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CRACIDAE - Guans and Curassows1 (11:54)
CHAMAEPETES Wagler, 1832 M - Ortalida goudotii Lesson, 1828; type by monotypy  
Chamaepetes unicolor   Salvin, 1867 Black Guan
iMountains of Costa Rica and Panama
Chamaepetes goudotii2 Sickle-winged Guan
sanctaemarthae Chapman, 1912 iSanta Marta Mts. (N Colombia)
goudotii (Lesson, 1828) iAndes of Colombia (Antioquia and Cundinamarca to Cauca)
fagani C. Chubb, 1917 iW slope of W Andes in S Colombia (Nariño) and NW Ecuador
tschudii Taczanowski, 1886 iE slope of E Andes from S Colombia (Nariño) to N Peru (La Libertad, San Martín)
rufiventris (von Tschudi, 1843) vE slope of Andes from C Peru (Huánuco) to N Bolivia (La Paz)
PENELOPINA Reichenbach, 1862 F - Penelope niger Fraser, 1852; type by monotypy  
Penelopina nigra 3  (Fraser, 1852) Highland Guan
vMountains of S Mexico (SE Oaxaca and Chiapas) to W Nicaragua
PENELOPE Merrem, 1786 F - Penelope marail Gmelin, 1788; type by subsequent designation (Lesson, 1828, Manuel d'Ornithologie, 2, p. 214). = Phasianus marail Statius Muller, 1776  
Penelope argyrotis4 Band-tailed Guan
colombiana Todd, 1912 vSanta Marta Mts. (N Colombia)
albicauda W.H. Phelps, Sr. & Gilliard, 19405 Sierra de Perijá (Colombian-Venezuelan border) [Phelps, 1940 #3025]
argyrotis (Bonaparte, 1856)6 vAndes of NE Colombia and SW Venezuela; Coastal Range of Venezuela
Penelope barbata 7  Chapman, 1921 Bearded Guan
vW slope of Andes in S Ecuador and NW Peru
Penelope ortoni 8  Salvin, 1874 Baudo Guan
iW Colombia, W Ecuador
Penelope montagnii Andean Guan
montagnii (Bonaparte, 1856) iSierra de Perijá; Andes of W Venezuela, E and C Andes of Colombia
atrogularis Hellmayr & Conover, 1932 vW slope of Andes in S Colombia (Nariño) and Ecuador
brooki C. Chubb, 1917 iE slope of Andes in S Colombia (Nariño) and Ecuador
plumosa von Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1902 vE slope of Andes in Peru
sclateri G.R. Gray, 1860 iE slope of Andes in Bolivia
Penelope marail9 Marail Guan
marail (Statius Muller, 1776)10 iE Venezuela (south of R. Orinoco) and the Guianas
jacupeba von Spix, 182511 iN Brazil (north of R. Amazon, east of R. Branco)
Penelope superciliaris12 Rusty-margined Guan
superciliaris Temminck, 181513 vNC Brazil south of R. Amazon (R. Madeira east to R. Araguaia and south to Rondônia and S Pará)
jacupemba von Spix, 182514 iE and C Brazil (Maranhão east to Pernambuco and south to Paraná) and E Bolivia (Santa Cruz)
alagoensis Nardelli, 199315 vNE Brazil (Alagoas) [Nardelli, 1993 #2749]
major W. Bertoni, 1901 vSE Brazil (Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul), E Paraguay, NE Argentina (Misiones)
Penelope dabbenei 16  Hellmayr & Conover, 1942 Red-faced Guan
iE slope of Andes from S Bolivia (Chuquisaca) to NW Argentina (Salta) [Hellmayr, 1942 #1946]
Penelope purpurascens Crested Guan
purpurascens Wagler, 1830 iNE and NW Mexico to Honduras and Nicaragua
aequatorialis Salvadori & Festa, 1900 vS Honduras to N Colombia, and south to NW Peru
brunnescens Hellmayr & Conover, 1932 iNE Colombia and N Venezuela
Penelope perspicax 17  Bangs, 1911 Cauca Guan
iW and C Andes of Colombia
Penelope albipennis 18  Taczanowski, 1878 White-winged Guan
vNW Peru (Piura, Lambayeque, Cajamarca)
Penelope jacquacu19 Spix's Guan
1 granti von Berlepsch, 190820 iE Venezuela (south of R. Orinoco) and Guyana
1 orienticola Todd, 1932 iS Venezuela (Amazonas) and NW Brazil (north of R. Amazon in Amazonas and Roraima)
2 jacquacu von Spix, 1825 iAmazonia south of R. Amazon (east to R. Tapajós and south to NE Bolivia)
2 speciosa Todd, 1915 vE Bolivia
Penelope obscura21 Dusky-legged Guan
bridgesi G.R. Gray, 1860 iAndean foothills of C Bolivia (Cochabamba) to NW Argentina (Catamarca and Tucumán)
bronzina Hellmayr, 1914 vSE Brazil (Espírito Santo to Santa Catarina)
obscura Temminck, 1815 vS Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul), E Paraguay, Uruguay, NE Argentina
Penelope pileata   Wagler, 1830 White-crested Guan
vE Amazonian Brazil (south of R. Amazon, R. Madeira to R. Tapajós)
Penelope ochrogaster   von Pelzeln, 1870 Chestnut-bellied Guan
iSC Brazil (S Mato Grosso to W Minas Gerais)
Penelope jacucaca 22  von Spix, 1825 White-browed Guan
iE Brazil (Ceará and W Paraíba to S Bahia)
ABURRIA Reichenbach, 1853 F - Penelope carunculata Reichenbach, 1853; type by monotypy and virtual tautonymy = Penelope aburri Lesson, 1828  
Aburria aburri   (Lesson, 1828) Wattled Guan
iSierra de Perijá; Andes from W Venezuela to SC Peru (Cuzco)
PIPILE Bonaparte, 1856 M - Penelope leucolophos Merrem, 1786; type by tautonymy = Crax pipile von Jacquin, 1784  23
Pipile pipile 24  (von Jacquin, 1784) Trinidad Piping Guan
Trinidad
Pipile cumanensis Blue-throated Piping Guan
cumanensis (von Jacquin, 1784)25 vThe Guianas to E Ecuador, E Peru, NW Brazil
grayi (von Pelzeln, 1870)26 iSE Peru, E Bolivia, SW Brazil, NE Paraguay
Pipile cujubi27 Red-throated Piping Guan
nattereri Reichenbach, 186128,29 αiC Amazonian Brazil (R. Purus east to upper R. Araguaia and south to Mato Grosso) to E Bolivia (NE Santa Cruz)
cujubi (von Pelzeln, 1858) iE Amazonian Brazil (lower R. Madeira to N Pará)
Pipile jacutinga   (von Spix, 1825) Black-fronted Piping Guan
SE Brazil (S Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul), NE Argentina (Misiones, E Corrientes), SE Paraguay
ORTALIS Merrem, 1786 F - Phasianus motmot Linnaeus, 1766; type by original designation  30
Ortalis vetula Plain Chachalaca
mccalli S.F. Baird, 185831,32 δiS USA (S Texas) and NE Mexico (south to N Veracruz)
vetula (Wagler, 1830)33 iE Mexico (S Veracruz, Campeche and S Quintana Roo) to NW Costa Rica
pallidiventris Ridgway, 1887 vSE Mexico (N Yucatan Pen.)
deschauenseei J. Bond, 1936 iIsla de Utila (off N Honduras) [Bond, 1936 #421]
Ortalis cinereiceps 34,35  G.R. Gray, 1867 Gray-headed Chachalaca
iSE Honduras to NW Colombia (NW Chocó)
Ortalis garrula 36  (von Humboldt, 1805) Chestnut-winged Chachalaca
vN Colombia (Antioquia to Magdalena)
Ortalis ruficauda Rufous-vented Chachalaca
ruficrissa P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 187037,38 iNE Colombia (Guajira, NE Cesar) and NW Venezuela (NW Zulia)
ruficauda Jardine, 1847 iNE Colombia (Norte de Santander, N Arauca), N and NE Venezuela, Tobago; Bequia and Union (the Grenadines)
Ortalis erythroptera   P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 1870 Rufous-headed Chachalaca
vW Ecuador and NW Peru (Tumbes and Piura)
Ortalis wagleri 39,40  G.R. Gray, 1867 Rufous-bellied Chachalaca
iN and W Mexico (S Sonora to N Jalisco)
Ortalis poliocephala 41,42  (Wagler, 1830) West Mexican Chachalaca
vW Mexico (C Jalisco to SW Chiapas)
Ortalis canicollis Chaco Chachalaca
pantanalensis Cherrie & Reichenberger, 192143,44 vSW Brazil (SW Mato Grosso)
canicollis (Wagler, 1830) vSE Bolivia, W Paraguay, N Argentina
Ortalis leucogastra 45  (Gould, 1843) White-bellied Chachalaca
vPacific slope from S Mexico (S Chiapas) to NW Nicaragua
Ortalis columbiana 46,47  Hellmayr, 1906 Colombian Chachalacaδ
vNC Colombia (Magdalena and Cauca valleys)
Ortalis guttata Speckled Chachalaca
guttata (von Spix, 1825)48 vE Colombia, E Ecuador, E Peru, N Bolivia and W Brazil
subaffinis Todd, 1932 vNE and E Bolivia and adjacent W Brazil
Ortalis araucuan 49  (von Spix, 1825) East Brazilian Chachalaca
E Brazil (Pernambuco to Espírito Santo)
Ortalis squamata 50,51  Lesson, 1829 Scaled Chachalaca
vSE Brazil (SE Mato Grosso to Rio Grande do Sul)
Ortalis motmot52 Variable Chachalaca
motmot (Linnaeus, 1766) iS Venezuela, the Guianas, NE Brazil (north of R. Amazon)
ruficeps (Wagler, 1830)53 iE Brazil south of R. Amazon (R. Tapajós to R. Araguaia)
Ortalis superciliaris 54  G.R. Gray, 1867 Buff-browed Chachalaca
vE Brazil (E Pará to Piauí and N Tocantins)
OREOPHASIS G.R. Gray, 1844 M - Oreophasis derbianus G.R. Gray, 1844; type by monotypy  
Oreophasis derbianus   G.R. Gray, 1844 Horned Guan
vMountains of S Mexico (SE Oaxaca and Chiapas) to C Guatemala
NOTHOCRAX Burmeister, 1856 M - Crax urumutum von Spix, 1825; type by monotypy  
Nothocrax urumutum   (von Spix, 1825) Nocturnal Curassow
iW Amazonia from S Venezuela to E Ecuador and N Peru
CRAX Linnaeus, 1758 F - Crax rubra Linnaeus, 1758; type by subsequent designation (Ridgway, 1896, A Manual of North American Birds, ed. 2, p. 207).  55
Crax rubra Great Curassow
rubra Linnaeus, 1758 vE Mexico (S Tamaulipas) to W Colombia and W Ecuador
griscomi Nelson, 1926 iIsla de Cozumel (off Yucatan Pen.)
Crax alberti 56  Fraser, 1852 Blue-billed Curassow
iN Colombia (Guajira to NE Antioquia and W Boyacá)
Crax daubentoni 57  G.R. Gray, 1867 Yellow-knobbed Curassow
iN Venezuela (north of R. Orinoco) and adjacent NE Colombia
Crax alector58 Black Curassow
alector Linnaeus, 1766 Extreme E Venezuela, the Guianas, N Brazil (north of R. Amazon)
erythrognatha P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 187759 vE Colombia and Venezuela (south of R. Orinoco) [Sclater, 1877 #14188]
Crax fasciolata60 Bare-faced Curassow
grayi Ogilvie-Grant, 189361 iE Bolivia (Beni)
fasciolata von Spix, 182562 vEC and SW Brazil, Paraguay and N Argentina
pinima von Pelzeln, 187063 iNE Brazil (N Maranhão and NE Pará)
Crax globulosa   von Spix, 1825 Wattled Curassow
vW Amazonia from S Colombia to N Bolivia
Crax blumenbachii   von Spix, 1825 Red-billed Curassow
iSE Brazil (SE Bahia to Rio de Janeiro)
MITU Lesson, 1831 N - Ourax mitu Temminck, 1822; type by tautonymy = Crax mitu Linnaeus, 1766  64
Mitu tomentosum   (von Spix, 1825) Crestless Curassow
vSE Colombia, NW Brazil, S Venezuela, Guyana
Mitu salvini   Reinhardt, 1879 Salvin's Curassow
iW Amazonia from S Colombia to N Peru
Mitu tuberosum 65  (von Spix, 1825) Razor-billed Curassow
vAmazonia (south of R. Amazon) [von Spix, 1825 #13768]
Mitu mitu   (Linnaeus, 1766) Alagoas Curassow
iNE Brazil (E Pernambuco to N Bahia)66
PAUXI Temminck, 1813 F - Crax pauxi Linnaeus, 1766; type by tautonymy  
Pauxi pauxi Helmeted Curassow
gilliardi Wetmore & W.H. Phelps, Sr., 1943 iSierra de Perijá (Colombian-Venezuelan border) [Wetmore, 1943 #4130]
pauxi (Linnaeus, 1766) iAndes of NE Colombia (Norte de Santander to Boyacá) and W Venezuela; Coastal Range of Venezuela
Pauxi koepckeae 67  Weske & Terborgh, 1971 Sira Curassow
Mountains of C Peru (Cerros del Sira in Huánuco) [Weske, 1971 #4451]
Pauxi unicornis 68  J. Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1939 Horned Curassow
vFoothills of Andes in C Bolivia (Cochabamba) [Bond, 1939 #422]
1 Sequence of genera derived from Pereira et al. (2009) [Pereira, 2009 #11748], who also showed that the boundaries of traditional subfamilies were uncertain.
2 Forms a superspecies with C. unicolor; see Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].
3 Includes dickeyi van Rossem, 1934 [van Rossem, 1934 #3923], and rufescens van Rossem, 1934 [van Rossem, 1934 #3923]; see Vaurie (1967) [Vaurie, 1967 #10438].
4 Forms a superspecies with P. barbata; see Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].
5 For recognition see del Hoyo (1994) [del Hoyo, 1994 #29], but see Vaurie (1966) [Vaurie, 1966 #3970] and Blake (1977) [Blake, 1977 #326].
6 Includes olivaceiceps and mesaea Conover, 1945 [Conover, 1945 #1042]; see Vaurie (1966) [Vaurie, 1966 #3970].
7 Formerly treated as conspecific with P. argyrotis but see Delacour & Amadon (1973) [Delacour, 1973 #13885]. Includes inexpectata Carriker, 1934 [Carriker, 1934 #667]; see Vaurie (1966) [Vaurie, 1966 #3970].
8 Treated as a subspecies of P. montagnii by Vuilleumier (1965) [Vuilleumier, 1965 #13947] but see Vaurie (1966) [Vaurie, 1966 #3970].
9 Considered to form a superspecies with P. superciliaris by Haffer (1987) [Haffer, 1987 #13890].
10 For choice of P.L. Statius Muller rather than P.L.S. Müller see fn. p. 170 in Holthuis & Junge (1958) [Holthuis, 1958 #10215].
11 For recognition see Vaurie (1964) [Vaurie, 1964 #8366].
12 Includes cyanosparius Nardelli, 1993 [Nardelli, 1993 #2749]; see Appendix 2.2.
13 Includes pseudonyma Neumann, 1933 [Neumann, 1933 #2759]; see Hellmayr & Conover (1942) [Hellmayr, 1942 #1946].
14 Includes argyromitra Neumann, 1933 [Neumann, 1933 #2759], and ochromitra Neumann, 1933 [Neumann, 1933 #2759]; see Vaurie (1966) [Vaurie, 1966 #3970].
15 For recognition see Silveira & Olmos (2003) [Silveira, 2003 #13994] and Silveira et al. (2003) [Silveira, 2003 #13995].
16 New name for nigrifrons Dabbene, 1918, preoccupied by Penelope nigrifrons Lesson, 1831, a synonym of Pipile jacutinga von Spix, 1825; provided by Hellmayr & Conover (1942) [Hellmayr, 1942 #1946].
17 Treated as a subspecies of P. jacquacu by Vaurie (1966) [Vaurie, 1966 #3969] and of P. purpurascens by Hellmayr & Conover (1942) [Hellmayr, 1942 #1946] and Meyer de Schauensee (1970) [Meyer de Schauensee, 1970 #2678], but see Delacour & Amadon (1973) [Delacour, 1973 #13885].
18 For recognition as a species see Vaurie (1966) [Vaurie, 1966 #3969] and Eley (1982) [Eley, 1982 #13928].
19 For treatment as a separate species from P. obscura (including granti, orienticola and speciosa as subspecies) see Vaurie (1966) [Vaurie, 1966 #3969].
20 For recognition see Vaurie (1966) [Vaurie, 1966 #3970].
21 Forms a superspecies with P. purpurascens, P. perspicax, P. albipennis and P. jacquacu; see Haffer (1987) [Haffer, 1987 #13890].
22 Forms a superspecies with P. pileata and P. ochrogaster; see Delacour & Amadon (1973) [Delacour, 1973 #13885].
23 Included in Aburria by Delacour & Amadon (1973) [Delacour, 1973 #13885], Grau et al. (2005) [Grau, 2005 #1768] and Frank-Hoeflich et al. (2007) [Frank-Hoeflich, 2007 #9854].
24 Forms a superspecies with P. cumanensis and P. cujubi. Species limits in this group uncertain; see Delacour & Amadon (1973) [Delacour, 1973 #13885]. For treatment as a separate species from P. cumanensis, see del Hoyo (1994) [del Hoyo, 1994 #29].
25 Includes Pipile jacou Reichenbach, 1862 [Reichenbach, 1862 #7468]; see Vaurie (1967) [Vaurie, 1967 #10437].
26 For continued recognition see Gyldenstolpe (1945) [Gyldenstolpe, 1945 #1845] and Vaurie (1967) [Vaurie, 1967 #10437].
27 For treatment as a separate species from P. pipile see Hellmayr & Conover (1942) [Hellmayr, 1942 #1946] and Vaurie (1967) [Vaurie, 1967 #10437].
28 Includes naumburgae; see Hellmayr & Conover (1942) [Hellmayr, 1942 #1946] and Vaurie (1967) [Vaurie, 1967 #10437].
29 Formerly treated as a subspecies of A. cumanensis but these two are marginally sympatric in Mato Grosso; see del Hoyo (1994) [del Hoyo, 1994 #29].
30 Although various superspecies combinations have been designated by various authors, the parapatric distributions of all the species suggest that together they form a single superspecies (del Hoyo 1994) [del Hoyo, 1994 #29].
31 Spelling selected by a First Reviser; see David et al. (2009) [David, 2009 #11541].
32 For recognition see Hellmayr & Conover (1942) [Hellmayr, 1942 #1846].
33 Includes jalapensis, intermedia, plumbiceps, and vallicola Brodkorb, 1942 [Brodkorb, 1942 #496]; see Vaurie (1965) [Vaurie, 1965 #8367].
34 Includes frantzii, mira, olivacea Aldrich & Boie, 1937 [Aldrich, 1937 #38] and chocoensis Meyer de Schauensee, 1950 [Meyer de Schauensee, 1950 #2670]; see Vaurie (1965) [Vaurie, 1965 #8368] and Blake (1977) [Blake, 1977 #326].
35 For treatment as a separate species from O. garrula, see Davis (1965) [Davis, 1965 #14187] and Delacour & Amadon (1973) [Delacour, 1973 #13885].
36 Forms a superspecies with O. cinereiceps; see Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].
37 Formerly treated as a separate species, but see Phelps (1943) [Phelps, 1943 #13938] and Phelps & Phelps (1958) [Phelps, 1958 #3044].
38 Includes baliola and lamprophonia Wetmore, 1953 [Wetmore, 1953 #4137]; see Vaurie (1965) [Vaurie, 1956 #8368] and Blake (1977) [Blake, 1977 #326]. For recogntion of baliola see Restall et al. (2006) [Restall, 2006 #12477].
39 Includes griseiceps van Rossem, 1934 [van Rossem, 1934 #3922]; see Vaurie (1965) [Vaurie, 1965 #8367] and Banks (1990) [Banks, 1990 #195].
40 Treated as a subspecies of O. poliocephala by Moore & Medina (1957) [Moore, 1957 #2723] and Vaurie (1965) [Vaurie, 1965 #8367], but see Banks (1990) [Banks, 1990 #194].
41 Forms a superspecies with O. wagleri; see Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].
42 For treatment as separate species from O. vetula and close relationship to O. wagleri see Davis (1965) [Davis, 1965 #14187] and Banks (1990) [Banks, 1990 #195]. Includes lajuelae Moore & Medina, 1957 [Moore, 1957 #2723]; see Vaurie (1965) [Vaurie, 1965 #8367].
43 Includes ungeri J. Steinbacher, 1962 [Steinbacher, 1962 #3706]; see Vaurie (1964) [Vaurie, 1964 #8366].
44 May be closer to O. vetula than to canicollis; forms a subspecies group and is perhaps a distinct species; see Frank-Hoeflich et al. (2007) [Frank-Hoeflich, 2007 #9854].
45 For treatment as a separate species from O. vetula, see Davis (1965) [Davis, 1965 #14187] and Vaurie (1965) [Vaurie, 1965 #8367].
46 Includes caucae; see Vaurie (1965) [Vaurie, 1965 #4444]. For treatment as a separate species from O. guttata, see Donegan et al. (2010) [Donegan, 2010 #12332].
47 Correct original spelling. Spelling colombiana in Dickinson (2003) [Dickinson, 2003 #9533] an ISS.
48 Includes caquetae and adspersa; see Blake (1955) [Blake, 1955 #13922] and Vaurie (1965) [Vaurie, 1965 #4444].
49 For continued treatment as a separate species from O. guttata, see Sick (1993) [Sick, 1993 #10563] and Donegan et al. (2010) [Donegan, 2010 #12332].
50 Treated as a subspecies of O. araucan by Peters (1934) [Peters, 1934 #3007] and of O. vetula (including araucan) by Hellmayr & Conover (1942) [Hellmayr, 1942 #1946] and most subsequent authors. But see Sick (1993) [Sick, 1993 #10563] and Donegan et al. (2010) [Donegan, 2010 #12332].
51 Includes remota Pinto, 1960 [Pinto, 1960 #3087]; see Vaurie (1965) [Vaurie, 1965 #4444].
52 Forms a superspecies with O. columbiana, O. guttata and O. superciliaris; see Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].
53 Treated as a separate species by Sick (1993) [Sick, 1993 #10563].
54 For recognition and inclusion of Ortalis spixi, see Hellmayr & Conover (1942) [Hellmayr, 1942 #1946].
55 Together, the members of this genus form a superspecies (Vaurie 1967) [Vaurie, 1967 #10439].
56 Includes Crax annulata; see Peters (1934) [Peters, 1934 #3007] and Vaurie (1967) [Vaurie, 1967 #10439]. Crax estudilloi Allen, Allen & Allen, 1977 [Allen, 1977 #48], supposedly raised from a chick captured in Bolivia, has the mtDNA of C. alberti (Joseph 1999) [Joseph, 1999 #4391] and is thus almost certainly an aviary hybrid. Crax viridirostris is a hybrid between C. alberti and C. daubentoni see Joseph (1999) [Joseph, 1999 #4391].
57 Formerly treated as a subspecies of C. alberti but see Hellmayr & Conover (1942) [Hellmayr, 1942 #1946] and Vaurie (1967) [Vaurie, 1967 #10439].
58 The name C. nigra cannot be used; see Hellmayr & Conover (1942) [Hellmayr, 1942 #1946].
59 For recognition see Delacour & Amadon (1973) [Delacour, 1973 #13885] and del Hoyo (1994) [del Hoyo, 1994 #29]; but see Hellmayr & Conover (1942) [Hellmayr, 1942 #1946].
60 Includes xavieri Nardelli, 1993 [Nardelli, 1993 #2749]; see Appendix 2.2.
61 For recognition see Hellmayr & Conover (1942) [Hellmayr, 1942 #1946] and Vaurie (1967) [Vaurie, 1967 #10439].
62 Includes sclateri; see Vaurie (1967) [Vaurie, 1967 #10439].
63 Formerly treated as a separate species but see Vaurie (1967) [Vaurie, 1967 #10439].
64 Included in Pauxi by Frank-Hoeflich et al. (2007) [Frank-Hoeflich, 2007 #9854].
65 For recognition and treatment as a separate species from M. mitu see Grau et al. (2003) [Grau, 2003 #1767], Silveira et al. (2004) [Silveira, 2004 #10067], and Pereira & Baker (2004) [Pereira, 2004 #3004].
66 Extinct in the wild.
67 For treatment as a separate species from P. unicornis see Gastañaga Corvacho et al. (2011) [Gastañaga Corvacho, 2011 #13343].
68 Wetmore & Phelps (1943) [Wetmore, 1943 #4130] considered the two species in Pauxi as conspecific, but see Vaurie (1967) [Vaurie, 1967 #10440].
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