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MOTACILLIDAE - Pipits and Wagtails¹ (7:67)

DENDRONANTHUS Blyth, 1844 M - Motacilla indica J.F. Gmelin, 1789; type by original designation and monotypy

Dendronanthus indicus (J.F. Gmelin, 1789) Forest Wagtail

vC and E China to S Japan, Korea and Amurland >> S and SE Asia to Sri Lanka, Greater Sundas and Philippines

ANTHUS Bechstein, 1805 M - Alauda pratensis Linnaeus, 1758; type by subsequent designation (Selby, 1825, Illustrations of British Ornithology, 1, p. xxix). ²

Anthus sokokensis van Someren, 1921 Sokoke Pipit

vCoastal Kenya and NE Tanzania

Anthus brachyurus Short-tailed Pipit

leggei Ogilvie-Grant, 1906³ iSW Uganda to Rwanda, S Gabon and S DR Congo to NW Zambia, S Tanzania

brachyurus Sundevall, 1850⁴ αvE South Africa

Anthus caffer Bushveld Pipit

australoabyssinicus Benson, 1942 vS Ethiopia

blayneyi van Someren, 1919 iS Kenya, N Tanzania

mzimbaensis Benson, 1955 vE Botswana, Zimbabwe, E Zambia, Malawi

traylori Clancey, 1964⁵ iS Mozambique, lowland NE South Africa (E Limpopo to NE KwaZulu-Natal) [Clancey, 1964 #817]

caffer Sundevall, 1850⁶ αvW Zambia, SE Botswana, plateau of NE South Africa; ? W Angola

Anthus gustavi Pechora Pipit

gustavi Swinhoe, 1863 iExtreme N Russia and N Siberia east to Chukotka, south to N Kamchatka >> Borneo, Philippines, Wallacea

stejnegeri Ridgway, 1883⁷ iCommander Is. >> ? E Asia [Ridgway, 1883 #3276]

menzbieri Shulpin, 1928⁸ iRussian Far East and far-NE China >> Philippines

Anthus trivialis Tree Pipit

trivialis (Linnaeus, 1758)⁹ vEurope, Turkey and the Caucasus to W and Siberia and N Mongolia >> sub-Saharan and NE Africa, SW Asia

haringtoni Witherby, 1917 iUplands of Afghanistan and C Asia to Tien Shan, Himalayas east to Lahul >> India except NW, NE and S

Anthus hodgsoni Olive-backed Pipit

yunnanensis Uchida & N. Kuroda, Sr., 1916 vNW Siberia east to Koryakland, south to Kamchatka, Sakhalin, Russian Far East, Kuril Is., Hokkaido, N Mongolia and NE China >> S China to Taiwan, S Asia (except NW and SE), mainland SE Asia

hodgsoni Richmond, 1907¹⁰ iC Japan, N Korea, NC and C China, Himalayas east from Himachal Pradesh >> Ryukyu Is., S China, S Asia (except NW and SE), N continental SE Asia, Philippines

Anthus cervinus ¹¹ (Pallas, 1811) Red-throated Pipit

vN Fenno-Scandia, N Russia, N Siberia to N Kuril and Commander Is. and NW Alaska >> N and tropical Africa, Arabian and Andaman Sea islands, S Japan, SW and S China to Taiwan, mainland SE Asia, N Borneo

Anthus roseatus ¹² Blyth, 1847 Rosy Pipit

vMountains of E Afghanistan, S and E Xizang, SW to NC and C China east to Nei Mongol and Hubei, Himalayas east from N Pakistan, N and NE Myanmar >> far-north S Asia, far-N continental SE Asia

Anthus rubescens¹³ American Pipit/Buff-bellied Pipit

rubescens (Tunstall, 1771) iN and E Canada, W Greenland, NE USA >> Central America

pacificus Todd, 1935^14,15 vAlaska, W Canada, NW USA (to N Oregon) >> W Mexico

alticola Todd, 1935 iSW Canada (S British Columbia), W USA (to California) >> Mexico

japonicus Temminck & Schlegel, 1847¹⁶ vSiberia from Taymyr Pen. to Chukotka, south to Baikal, Kamchatka, NE Russian Far East, Sakhalin and Kuril Is. >> Japan (except N), S Korea, S and SE China, far-N continental SE Asia

Anthus pratensis ¹⁷ (Linnaeus , 1758) Meadow Pipit

vEurope, NW Siberia >> W and S Europe, N Africa, SW Asia

Anthus spinoletta¹⁸ Water Pipit

spinoletta (Linnaeus, 1758) iMountains of C and SW Europe >> NW, W and S Europe, N Africa

coutellii Audouin, 1826¹⁹ αiAsia Minor and Caucasus area to N Iran >> NE Africa and SW Asia

blakistoni Swinhoe, 1863²⁰ iEC Siberia east to S Baikal; NE Afghanistan and C Asia to Tien Shan and Altai, NW China in Xinjiang and NC China in Qinghai >> SW, C and E China, Pakistan, NW India

Anthus petrosus Rock Pipit

petrosus (Montagu, 1798)²¹ vW France, British Isles (except Shetland Is. and St. Kilda I.) >> W Europe

littoralis C.L. Brehm, 1823 vScandinavia, NW Russia, Estonia, Denmark >> W Europe

Anthus furcatus Short-billed Pipit

brevirostris Taczanowski, 1875²² αvC Peru, W Bolivia, NW Argentina (Jujuy)

furcatus d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837 vArgentina (Tucumán to Chubut), SE Brazil, Uruguay

Anthus lutescens Yellowish Pipit

parvus Lawrence, 1865²³ vW Panama (Pacific slope)

peruvianus F. Nicholson, 1878 vW Peru (from La Libertad) to N Chile (Arica)

lutescens Pucheran, 1855 iNE Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, E Bolivia, Brazil, C Argentina, Uruguay

Anthus chacoensis J.T. Zimmer, 1952 Pampas Pipit

vParaguay (from Concepción) to EC Argentina (SC Buenos Aires)

Anthus spragueii (Audubon, 1844) Sprague's Pipit

iS Canada (C Alberta to SW Manitoba), N USA (Montana to NW Minnesota) >> S USA, C Mexico

Anthus hellmayri²⁴ Hellmayr's Pipit

1 hellmayri E. Hartert, 1909 iSE Peru (Puno) to NW Argentina (to Córdoba)

1 dabbenei Hellmayr, 1921²⁵ iSW Argentina (Neuquén to W Chubut)

2 brasilianus Hellmayr, 1921²⁶ vSE Brazil (from Espírito Santo), SE Paraguay, NE Argentina (Corrientes, E Buenos Aires), Uruguay

Anthus bogotensis Paramo Pipit

meridae J.T. Zimmer, 1953 iW Venezuela (Andes from Trujillo to N Táchira)

bogotensis P.L. Sclater, 1855 vSW Venezuela (S Táchira), Colombia to N Peru (Cajamarca)

immaculatus Cory, 1916 vNC Peru to Bolivia (La Paz, Cochabamba)

shiptoni (C. Chubb, 1923) iNW Argentina (Tucumán)

Anthus nattereri P.L. Sclater, 1878 Ochre-breasted Pipit

iS Paraguay, NE Argentina (Corrientes), SE Brazil (Minas Gerais to Rio Grande do Sul)

Anthus correndera²⁷ Correndera Pipit

calcaratus Taczanowski, 1875²⁸ αvAndes of C Peru (Junín, Cuzco, Puno)

catamarcae Hellmayr, 1921²⁹ iAndes of SW Bolivia, N Chile (E Antofagasta) and NW Argentina (Catamarca)

correndera Vieillot, 1818 iS Paraguay, N Argentina, SE Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul), Uruguay

chilensis (Lesson, 1839) vChile (from Atacama), S Argentina to Tierra del Fuego

grayi Bonaparte, 1850 iFalkland Is.

Anthus antarcticus Cabanis, 1884 South Georgia Pipit

vSouth Georgia I. (S Atlantic Ocean)

Anthus sylvanus ³⁰ (Hodgson, 1845) Upland Pipit

vNE Afghanistan, N Pakistan, Himalayas east to E Nepal, SW and S China east to Zhejiang, ? NE Myanmar [Hodgson, 1845 #1980]

Anthus nilghiriensis Sharpe, 1885 Nilgiri Pipit

vSW India in Western Ghats

Anthus hoeschi ³¹ Stresemann, 1938 Mountain Pipit

iLesotho, adjacent Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal >> E Angola, S DR Congo, NW Zambia

Anthus crenatus Finsch & Hartlaub, 1870 Yellow-tufted Pipit

vS, C and E South Africa, Lesotho

Anthus lineiventris ^32,33 Sundevall, 1850 Striped Pipitα

vS Kenya to NE and E South Africa; W Angola

Anthus richardi ^34,35 Vieillot, 1818 Richard's Pipit

W Siberia (east to Lena basin) and Russian Far East, Korea, Mongolia, N and C China >> S Europe, SW and S Asia, S China, continental SE Asia

Anthus rufulus^36,37 Paddyfield Pipit

rufulus Vieillot, 1818³⁸ vFar-S China, SE Afghanistan, S Asia to Sri Lanka, continental SE Asia except S

malayensis Eyton, 1839³⁹ vS continental SE Asia, Thai-Malay Pen., Greater Sundas

lugubris (Walden, 1875) vPhilippines [Walden, 1875 #4071]

albidus Stresemann, 1912 vLombok to Flores and Sumba (Lesser Sundas), S Sulawesi

medius Wallace, 1864^40,41 αvSavu to Sermata (Lesser Sundas)

Anthus australis⁴² Australian Pipit

exiguus Greenway, 1935⁴³ vMid-montane EC and SE New Guinea (short grasslands of E central cordillera)

rogersi Mathews, 1913 iCoastal NW Australia to Cape York Pen.

bilbali Mathews, 1912 iSW Western Australia, SC South Australia

australis Vieillot, 1818⁴⁴ vWC, C, E and SE Australia

bistriatus (Swainson, 1838)⁴⁵ αvTasmania, Flinders I., King I.

Anthus novaeseelandiae New Zealand Pipit

novaeseelandiae (J.F. Gmelin, 1789)⁴⁶ iNorth Island, South island (New Zealand)

chathamensis Lorenz von Liburnau, 1902 vChatham Is.

aucklandicus G.R. Gray, 1862 vAuckland Is.

steindachneri Reischek, 1889 iAntipodes Is.

Anthus nyassae⁴⁷ Woodland Pipit

schoutedeni Chapin, 1937⁴⁸ iS DR Congo to S PR Congo, Angola, and W Zambia

nyassae Neumann, 1906⁴⁹ iE Zambia, SW Tanzania, Malawi, NW Mozambique

chersophilus Clancey, 1989⁵⁰ vNE Namibia, N Botswana, S Angola, SW Zambia [Clancey, 1989 #942]

frondicolus Clancey, 1964⁵¹ iZimbabwe to NE Botswana and W Mozambique [Clancey, 1964 #816]

Anthus godlewskii (Taczanowski, 1876) Blyth's Pipit

iEC Siberia to Baikal, Mongolia, NC China in Nei Mongol >> SW Asia in Persian Gulf, S Asia (except far-NW), NW continental SE Asia

Anthus leucophrys⁵² Plain-backed Pipit

ansorgei C.M.N. White, 1948 iSenegal, Gambia, S Mauritania, Guinea-Bissau

gouldii Fraser, 1843 iSierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast

zenkeri Neumann, 1906 iS Mali, Ghana and Nigeria to S Sudan, N DR Congo, Uganda and W Kenya

saphiroi Neumann, 1906 iSE Ethiopia, NW Somalia

goodsoni R. Meinertzhagen, 1920 iC and SW Kenya, N Tanzania

omoensis Neumann, 1906 vN, C and W Ethiopia, E South Sudan

bohndorffi Neumann, 1906 iN and C Angola to Tanzania and N Malawi

leucophrys Vieillot, 1818 iSouth Africa, SE Botswana

tephridorsus Clancey, 1967⁵³ iS Angola, N Namibia, SW Zambia, N Botswana, NW Zimbabwe [Clancey, 1967 #833]

Anthus berthelotii ^54,55 Bolle, 1862 Berthelot's Pipit

Canary Is., Madeira

Anthus campestris ⁵⁶ (Linnaeus, 1758) Tawny Pipit

vNW Africa, continental Europe and Siberia east to Baikal, Turkey to Iran and N Afghanistan, C Asia to Tien Shan, Mongolia, NW China in Xinjiang >> N tropical Africa, SW Asia, Pakistan, NW India

Anthus cinnamomeus⁵⁷ African Pipit/Grassveld Pipit

eximius Clancey, 1986⁵⁸ vYemen [Clancey, 1986 #931]

annae R. Meinertzhagen, 1921 iEritrea and Djibouti to NE Tanzania

lynesi Bannerman & G.L. Bates, 1926 iSE Nigeria and E Cameroon to SW Sudan

camaroonensis Shelley, 1900 vW Cameroon (Mont Cameroun and Mt. Manenguba)

stabilis Clancey, 1986 vS Sudan, E South Sudan [Clancey, 1986 #931]

cinnamomeus Rüppell, 1840 vW and SE Ethiopian Highlands

itombwensis Prigogine, 1981^59,60 vE DR Congo highlands

latistriatus F.J. Jackson, 1899⁶¹ vSW Uganda, W Kenya, E DR Congo, NW Tanzania (breeding range unknown)

lacuum R. Meinertzhagen, 1920^62,63 αiSE Uganda, W and S Kenya, N and C Tanzania

spurius Clancey, 1951 SE Tanzania, S Malawi, Mozambique lowlands

bocagii F. Nicholson, 1884⁶⁴ δiW and S Angola, Namibia, Botswana and adjacent N and NW South Africa and W Zimbabwe

grotei Niethammer, 1957 iSaline pans of N Namibia, N Botswana

lichenya Vincent, 1933 iN Angola to W Tanzania, south to Zambia, Malawi, NW Mozambique, Zimbabwe

rufuloides Roberts, 1936 iSouth Africa (except N and NW)

Anthus vaalensis Buffy Pipit

chobiensis (Roberts, 1932)^65,66 vSE Angola, S DR Congo, SW Tanzania and Malawi to N Botswana and Zimbabwe

neumanni R. Meinertzhagen, 1920 iAngolan plateau

namibicus Clancey, 1990⁶⁷ vNC Namibia [Clancey, 1990 #948]

exasperatus Winterbottom, 1963 vN Namibia to C and NE Botswana [Winterbottom, 1963 #4250]

vaalensis Shelley, 1900⁶⁸ vS Botswana, E, C and S South Africa

Anthus longicaudatus ⁶⁹ Liversidge, 1996 Long-tailed Pipit

vC South Africa [Liversidge, 1996 #2399]

Anthus pseudosimilis ⁷⁰ Liversidge & Voelker, 2002 Kimberley Pipit

vNW and C South Africa [Liversidge, 2002 #2400]

Anthus similis⁷¹ Long-billed Pipit

primarius Clancey, 1990⁷² vS South Africa (Western and Eastern Cape) [Clancey, 1990 #946]

nicholsoni Sharpe, 1884 iSE Botswana to N South Africa (Northern Cape and North West Province)

petricolus Clancey, 1956⁷³ iNE and E South Africa, Lesotho

leucocraspedon Reichenow, 1915 iW and C Namibia

palliditinctus Clancey, 1956⁷⁴ vNamibia, SW Angola

moco Traylor, 1962⁷⁵ iC Angola (Mt. Moco)

dewittei Chapin, 1937⁷⁶ iSE and E DR Congo, SW Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi

hararensis Neumann, 1906 vEthiopian Highlands

chyuluensis van Someren, 1939⁷⁷ vN, W and S Kenya, N Tanzania

nivescens Reichenow, 1905 iE Ethiopia to N Somalia

sokotrae E. Hartert, 1917⁷⁸ iSocotra

jebelmarrae Lynes, 1920 iSC and SW Sudan

asbenaicus Rothschild, 1920 vC Niger, E and C Mali

bannermani G.L. Bates, 1930^79,80 iSierra Leone to Nigeria and Cameroon

captus E. Hartert, 1905 vLebanon, Syria, Jordan, Israel

arabicus E. Hartert, 1917⁸¹ vSW Arabia, NE Sudan, NE Eritrea

decaptus R. Meinertzhagen, 1920 vNE Arabia, Iran, SE Afghanistan, Pakistan >> NW India

jerdoni Finsch, 1870 iNE Afghanistan, Himalayas east to W Nepal >> Pakistan, N India, NW Bangladesh

yamethini B.P. Hall, 1957 iC Myanmar

similis (Jerdon, 1840) vW India

travancoriensis Ripley, 1953⁸² vSW India

Anthus melindae Malindi Pipit

mallablensis Colston, 1987⁸³ vSC Somalia [Colston, 1987 #1030]

melindae Shelley, 1900 iS Somalia, coastal Kenya

Anthus pallidiventris Long-legged Pipit

pallidiventris Sharpe, 1885 vS Benin to S Nigeria; S Cameroon to N Angola

esobe Chapin, 1937 iMiddle basin of R. Congo

Anthus gutturalis Alpine Pipit

wollastoni Ogilvie-Grant, 1913 iAlpine WC New Guinea (Maoke Mts.)

rhododendri Mayr, 1931 iAlpine EC and NE New Guinea (Central Highlands, mountains of Huon Pen.)

gutturalis De Vis, 1894 vAlpine SE New Guinea (Wharton Range and Owen Stanley Range)

MACRONYX Swainson, 1827 M - L'Alouette Sentinelle Levaillant; type by original designation = Alauda capensis Linnaeus, 1766

Macronyx flavicollis Rüppell, 1840 Abyssinian Longclaw

vEthiopia

Macronyx fuelleborni Fülleborn's Longclaw

fuelleborni Reichenow, 1900⁸⁴ δiS Tanzania

ascensi Salvadori, 1907 iAngola to SW Tanzania

Macronyx capensis Cape Longclaw

capensis (Linnaeus, 1766) vS South Africa (Western Cape, SW Eastern Cape)

colletti Schou, 1908^85,86 iSE Botswana, C and E Zimbabwe to E and C South Africa (Limpopo and North West Province to Eastern Cape)

Macronyx croceus Yellow-throated Longclaw

hygricus Clancey, 1984⁸⁷ vSenegal to Chad, south to PR Congo [Clancey, 1984 #923]

croceus (Vieillot, 1816) vSouth Sudan, Uganda and Kenya to N DR Congo and C Tanzania

tertius Clancey, 1958⁸⁸ vS Tanzania to E Zimbabwe, Mozambique, NE South Africa

vulturnus Friedmann, 1930⁸⁹ δSE South Africa

Macronyx aurantiigula Reichenow, 1891 Pangani Longclaw

iSE Somalia, S and SE Kenya, NE Tanzania

Macronyx ameliae Rosy-breasted Longclaw

wintoni Sharpe, 1891⁹⁰ SW Kenya, N Tanzania.

altanus Clancey, 1966⁹¹ SW Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia to C Angola, south to N Botswana, C Zimbabwe [Clancey, 1966 #827]

ameliae de Tarragon, 1849 S Mozambique and adjacent E South Africa

Macronyx grimwoodi ⁹² Benson, 1955 Grimwood's Longclaw

iC and NE Angola to S DR Congo and NW Zambia

Macronyx sharpei ⁹³ F.J. Jackson, 1904 Sharpe's Longclaw

iW and C Kenya

HEMIMACRONYX Roberts, 1922 M - Anthus chloris Sundevall; type by original designation and monotypy = Anthus chloris M.H.C. Lichtenstein, 1842

Hemimacronyx chloris ⁹⁴ (M.H.C. Lichtenstein, 1842) Yellow-breasted Pipit

E South Africa, Lesotho

TMETOTHYLACUS Cabanis, 1879 M - Macronix tenellus Cabanis, 1878; type by monotypy

Tmetothylacus tenellus (Cabanis, 1878) Golden Pipit

vSE South Sudan, NE Uganda, Somalia, N and E Kenya, NE and C Tanzania

MOTACILLA Linnaeus, 1758 F - Motacilla alba Linnaeus, 1758; type by Linnaean tautonymy ⁹⁵

Motacilla flaviventris Hartlaub, 1860 Madagascar Wagtail

vMadagascar

Motacilla clara Mountain Wagtail

chapini Amadon, 1954 iGuinea-Bissau and Sierra Leone to W Uganda

clara Sharpe, 1908 vEthiopia

torrentium Ticehurst, 1940 iE Uganda and Kenya to Angola, Zimbabwe and E South Africa

Motacilla capensis Cape Wagtail

simplicissima Neumann, 1929 vAngola, and N Botswana to Zambia and W Zimbabwe

capensis Linnaeus, 1766 vSouth Africa, Namibia, E Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique

wellsi Ogilvie-Grant, 1911 iE DR Congo, SW Uganda to Kenya

Motacilla flava⁹⁶ Yellow Wagtail

flavissima (Blyth, 1834) vBritish Isles and coastal W Europe >> Senegal and Gambia to Ivory Coast

flava Linnaeus, 1758 vW and C Europe to C Russia and N Ukraine >> sub-Saharan Africa

iberiae E. Hartert, 1921 iSW France, Iberia, NW Africa >> W Africa

cinereocapilla Savi, 1831 iSE France, Italy, Sicily, Sardinia, W Croatia >> Mali to Lake Chad

pygmaea (A.E. Brehm, 1854) vEgypt

beema (Sykes, 1832) iExtreme SE Russia, SW and SC Siberia to Upper Yenisey and N Altai, N Kazakhstan >> E Africa, S Asia

leucocephala (Przevalski, 1887) vW and NW Mongolia, NW China in N Xinjiang >> Pakistan, NW India, W Nepal

lutea (S.G. Gmelin, 1774) vLower R. Volga to NW Kazakhstan (W and C Kirghiz steppe) and adjacent parts of SW Siberia >> S Asia

feldegg Michahelles, 1830⁹⁷ iSE Europe and Turkey east to N and E Iran, N Afghanistan, C Asia north to S Kazakhstan, far-NW China in NW Xinjiang >> Sudan to Nigeria and DR Congo, SW and S Asia

thunbergi Billberg, 1828⁹⁸ iN Europe and N Siberia (east to Kolyma basin) >> tropical Africa, S Asia, (W?) mainland SE Asia

Motacilla aguimp African Wagtail

vidua Sundevall, 1850 iSE Senegal to Ethiopia and S Somalia, south to Angola, N and E Botswana, NE and SE South Africa

aguimp Temminck, 1820⁹⁹ αiW and C South Africa (R. Orange and lower R. Vaal systems) [Temminck, 1820 #3818]

Motacilla cinerea Grey Wagtail

cinerea Tunstall, 1771^100,101 vEurope, Canary Is. and NW Africa through Central Asia to Kamchatka, NE China, Amur, Korea, Japan, Taiwan and Himalayas >> N and E Africa, S China, SW, S and SE Asia

schmitzi von Tschusi, 1900 iMadeira

patriciae Vaurie, 1957 iAzores

Motacilla citreola¹⁰² Citrine Wagtail

1 citreola Pallas, 1776¹⁰³ vFinland and N Russia to C Siberia, Mongolia and NW Heilongjiang >> S Asia

1 werae (Buturlin, 1907)¹⁰⁴ N Ukraine, Poland and Baltic States east through S Russia and N Kazakhstan to Altai Mts. and NW Xinjiang >> SW and S Asia

2 calcarata Hodgson, 1836¹⁰⁵ vE Iran and mountains of C Asia to Tien Shan Mts., Himalayas and C China >> SW and S Asia, N continental SE Asia

Motacilla tschutschensis¹⁰⁶ Green-headed Wagtail

macronyx (Stresemann, 1920) SE Russian Far East, E Mongolia, NC and NE China >> SE China, mainland SE Asia, Sumatra

taivana (Swinhoe, 1863) vRussian Far East (except SE), Sakhalin to Hokkaido >> SE China to Taiwan, mainland SE Asia (except NW), Greater Sundas, Philippines, Wallacea, N Australia

tschutschensis J.F. Gmelin, 1789¹⁰⁷ vZaysan Basin, S Altai to Baikal area, S Siberia to Kamchatka, N Kuril Is., St Lawrence I. and Commander Is., W and N Alaska >> SE China, S and SE Asia, New Guinea, N Australia

Motacilla maderaspatensis ¹⁰⁸ J.F. Gmelin, 1789 White-browed Wagtailδ

vS Asia (except Sri Lanka) >> Sri Lanka

Motacilla samveasnae ^109,110 Duckworth et al., 2001 Mekong Wagtail

iMekong basin in S Laos, extreme E Thailand and Cambodia [Duckworth, 2001 #1432]

Motacilla grandis Sharpe, 1885 Japanese Wagtail

vJapan, S Korea >> (occasional) E China

Motacilla alba¹¹¹ White Wagtail

1 yarrellii Gould, 1837¹¹² δiBritish Isles >> south to NW Africa

1 alba Linnaeus, 1758¹¹³ vIceland, continental Europe, Siberia (east to Taymyr Pen.), south to Turkey, Caucasus, N Iran, N Kazakhstan >> N and tropical Africa, Europe, SW and S Asia

1 personata Gould, 1861 vIran, Afghanistan, C Asia east to Tien Shan and Altai, NW China in Xinjiang, far-NW Himalayas >> S Asia except NE and S

1 baicalensis Swinhoe, 1871 vSC Siberia east to Baikal and W Russian Far East, Mongolia, NC China in Nei Mongol >> SE Xizang, S China, NE India, continental SE Asia except SW and S

2 subpersonata Meade-Waldo, 1901 vMorocco

3 ocularis Swinhoe, 1860 vN Siberia from Yenisey valley to far-NE and south to N Kamchatka; W Alaska >> Ryukyu Is., SE Xizang, S China to Taiwan, mainland SE Asia, W and N Philippines,

3 lugens Gloger, 1829 iE Siberia from S Koryakland and Kamchatka (except N) to Russian Far East (east of baicalensis), Kuril Is., Japan >> S Japan, Korea, S and E China

4 leucopsis Gould, 1838 iSW Russian Far East, SW Japan and Ryukyu Is., Korea, NC, NE and E China >> SE Xizang, S China to Taiwan, mainland SE Asia

4 alboides Hodgson, 1836 iSW China, Himalayas east from N Pakistan (east of personata), NW continental SE Asia

GENUS INCERTAE SEDIS

AMAUROCICHLA Sharpe, 1892 F - Amaurocichla bocagei Sharpe, 1892; type by monotypy ¹¹⁴

Amaurocichla bocagii Sharpe, 1892 Bocage's Longbill

iSão Tomé

1 Sequence of genera based on Voelker & Edwards (1998) [Voelker, 1998 #15264]. See also Outlaw & Voelker (2006) [Outlaw, 2006 #12401] and Pavlova et al. (2003) [Pavlova, 2003 #2962].

2 Sequence of species derived from the four major clades in Fig. 1 in Voelker (1999) [Voelker, 1999 #15742] with unscreened species interpolated.

3 Includes eludens Clancey, 1985 [Clancey, 1985 #926], see Pearson (1992) [Pearson, 1992 #2987].

4 Vaurie et al. (1960) [Vaurie, 1960 #3963] dated this 1851, but see Gyldenstolpe (1926) [Gyldenstolpe, 1926 #1841].

5 For recognition see Voelker in Hockey et al. (2005) [Hockey, 2005 #12724].

6 Vaurie et al. (1960) [Vaurie, 1960 #3963] dated this 1851, but see Gyldenstolpe (1926) [Gyldenstolpe, 1926 #1841].

7 This name, which has priority over commandorensis, appeared in Hartert (1903) [Hartert, 1903 #1904], but not in Sharpe (1885) [Sharpe, 1885 #3586], Vaurie (1959) [Vaurie, 1959 #3961] nor Vaurie et al. (1960) [Vaurie, 1960 #3963]. This population not considered distinct by Alström & Mild (2003) [Alström, 2003 #13282].

8 For a suggestion that this may be a separate species see Leonovich et al. (1997) [Leonovich, 1997 #2372] and Drovetski & Fadeev (2010) [Drovetski, 2010 #12514].

9 Includes differens Clancey, 1987 [Clancey, 1987 #936], see Roselaar (1995) [Roselaar, 1995 #3385]. Also includes sibiricus see Alström & Mild (2003) [Alström, 2003 #13282].

10 Includes berezowskii; see Hall (1961) [Hall, 1961 #1884] and Cramp et al. (1988) [Cramp, 1988 #1087].

11 Includes rufigularis see Alström & Mild (2003) [Alström, 2003 #13282]. But see Stepanyan (2003) [Stepanyan, 2003 #4769].

12 Although Deignan (1960) [Deignan, 1960 #9497] correctly noted that the name pelopus had priority Opinion 803 (I.C.Z.N., 1967) [I.C.Z.N., 1967 #6623] suppressed that name.

13 For treatment as a separate species from A. spinoletta; see A.O.U. (1998) [A.O.U., 1998 #9] and references therein.

14 Includes geophilus Oberholser, 1946 [Oberholser, 1946 #14564]; see Hendricks & Verbeek (2012) [Hendricks, 2012 #14565] and Tyler (2004) [Tyler, 2004 #12203].

15 Treated as synonym of rubescens by Alström & Mild (2003) [Alström, 2003 #13282].

16 May constitute a separate species; see Zink et al. (1995) [Zink, 1995 #8550] and Hendricks & Verbeek (2012) [Hendricks, 2012 #14565].

17 Treated as monotypic following Alström & Mild (2003) [Alström, 2003 #13282]; thus includes theresae.

18 Forms a superspecies with A. rubescens and A. petrosus, see Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636], although A. spinoletta and A. rubescens are partially sympatric, see A.O.U. (1998) [A.O.U., 1998 #9].

19 For recommended date see Zimmer (1926) [Zimmer, 1926 #4296] and Sherborn (1925) [Sherborn, 1925 #15559].

20 For recognition see Hall (1961) [Hall, 1961 #1884].

21 Includes kleinschmidti; see Alström & Mild (2003) [Alström, 2003 #13282]. But see Knox (1988) [Knox, 1988 #2241] and Sangster et al. (2002) [Sangster, 2002 #3474].

22 For correct date see Duncan (1937) [Duncan, 1937 #1442].

23 May merit treatment as a separate species; see Phillips (1991) [Phillips, 1991 #3072].

24 Subspecies groups based on Voelker (1999) [Voelker, 1999 #4033]. See also Tyler (2004) [Tyler, 2004 #12203].

25 Perhaps not diagnosable from nominate, see Tyler (2004) [Tyler, 2004 #12203].

26 May merit treatment as a separate species, see Tyler (2004) [Tyler, 2004 #12203].

27 Forms a superspecies with A. antarcticus; see Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636] and Voelker (1999) [Voelker, 1999 #4033].

28 For correct date see Duncan (1937) [Duncan, 1937 #1442].

29 May merit treatment as separate species, see Tyler (2004) [Tyler, 2004 #12203].

30 Hall (1961) [Hall, 1961 #1884] noted that Hodgson's name appeared before the same name appeared from Blyth. Baker (1930) [Baker, 1930 #163] also had evidence that this paper by Blyth appeared late.

31 For reasons to extract this from synonymy in a broad A. novaeseelandiae and treat it at specific rank, see Clancey (1984) [Clancey, 1984 #922] and Pearson (1992) [Pearson, 1992 #2987]. Includes lwenarum and editus, see Clancey (1990) [Clancey, 1990 #946].

32 Includes stygius see White (1961) [White, 1961 #4187]. Also implicitly includes sylvivagus Clancey, 1984 [Clancey, 1984 #922], see Pearson (1992) [Pearson, 1992 #2987].

33 Vaurie et al. (1960) [Vaurie, 1960 #3963] dated this 1851, but see Gyldenstolpe (1926) [Gyldenstolpe, 1926 #1841].

34 For treatment as a separate species from A. novaeseelandiae; see Stresemann & Stresemann (1968) [Stresemann, 1968 15687] and Cramp et al. (1988) [Cramp, 1988 #1087] and Dickinson (2003) [Dickinson, 2003 #9533]. But see Hall (1961) [Hall, 1961 #1884].

35 For treatment as monotypic see Alström & Mild (2003) [Alström, 2003 #13282] thus includes dauricus, centralasiae, sinensis and .

36 For treatment as a separate species from A. richardi; see Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636], Robson (2000) [Robson, 2000 #3368] and Alström & Mild (2003) [Alström, 2003 #13282]. But see Cramp et al. (1988) [Cramp, 1988 #1087] and Dickinson (2003) [Dickinson, 2003 #9533].

37 Alström & Mild (2003) [Alström, 2003 #13282] recognised only the nominate form and malayensis but made no mention of a Philippine population. But see Tyler (2004) [Tyler, 2004 #12203].

38 Includes waitei see Alström & Mild (2003) [Alström, 2003 #13282].

39 Includes idjenensis Hoogerwerf, 1962 [Hoogerwerf, 1962 #2001], see Mees (1996) [Mees, 1996 #2638].

40 Doubtfully distinct from malayensis see Alström & Mild (2003) [Alström, 2003 #13282].

41 For correct date see Duncan (1937) [Duncan, 1937 #1442].

42 For treatment as a separate species from A. novaeseelandiae see Schodde & Mason (1999) [Schodde, 1999 #3524]; see also Gill et al. (2010) [Gill, 2010 #12348]. For subspecies treatment see Schodde & Mason (1999) [Schodde, 1999 #3524].

43 For treatment as a separate species from A. novaeseelandiae see Schodde & Mason (1999) [Schodde, 1999 #3524] and Gill et al. (2010) [Gill, 2010 #12348]; but see Christidis & Boles (2008) [Christidis, 2008 #11602] for an alternative view. Subspecies treatment follows Schodde & Mason (1999) [Schodde, 1999 #3524].

44 Includes subaustralis see Schodde & Mason (1999) [Schodde, 1999 #3524].

45 For correct date see Dickinson et al. (2011) [Dickinson, 2011 #13287].

46 Includes reischeki see Tyler (2004) [Tyler, 2004 #12203] and Gill et al. (2010) [Gill, 2010 #12348].

47 For treatment as a separate species from A. similis see Clancey (1990) [Clancey, 1990 #946]; for an alternative view see Pearson (1992) [Pearson, 1992 #2987] and Dowsett & Dowsett-Lemaire (1993) [Dowsett, 1993 #1417].

48 For recognition see Pearson (1992) [Pearson, 1992 #2987].

49 Includes winterbottomi Clancey, 1985 [Clancey, 1985 #927] see Pearson (1992) [Pearson, 1992 #2987] and Dowsett et al. (2008) [Dowsett, 2008 #12725]. However, Clancey (1990) [Clancey, 1990 #946] recognised this as a subspecies of a separate A. latistriatus, while Tyler (2004) [Tyler, 2004 #12203] treated it as a subspecies of A. cinnamomeus.

50 For recognition see Voelker in Hockey et al. (2005) [Hockey, 2005 #12724].

51 For recognition see Pearson (1992) [Pearson, 1992 #2987].

52 The races saphiroi and goodsoni were attached here by Hall (1961) [Hall, 1961 #1884] and Pearson (1992) [Pearson, 1992 #2987], but were moved to A. vaalensis by Clancey (1990) [Clancey, 1990 #946], followed by Tyler (2004) [Tyler, 2004 #12203].

53 For recognition see Voelker in Hockey et al. (2005) [Hockey, 2005 #12724].

54 Includes madeirensis; see Alström & Mild (2003) [Alström, 2003 #13282] and Mlíkovský et al. (2013) [Mlíkovský, 2013 #14938].

55 For assignment of date precedence to the Journal für Ornithologie description over that in The Ibis see Mlíkovský et al. (2013) [Mlíkovský, 2013 #14938].

56 Treated as monotypic by Alström & Mild (2003) [Alström, 2003 #13282] thus includes kastschenkoi and griseus, although the latter is recognised by Tyler (2004) [Tyler, 2004 #12203]. Also includes boehmii Portenko, 1960 [Portenko, 1960 #3108], see Cramp et al. (1988) [Cramp, 1988 #1087].

57 For treatment as a separate species from A. novaeseelandiae see Prigogine (1981, 1985) [Prigogine, 1981 #3145], but see Pearson (1992) [Pearson, 1992 #2987] and Dowsett et al. (2008) [Dowsett, 2008 #12725]. Subspecies treatment follows Pearson (op cit.).

58 For recognition see Clancey (1990) [Clancey, 1990 #946].

59 For recognition see Pearson (1992) [Pearson, 1992 #2987].

60 Probably not published until 1982; but proof not obtained.

61 Recognised and treated within a broad A. novaeseelandiae by Pearson (1992) [Pearson, 1992 #2987]; but considered a separate species by Clancey (1990) [Clancey, 1990 #946].

62 For recognition of this subspecies, and of annae, spurius, grotei and lichenya, see Pearson (1992) [Pearson, 1992 #2987].

63 Correct date of publication November 9, 1920.

64 Correct original spelling. Spelling bocagei in Dickinson (2003) [Dickinson, 2003 #9533] was an ISS.

65 For recognition see Pearson (1992) [Pearson, 1992 #2987].

66 Includes marungensis, see Clancey (1990) [Clancey, 1990 #946].

67 For recognition of this and the next subspecies, see Voelker in Hockey et al. (2005) [Hockey, 2005 #12724].

68 Includes clanceyi Winterbottom, 1963 [Winterbottom, 1963 #4250]; see Voelker in Hockey et al. (2005) [Hockey, 2005 #12724].

69 This is accepted tentatively and probably only briefly as we understand a paper placing this name in synonymy has been accepted for publication.

70 This is accepted tentatively and probably only briefly as we understand a paper placing this name in synonymy has been accepted for publication. See also Voelker & Liversidge in Hockey et al. (2005) [Hockey, 2005 #12724].

71 Finch et al. (2013) [Finch, 2013 #15418] report a genetic divergence between subspecies from Kenya and Israel and specimens from southern Africa which suggests that the species may be paraphyletic.

72 For recognition see Voelker in Hockey et al. (2005) [Hockey, 2005 #12724].

73 For recognition see Voelker in Hockey et al. (2005) [Hockey, 2005 #12724].

74 For recognition see Voelker in Hockey et al. (2005) [Hockey, 2005 #12724].

75 Treated as a synonym of subspecies dewittei by Tyler (2004) [Tyler, 2004 #12203].

76 Includes hallae see Pearson (1992) [Pearson, 1992 #2987]; but see Tyler (2004) [Tyler, 2004 #12203].

77 Treated as a synonym of subspecies hararensis by Vaurie et al. (1960) [Vaurie, 1960 #3963] and Tyler (2004) [Tyler, 2004 #12203]. But see Pearson (1992) [Pearson, 1992 #2987] and Dickinson (2003) [Dickinson, 2003 #9533].

78 For support for continuing recognition of this taxon see Kirwan & Grieve (2010) [Kirwan, 2010 #13426].

79 Includes josensis see Pearson (1992) [Pearson, 1992 #2987]; but see Tyler (2004) [Tyler, 2004 #12203].

80 Treated by Clancey (1990) [Clancey, 1990 #946] as a subspecies of species A. latistriatus, and Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636] considered these two to comprise a superspecies.

81 Perhaps not distinct from subspecies nivescens; see Kirwan & Grieve (2010) [Kirwan, 2010 #13426].

82 Treated as a synonym of the nominate subspecies by Alström & Mild (2003) [Alström, 2003 #13282]; but accepted by Rasmussen & Anderton (2005) [Rasmussen, 2005 #4749].

83 Includes pallidus Colston, 1982 [Colston, 1982 #1027]; preoccupied by A. bogotensis pallidus Carriker, 1933.

84 Correct original spelling. Spelling fuellebornii in Dickinson (2003) [Dickinson, 2003 #9533] was an ISS.

85 Includes stabilior see White (1961) [White, 1961 #4187] and latimerae Clancey, 1963 [Clancey, 1963 #813], see White (1963) [White, 1963 #4190]. But see Tyler (2004) [Tyler, 2004 #12203] for recognition of stabilior.

86 This author's name was not Schouteden as given by Dickinson (2003) [Dickinson, 2003 #9533].

87 For implicit recognition see Chittenden in Hockey et al. (2005) [Hockey, 2005 #12724].

88 For recognition of this and subspecies vulturnus see Chittendon in Hockey et al. (2005) [Hockey, 2005 #12724].

89 Correct original spelling. Spelling vulturinus in Dickinson (2003) [Dickinson, 2003 #9533] was an ISS.

90 For recognition see Zimmerman et al. (1996) [Zimmerman, 1996 #4328].

91 For recognition see Chittenden in Hockey et al. (2005) [Hockey, 2005 #12724].

92 Implicitly includes cuandocubangensis da Rosa Pinto, 1968 [da Rosa Pinto, 1968 #1111], see Taylor (1992) [Taylor, 1992 #3806].

93 For treatment in the genus Macronyx see Taylor (1992) [Taylor, 1992 #3806] and Zimmerman et al. (1996) [Zimmerman, 1996 #4328]. But see Cooper (1985) [Cooper, 1985 #14892] and Tyler (2004) [Tyler, 2004 #12203].

94 For treatment in the genus Hemimacronyx see Cooper (1985) [Cooper, 1985 #14892] and Voelker & Edwards (1998) [Voelker, 1998 #15264].

95 For phylogenetic information see the results of Ödeen & Alström as published in Alström & Mild (2003) [Alström, 2003 #13282] and the extensive discussion included there. Species sequence here based on their fig. 55 but adjusted based on Ödeen & Björklund (2003) [Ödeen, 2003 #2890].

96 Subspecies included based on one of the two clades depicted in fig. 56 in Alström & Mild (2003) [Alström, 2003 #13282] and their commentary. See also Pavlova et al. (2003) [Pavlova, 2003 #2962] and Banks et al. (2004) [Banks, 2004 #203].

97 Includes melanogrisea; see Alström & Mild (2003) [Alström, 2003 #13282]. But see Tyler (2004) [Tyler, 2004 #12203].

98 Includes plexa; see Alström & Mild (2003) [Alström, 2003 #13282]. But see Tyler (2004) [Tyler, 2004 #12203].

99 For authorship and date of this name see Sherborn (1923) [Sherborn, 1923 #15558].

100 For validation of this name see Opinion 882, I.C.Z.N. (1969) [I.C.Z.N., 1969 #2053].

101 Includes canariensis, melanope and robusta; see Alström & Mild (2003) [Alström, 2003 #13282]; but see Tyler (2004) [Tyler, 2004 #12203].

102 Subspecies groups follow Voelker (2002) [Voelker, 2002 #4035] and Pavlova et al. (2003) [Pavlova, 2003 #2962], who treated them as species. Although this was supported by mtDNA data the nuclear data is less supportive, see Alström & Ödeen in Alström & Mild (2003) [Alström, 2003 #13282].

103 Includes quassitrix Portenko, 1960 [Portenko, 1960 #3108], see Cramp et al. (1988) [Cramp, 1988 #1087]. But see Stepanyan (2003) [Stepanyan, 2003 #4769].

104 Includes sindzianicus Portenko, 1960 [Portenko, 1960 #3108], see Stepanyan (1990, 2003) [Stepanyan, 1990 #3721], [Stepanyan, 2003 #4769]; a subtle but distinct form, although see Alström & Mild (2003) [Alström, 2003 #13282].

105 Although mtDNA suggests these two subspecies groups are species, see Voelker (2002) [Voelker, 2002 #4035] and Pavlova et al. (2003) [Pavlova, 2003 #2962], the nuclear DNA is less supportive, see Alström & Ödeen in Alström & Mild (2003) [Alström, 2003 #13282].

106 Subspecies included based on one of the two clades depicted in fig. 56 in Alström & Mild (2003) [Alström, 2003 #13282] and their commentary. See also Pavlova et al. (2003) [Pavlova, 2003 #2962] and Banks et al. (2004) [Banks, 2004 #203].

107 Includes zaissanensis, angarensis and simillima; see Alström & Mild (2003) [Alström, 2003 #13282]. But see Tyler (2004) [Tyler, 2004 #12203].

108 Correct original spelling. Spelling madaraspatensis in Vaurie et al. (1960) [Vaurie, 1960 #3963] was an ISS.

109 For recognition see Alström & Mild (2003) [Alström, 2003 #13282] and Tyler (2004) [Tyler, 2004 #12203].

110 We include all authors' names when five or fewer are involved.

111 For treatment as two species see A.O.U. (1998) [A.O.U., 1998 #9]; but M. lugens was replaced within M. alba by Banks et al. (2005) [Banks, 2005 #5802]. Tyler (2004) [Tyler, 2004 #12203] outlined four subspecies groups based on Vaurie (1959) [Vaurie, 1959 #3961] which we follow.

112 Correct original spelling. Spelling yarrelli in Dickinson (2003) [Dickinson, 2003 #9533] was an ISS.

113 Includes forwoodi and tentatively dukhunensis; see Alström & Mild (2003) [Alström, 2003 #13282]; but see Tyler (2004) [Tyler, 2004 #12203].

114 For transfer from the Sylviidae to the Motacillidae see Johansson et al. (2008) [Johansson, 2008 #10998].