar

Stachyris thoracica White-bibbed Babbler

thoracica (Temminck, 1821) vW and C Java

orientalis Robinson, 1918 vE Java

DUMETIA Blyth, 1852 F - Timalia hyperythra Franklin, 1831; type by subsequent designation (G.R. Gray, 1855, Cat. of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds, p. 45). ⁵⁰

Dumetia hyperythra Tawny-bellied Babbler

hyperythra (Franklin, 1831)⁵¹ vHimalayan foothills from Himachal Pradesh to SE Nepal, NC, W and E India

albogularis (Blyth, 1847) vS India

phillipsi Whistler, 1941 iSri Lanka

RHOPOCICHLA E.W. Oates, 1889 F - Brachypteryx atriceps Jerdon, 1839; type by original designation

Rhopocichla atriceps Dark-fronted Babbler

atriceps (Jerdon, 1839) iSW India from N Karnataka to Nilgiri hills

bourdilloni (Hume, 1876) iSW India in S Kerala

siccata Whistler, 1941 vN and E Sri Lanka

nigrifrons (Blyth, 1849) iSW Sri Lanka

TIMALIA Horsfield, 1821 F - Timalia pileata Horsfield, 1821; type by monotypy

Timalia pileata Chestnut-capped Babbler

bengalensis Godwin-Austen, 1872 vHimalayan foothills east from E Uttarakhand, NE India, E Bangladesh, W Myanmar

smithi Deignan, 1955 iS China, N and EC continental SE Asia

intermedia Kinnear, 1924 vC, S and SE (N Tenasserim) Myanmar, W Thailand

patriciae Deignan, 1955 iSW continental SE Asia

dictator Kinnear, 1930 iSE continental SE Asia

pileata Horsfield, 1821 vJava

MIXORNIS Blyth, 1842 M - Timalia chloris Blyth, 1842; type by original designation = Motacilla rubicapilla Tickell, 1833⁵²

Mixornis gularis⁵³ Striped Tit Babbler

1 rubicapilla (Tickell, 1833)^54,55 iHimalayan foothills east from E Uttarakhand, NE India, Bangladesh

1 ticehursti Stresemann, 1940⁵⁶ iW and SW Myanmar

1 sulphureus (Rippon, 1900) vSW Yunnan, NE, E and SE (N Tenasserim) Myanmar, W and NW Thailand

1 lutescens Delacour, 1926 iSE Yunnan, N and E Thailand, Laos, N Vietnam

1 kinneari Delacour & Jabouille, 1924 iC Vietnam

1 versuricola Oberholser, 1922 iE Cambodia, S Vietnam

1 saraburiensis (Deignan, 1956) vEC Thailand, W Cambodia

1 connectens Kloss, 1918^57,58 iS continental SE Asia east to coastal Cambodia, N Thai-Malay Pen.

1 inveteratus Oberholser, 1922 vSatellites of SE Thailand and Cambodia

1 condorensis Robinson, 1921⁵⁹ αvCon Son I. (S Vietnam)

1 archipelagicus Oberholser, 1922 vMergui Arch. (SE Myanmar)

1 gularis (Horsfield, 1822) vS Thai-Malay Pen., Sumatra and satellites

2 zopherus Oberholser, 1917⁶⁰ vAnamba Is. (Indonesia)

2 zaperissus Oberholser, 1932 vN Natuna Is. except Bunguran (Indonesia)

2 everetti E. Hartert, 1894 iBunguran in N Natuna Is. (Indonesia)

2 javanicus Cabanis, 1851 vJava

2 bornensis Bonaparte, 1850⁶¹ vBorneo except N

2 montanus Sharpe, 1887 vN Borneo

2 cagayanensis Guillemard, 1885 vMapun (Philippines)

2 argenteus Chasen & Kloss, 1930 vMalawali I. (N Borneo)

3 woodi Sharpe, 1877 iPalawan (Philippines)

Mixornis flavicollis Grey-cheeked Tit Babbler

flavicollis Bonaparte, 1850 vJava

prillwitzi E. Hartert, 1901 iKangean I. (Java Sea)

Mixornis kelleyi Delacour, 1932 Grey-faced Tit Babbler

S Laos, C and SC Vietnam

MACRONUS Jardine & Selby, 1835 M - Macronus ptilosus Jardine & Selby, 1835; type by monotypy ⁶²

Macronus striaticeps Brown Tit Babbler

mindanensis Steere, 1890⁶³ vSamar, Leyte, Bohol, Mindanao (Philippines)

alcasidi duPont & Rabor, 1973 iDinagat and Siargao (Philippines) [duPont, 1973 #1447]

striaticeps Sharpe, 1877 iBasilan, Malamaui (Philippines)

kettlewelli Guillemard, 1885 iSulu Arch.

Macronus ptilosus Fluffy-backed Tit Babbler

ptilosus Jardine & Selby, 1835 vThai-Malay Pen., Sumatra including Batu Is.

trichorrhos (Temminck, 1836)⁶⁴ iBangka and Belitung Is., Borneo

CYANODERMA Salvadori, 1874 N - Timalia erythroptera Blyth, 1842; type by original designation⁶⁵

Cyanoderma chrysaeum Golden Babbler

chrysaeum (Blyth, 1844) vW Yunnan, Himalayan foothills east from W Nepal, NE India, N Myanmar

binghami (Rippon, 1904) iNE India in Mizoram, W Myanmar

auratum (Meyer de Schauensee, 1938) vN and EC continental SE Asia east from E Myanmar

assimile (Walden, 1875) δvSE Myanmar in Tenasserim (except S), W Thailand

chrysops (Richmond, 1902) iMountains of S Tenasserim (SE Myanmar) and Thai-Malay Pen.

frigidum (Hartlaub, 1865) vMountains of Sumatra

Cyanoderma erythropterum Chestnut-winged Babbler

erythropterum (Blyth, 1842) vSE Myanmar in S Tenasserim, Thai-Malay Pen.; N Natuna Is. (Indonesia)

pyrrhophaeum (Hartlaub, 1844) vSumatra and satellites (Batu Is., Bangka, Belitung)

fulviventre Richmond, 1903 vBanyak Is. (NW Sumatra)

bicolor (Blyth, 1865) iW and N Borneo

rufum Chasen & Kloss, 1927 vS and E Borneo

Cyanoderma melanothorax Crescent-chested Babbler

melanothorax (Temminck, 1823)⁶⁶ iW and C Java

intermedium (Robinson, 1918) vE Java

baliense E. Hartert, 1915 vBali

Cyanoderma pyrrhops (Blyth, 1844) Black-chinned Babbler

Himalayan foothills from NE Pakistan to E Nepal

Cyanoderma ruficeps Rufous-capped Babbler

ruficeps (Blyth, 1847)⁶⁷ iSE Xizang, Himalayas east from E Nepal, W and NW Myanmar

bhamoense (Harington, 1908) vW Yunnan, NE and E Myanmar

davidi (Oustalet, 1899) iC, E and S China, NE continental SE Asia

goodsoni (Rothschild, 1903) iHainan

praecognitum (Swinhoe, 1866) vTaiwan

paganum (Riley, 1940) vLangbian mountains (SC Vietnam)

Cyanoderma ambiguum⁶⁸ Buff-chested Babbler

ambiguum (Harington, 1915) vHimalayan foothills east from Sikkim, E and NE India, E Bangladesh, NW Myanmar

planicola (Mayr, 1941) iNW Yunnan, NE Myanmar

adjunctum (Deignan, 1939) vN and EC continental SE Asia east from N Thailand

insuspectum (Deignan, 1939) vBolovens plateau (S Laos)

Cyanoderma rufifrons⁶⁹ Rufous-fronted Babbler

pallescens (Ticehurst, 1932) iW, SW and C Myanmar

rufifrons (Hume, 1873)⁷⁰ iE Myanmar, W and NW Thailand

obscurum (E.C.S. Baker, 1917) vSW continental SE Asia, N Thai-Malay Pen.

poliogaster (Hume, 1880) iS Thai-Malay Pen., Sumatra

sarawacense Chasen, 1939 vBorneo

1 Subfamilies and component genera broadly follow Moyle et al. (2012) [Moyle, 2012 #14713]; however, almost half the species remain to be sampled, and quite often the type species for genera remain unscreened meaning that much here is provisional. In the circumstances it has seemed best to avoid placing small genera in synonymy when there is a sufficient reason to retain them.

2 Considered to form a superspecies with S. badeigularis by Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].

3 For rediscovery and support for species ranking; see King & Donahue (2006) [King, 2006 #10449].

4 For date correction see Dickinson et al. (2011) [Dickinson, 2011 #13287].

5 For treatment as a separate species from S. chocolatinus, see Collar & Robson (2007) [Collar, 2007 #12226].

6 For treatment as a separate species from S. chocolatinus, see Collar & Robson (2007) [Collar, 2007 #12226].

7 For treatment as a separate species from S. chocolatinus, see Collar & Robson (2007) [Collar, 2007 #12226].

8 For recognition of this genus see Collar & Robson (2007) [Collar, 2007 #12226]. A proposal to create a monotypic family for this taxon has appeared after our literature cut-off date; see Alström et al. (2014) [Alström, 2014 #15598].

9 New name for Spiloptera Jerdon, 1862, preoccupied by Spiloptera Zetterstedt, 1860 [Diptera]. Jerdon's type species, by monotypy, was based on a Blyth name Troglodytes punctatus that was also preoccupied.

10 Includes Xiphirhynchus, see Dong Feng et al. (2010) [Dong Feng, 2010 #12511], Reddy & Moyle (2011) [Reddy, 2011 #13235], Moyle et al. (2012) [Moyle, 2012 #14713].

11 Species limits and sequence based on Reddy & Moyle (2011) [Reddy, 2011 #13235]; who applied a PSC approach.

12 Includes namdapha Ripley et al. (1980) [Ripley, 1980 #3330]; see Collar & Robson (2007) [Collar, 2007 #12226].

13 Placed in superciliaris by Rasmussen & Anderton (2005) [Rasmussen, 2005 #4749].

14 For treatment as two species see Collar & Robson (2007) [Collar, 2007 #12226].

15 Considered to form a superspecies with P. schisticeps and P. montanus by Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].

16 For recognition of two subspecies in Sri Lanka see Phillips (1978) [Phillips, 1978 #3070] and Ripley (1982) [Ripley, 1982 #3332].

17 Includes subspecies transferred from P. schisticeps based on molecular studies by Reddy & Moyle (2011) [Reddy, 2011 #13235] and Song Rui et al. (2011) [Song Rui, 2011 #13471].

18 Placed in the synonymy of P. schisticeps olivaceus by Collar & Robson (2007) [Collar, 2007 #12226], but recognised by Wells (2007) [Wells, 2007 #10194] and placed in two different groups by Reddy & Moyle (2011) [Moyle, 2011 #13235]. Placement provisional as resolution seems to require further sampling and perhaps the screening of type specimens.

19 Collar & Robson (2007) [Collar, 2007 #12226] reported lowland and montane populations in Sumatra that may be distinct.

20 Subspecies groups based on Reddy & Moyle (2011) [Reddy, 2011 #13235] and Song et al. (2011) [Song, 2011 #13471]. Treatment tentative; greater clarity is needed regarding evaluation of voucher specimens compared to type specimens.

21 Includes subspecies transferred from P. schisticeps based on molecular studies by Reddy & Moyle (2011) [Reddy, 2011 #13235] and Song et al. (2011) [Song Rui, 2011 #13471].

22 Includes bhamoensis; see Collar & Robson (2007) [Collar, 2007 #12226].

23 Treated as a synonym of reconditus by Deignan (1964) [Deignan, 1964 #1250] and implicitly by Collar & Robson (2007) [Collar, 2007 #12226]; however, Reddy & Moyle (2011) [Reddy, 2011 #13235] listed these two names in distinct groups; thus provisionally accepted here.

24 Includes laurentei, see Meyer de Schauensee (1984) [Meyer de Schauensee, 1984 #4726] and Cheng (1987) [Cheng Tso-hsin, 1987 #739]. But see Collar & Robson (2007) [Collar, 2007 #12226] and the tree in Song Rui et al. (2011) [Song Rui, 2011 #13471] which suggests further study is needed.

25 For recognition see Collar & Robson (2007) [Collar, 2007 #12226].

26 A new name for intermedius Cheng, 1962, which was preoccupied.

27 For recognition of a second clade of scimitar-babbler, see Dong Feng et al. (2010) [Dong Feng, 2010 #12511], Reddy & Moyle (2011) [Reddy, 2011 #13235].

28 Baker (1930) [Baker, 1930 #163] coined this name by accident, citing Hodgson, 1836 but Hodgson had in fact used Erythrogonys, which was preoccupied. Baker's name is not preoccupied by Erythrogenys von Brandt as that was a nomen emendatum and has no standing.

29 Megapomatorhinus Moyle et al., 2012 [Moyle, 2012 #14713] is a synonym. Art. 13 of the Code (I.C.Z.N., 1999) [I.C.Z.N., 1999 #2059] applies only to names after 1930 making Baker's name available.

30 Omitted by Deignan (1964) [Deignan, 1964 #1250].

31 Considered to form a superspecies with E. erythrocnemis by Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].

32 Ranges of erythrogenys and erythrocnemis interdigitate, with no evidence of hybridisation; see Rasmussen & Anderton (2005) [Rasmussen, 2005 #4748].

33 For date correction see McAllan & Bruce (2002) [McAllan, 2002 #2584].

34 For recognition see Rasmussen & Anderton (2005) [Rasmussen, 2005 #4748]. But see Collar & Robson (2007) [Collar, 2007 #12226].

35 Subspecies groups derived from treatment as four species by Collar & Robson (2007) [Collar, 2007 #12226].

36 Dickinson (2003) [Dickinson, 2003 #9533] used Deignan's emendation dedekeni which Deignan had researched; however, the internal information is not consistent with his findings and an emendation is not justified.

37 Tentatively includes sowerbyi; see Cheng Tso-hsin (1987) [Cheng Tso-hsin, 1987 #739].

38 Includes abbreviatus; see Collar & Robson (2007) [Collar, 2007 #12226], seen as only differing clinally.

39 Species inclusion and sequence based on Moyle et al. (2012) [Moyle, 2012 #14713].

40 Pl. 448 appeared in Livr. 75 in 1828 see Dickinson (2001) [Dickinson, 2001 #1369]; Deignan (1964) [Deignan, 1964 #1250] mistakenly cited Livr. 74 with date 1827.

41 Implicitly includes Timalia pectoralis Blyth, 1842 [Blyth, 1842 #349], a name ommited from synonymy by Deignan (1964) [Deignan, 1964 #1250].

42 Includes coei; see Ripley (1982) [Ripley, 1982 #3332]; but see Collar & Robson (2007) [Collar, 2007 #12226].

43 No date given by Deignan (1964) [Deignan, 1964 #1250].

44 Includes spadix; see Ripley (1982) [Ripley, 1982 #3332]; but see Collar & Robson (2007) [Collar, 2007 #12226].

45 Treated as two separate species by Rasmussen & Anderton (2005) [Rasmussen, 2005 #4749] and by Collar & Robson (2007) [Collar, 2007 #12226].

46 Considered to form a superspecies with S. oglei by Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].

47 Date 1924 in Dickinson (2013) [Dickinson, 2003 #9533] was miscopied.

48 Correct original spelling (invariable noun phrase). The spelling striolata, used by Deignan (1964) [Deignan, 1964 #1250] and Dickinson (2003) [Dickinson, 2003 #9533] is an unjustified emendation.

49 For date correction see Richmond (1926) [Richmond, 1926 #3268].

50 For date correction see Dickinson (2004) [Dickinson, 2004 #1389].

51 Includes abuensis; see Rasmussen & Anderton (2005) [Rasmussen, 2005 #4749]. Tentatively also includes navarroi Abdulali, 1959 [Abdulali, 1959 #13], see Ripley (1982) [Ripley, 1982 #3332]. But see Abdulali (1983) [Abdulali, 1983 #24].

52 Genus reinstated to accommodate paraphyly demonstrated in a broad genus Macronus, see Moyle et al. (2012) [Moyle, 2012 #14713].

53 Subspecies groups derived from Collar & Robson (2007) [Collar, 2007 #12226]; they recognized two species but also noted the singularity of woodi, which is no doubt biogeographically significant.

54 Birds from S Karnataka require review.

55 For correction of spelling see David & Gosselin (2002) [David, 2002 #1124].

56 Authorship reviewed; joint authorship not accepted.

57 Dual original spellings, see David et al. (2009) [David, 2009 #11541].

58 Includes chersonesophila; see Wells (2007) [Wells, 2007 #10194]. But see Collar & Robson (2007) [Collar, 2007 #12226].

59 Issue wrapper dated March 1921.

60 Morphologically intergradient between gularis and Bornean forms; see Smythies & Davison (1999) [Smythies, 1999 #3667].

61 Includes pontia, see Mann (2008) [Mann, 2008 #11603]; but see also Smythies (1999) [Smythies, 1999 #3667]. Also includes ruficoma; see Mees (1986) [Mees, 1986 #2631].

62 Dual original spellings; for First Reviser selection see David et al. (2009) [David, 2009 #11541].

63 Includes boholensis and cumingi; see Dickinson et al. (1991) [Dickinson, 1991 #1361].

64 Includes reclusus and sordidus; see Mees (2010) [Mees, 2010 #12721].

65 Resurrected to accommodate non-monophyly demonstrated in genus Stachyris, see Moyle et al. (2012) [Moyle, 2012 #14713]; species inclusion and sequence based thereon.

66 Including albigula and mendeni; see Mees (1986, 1996) [Mees, 1986 #2631], [Mees, 1996 #2638].

67 Includes rufipectus; see Ripley (1982: 334) [Ripley, 1982 #3332]. For recognition of this see Collar & Robson (2007) [Collar, 2007 #12226].

68 May be conspecific with C. rufifrons see Robson (2000) [Robson, 2000 #3368] and so treated by Collar & Robson (2007) [Collar, 2007 #12226].

69 Considered to form a superspecies with C. ambiguum by Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].

70 Considered to include rodolphei; see Collar & Robson (2007) [Collar, 2007 #12226].